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* [PATCH net 1/2] net/sched: bound TCA_STAB overhead to prevent qdisc soft lockup
@ 2026-08-18 10:17 Jamal Hadi Salim
  2026-08-18 10:17 ` [PATCH net 2/2] selftests: tc-testing: add TCA_STAB overhead rejection tests for DRR and ETS Jamal Hadi Salim
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 2+ messages in thread
From: Jamal Hadi Salim @ 2026-08-18 10:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: netdev
  Cc: Jamal Hadi Salim, stable, vega, Victor Nogueira, Jiri Pirko,
	David S. Miller, Eric Dumazet, Jakub Kicinski, Paolo Abeni,
	Simon Horman

qdisc_get_stab() copies the TCA_STAB_BASE overhead from userspace
without bounding it. A huge overhead (e.g. 2147483000) combined with
a small DRR class quantum (1) makes qdisc_calculate_pkt_len() set a
~2 GiB accounting length, so drr_dequeue() spins ~2 billion times
adding quantum=1 to the deficit under the qdisc spinlock with BH
disabled, producing a soft lockup / RCU stall.

The same unbounded stab overhead also lets qdisc_pkt_len() overflow
the per-flow counters of other qdiscs (fq_codel, hhf, sfq), which
were recently clamped per-qdisc; bounding the overhead at the source
closes the root cause for all of them.

Reject overhead > 65535 (matching QFQ_MAX_LMAX and the max single
skb length) in qdisc_get_stab(); legitimate L1 overheads are a few
dozen bytes at most.

vega@nebusec.ai provided PoCs for both DRR and ETS demonstrating the
soft lockup.

Conditions to recreate the bug:
- require CONFIG_SOFTLOCKUP_DETECTOR=y
- Create a veth pair (or use lo) and attach a root qdisc with a
  TCA_STAB overhead near INT_MAX, e.g.:
    tc qdisc add dev veth0 root handle 1: \
        stab mtu 2048 tsize 0 overhead 2147483000 drr
  (or ... ets bands 1 strict 0 quanta 1 priomap 0 0 ... for ETS).
- Add a class with a tiny quantum of 1:
    tc class add dev veth0 parent 1: classid 1:1 drr quantum 1
- Send one small packet (e.g. `ping` or a single UDP datagram) on the
  device; the ~2 GiB accounting length makes the deficit loop spin
  billions of times under the qdisc lock, tripping the softlockup
  detector (panic with kernel.softlockup_panic=1).
- Reachable as root, or from an unprivileged user in a fresh user+net
  namespace (`unshare -Urn`) with namespace-local CAP_NET_ADMIN
  (Level 2).

Fixes: 1da177e4c3f4 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2")
Reported-by: vega@nebusec.ai
Tested-by: Victor Nogueira <victor@mojatatu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com>
---
 include/net/pkt_sched.h | 1 +
 net/sched/sch_api.c     | 5 +++++
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/net/pkt_sched.h b/include/net/pkt_sched.h
index 18a419cd9d94..a4c1b7b0263d 100644
--- a/include/net/pkt_sched.h
+++ b/include/net/pkt_sched.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@

 #define DEFAULT_TX_QUEUE_LEN	1000
 #define STAB_SIZE_LOG_MAX	30
+#define STAB_OVERHEAD_MAX	65535

 struct qdisc_walker {
 	int	stop;
diff --git a/net/sched/sch_api.c b/net/sched/sch_api.c
index 65b35528d125..cdcf861c85f5 100644
--- a/net/sched/sch_api.c
+++ b/net/sched/sch_api.c
@@ -544,6 +544,11 @@ static struct qdisc_size_table *qdisc_get_stab(struct nlattr *opt,
 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 	}

+	if (abs(s->overhead) > STAB_OVERHEAD_MAX) {
+		NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack, "Invalid size table overhead");
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+	}
+
 	stab = kmalloc_flex(*stab, data, tsize);
 	if (!stab)
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
-- 
2.43.0


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2026-08-18 10:17 [PATCH net 1/2] net/sched: bound TCA_STAB overhead to prevent qdisc soft lockup Jamal Hadi Salim
2026-08-18 10:17 ` [PATCH net 2/2] selftests: tc-testing: add TCA_STAB overhead rejection tests for DRR and ETS Jamal Hadi Salim

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