[PATCH net v2] net: team: fix NULL pointer dereference in team_xmit during mode change

[PATCH net v2] net: team: fix NULL pointer dereference in team_xmit during mode change

[Weiming Shi]

__team_change_mode() clears team->ops with memset() before restoring
safe dummy handlers via team_adjust_ops(). A concurrent team_xmit()
running under RCU on another CPU can read team->ops.transmit during
this window and call a NULL function pointer, crashing the kernel.

The race requires CAP_NET_ADMIN (in init_user_ns) to trigger via
TEAM_CMD_OPTIONS_SET, plus AF_PACKET sendto() on a team device with
forced carrier and no ports.

 BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
 Oops: 0010 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI
 RIP: 0010:0x0
 Call Trace:
  team_xmit (drivers/net/team/team_core.c:1853)
  dev_hard_start_xmit (net/core/dev.c:3904)
  __dev_queue_xmit (net/core/dev.c:4871)
  packet_sendmsg (net/packet/af_packet.c:3109)
  __sys_sendto (net/socket.c:2265)

Fix this on the writer side by replacing the memset()/memcpy() with
per-field updates that keep transmit and receive always valid via
smp_store_release(), paired with smp_load_acquire() on the reader
side. A synchronize_net() before exit_op() drains in-flight readers
before tearing down mode state.

Fixes: 3d249d4ca7d0 ("net: introduce ethernet teaming device")
Reported-by: Xiang Mei <xmei5@asu.edu>
Signed-off-by: Weiming Shi <bestswngs@gmail.com>
---
v2:
 - Move fix from data path (reader-side NULL fallback) to
   configuration path (writer-side per-field updates), as suggested
   by the reviewer.
 - Use smp_store_release()/smp_load_acquire() instead of plain
   stores/loads for proper ordering on weakly-ordered architectures.
 - Add synchronize_net() before exit_op() to drain in-flight readers
   and prevent use-after-free of mode private state.

 drivers/net/team/team_core.c | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/team/team_core.c b/drivers/net/team/team_core.c
index 0c87f9972..dabee3aa7 100644
--- a/drivers/net/team/team_core.c
+++ b/drivers/net/team/team_core.c
@@ -534,21 +534,22 @@ static void team_adjust_ops(struct team *team)
 
 	if (!team->tx_en_port_count || !team_is_mode_set(team) ||
 	    !team->mode->ops->transmit)
-		team->ops.transmit = team_dummy_transmit;
+		smp_store_release(&team->ops.transmit, team_dummy_transmit);
 	else
-		team->ops.transmit = team->mode->ops->transmit;
+		smp_store_release(&team->ops.transmit, team->mode->ops->transmit);
 
 	if (!team->rx_en_port_count || !team_is_mode_set(team) ||
 	    !team->mode->ops->receive)
-		team->ops.receive = team_dummy_receive;
+		smp_store_release(&team->ops.receive, team_dummy_receive);
 	else
-		team->ops.receive = team->mode->ops->receive;
+		smp_store_release(&team->ops.receive, team->mode->ops->receive);
 }
 
 /*
- * We can benefit from the fact that it's ensured no port is present
- * at the time of mode change. Therefore no packets are in fly so there's no
- * need to set mode operations in any special way.
+ * team_change_mode() ensures no ports are present during mode change,
+ * but lockless readers (AF_PACKET) can still reach team_xmit(). Use
+ * smp_store_release() to publish safe dummy handlers before teardown,
+ * and synchronize_net() to drain in-flight readers.
  */
 static int __team_change_mode(struct team *team,
 			      const struct team_mode *new_mode)
@@ -557,9 +558,23 @@ static int __team_change_mode(struct team *team,
 	if (team_is_mode_set(team)) {
 		void (*exit_op)(struct team *team) = team->ops.exit;
 
-		/* Clear ops area so no callback is called any longer */
-		memset(&team->ops, 0, sizeof(struct team_mode_ops));
-		team_adjust_ops(team);
+		/* Install dummy handlers for locklessly-read hot-path ops
+		 * first, then clear cold-path ops that are only used under
+		 * RTNL.
+		 */
+		smp_store_release(&team->ops.transmit, team_dummy_transmit);
+		smp_store_release(&team->ops.receive, team_dummy_receive);
+		team->ops.init = NULL;
+		team->ops.exit = NULL;
+		team->ops.port_enter = NULL;
+		team->ops.port_leave = NULL;
+		team->ops.port_change_dev_addr = NULL;
+		team->ops.port_tx_disabled = NULL;
+
+		/* Ensure in-flight readers using old handlers have finished
+		 * before tearing down mode state they may depend on.
+		 */
+		synchronize_net();
 
 		if (exit_op)
 			exit_op(team);
@@ -582,7 +597,12 @@ static int __team_change_mode(struct team *team,
 	}
 
 	team->mode = new_mode;
-	memcpy(&team->ops, new_mode->ops, sizeof(struct team_mode_ops));
+	team->ops.init = new_mode->ops->init;
+	team->ops.exit = new_mode->ops->exit;
+	team->ops.port_enter = new_mode->ops->port_enter;
+	team->ops.port_leave = new_mode->ops->port_leave;
+	team->ops.port_change_dev_addr = new_mode->ops->port_change_dev_addr;
+	team->ops.port_tx_disabled = new_mode->ops->port_tx_disabled;
 	team_adjust_ops(team);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -743,7 +763,7 @@ static rx_handler_result_t team_handle_frame(struct sk_buff **pskb)
 		/* allow exact match delivery for disabled ports */
 		res = RX_HANDLER_EXACT;
 	} else {
-		res = team->ops.receive(team, port, skb);
+		res = smp_load_acquire(&team->ops.receive)(team, port, skb);
 	}
 	if (res == RX_HANDLER_ANOTHER) {
 		struct team_pcpu_stats *pcpu_stats;
@@ -1845,7 +1865,7 @@ static netdev_tx_t team_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
 
 	tx_success = team_queue_override_transmit(team, skb);
 	if (!tx_success)
-		tx_success = team->ops.transmit(team, skb);
+		tx_success = smp_load_acquire(&team->ops.transmit)(team, skb);
 	if (tx_success) {
 		struct team_pcpu_stats *pcpu_stats;
 
-- 
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH net v2] net: team: fix NULL pointer dereference in team_xmit during mode change

[Jakub Kicinski]

On Sat,  9 May 2026 11:18:26 -0700 Weiming Shi wrote:
> __team_change_mode() clears team->ops with memset() before restoring
> safe dummy handlers via team_adjust_ops(). A concurrent team_xmit()
> running under RCU on another CPU can read team->ops.transmit during
> this window and call a NULL function pointer, crashing the kernel.
> 
> The race requires CAP_NET_ADMIN (in init_user_ns) to trigger via
> TEAM_CMD_OPTIONS_SET, plus AF_PACKET sendto() on a team device with
> forced carrier and no ports.
> 
>  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
>  Oops: 0010 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI
>  RIP: 0010:0x0
>  Call Trace:
>   team_xmit (drivers/net/team/team_core.c:1853)
>   dev_hard_start_xmit (net/core/dev.c:3904)
>   __dev_queue_xmit (net/core/dev.c:4871)
>   packet_sendmsg (net/packet/af_packet.c:3109)
>   __sys_sendto (net/socket.c:2265)
> 
> Fix this on the writer side by replacing the memset()/memcpy() with
> per-field updates that keep transmit and receive always valid via
> smp_store_release(), paired with smp_load_acquire() on the reader
> side. A synchronize_net() before exit_op() drains in-flight readers
> before tearing down mode state.

Barriers are between things. What are the release / acquire barriers
synchronizing.

> Fixes: 3d249d4ca7d0 ("net: introduce ethernet teaming device")
> Reported-by: Xiang Mei <xmei5@asu.edu>
> Signed-off-by: Weiming Shi <bestswngs@gmail.com>
> ---
> v2:
>  - Move fix from data path (reader-side NULL fallback) to
>    configuration path (writer-side per-field updates), as suggested
>    by the reviewer.
>  - Use smp_store_release()/smp_load_acquire() instead of plain
>    stores/loads for proper ordering on weakly-ordered architectures.
>  - Add synchronize_net() before exit_op() to drain in-flight readers
>    and prevent use-after-free of mode private state.
> 
>  drivers/net/team/team_core.c | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
>  1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/net/team/team_core.c b/drivers/net/team/team_core.c
> index 0c87f9972..dabee3aa7 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/team/team_core.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/team/team_core.c
> @@ -534,21 +534,22 @@ static void team_adjust_ops(struct team *team)
>  
>  	if (!team->tx_en_port_count || !team_is_mode_set(team) ||
>  	    !team->mode->ops->transmit)
> -		team->ops.transmit = team_dummy_transmit;
> +		smp_store_release(&team->ops.transmit, team_dummy_transmit);
>  	else
> -		team->ops.transmit = team->mode->ops->transmit;
> +		smp_store_release(&team->ops.transmit, team->mode->ops->transmit);
>  
>  	if (!team->rx_en_port_count || !team_is_mode_set(team) ||
>  	    !team->mode->ops->receive)
> -		team->ops.receive = team_dummy_receive;
> +		smp_store_release(&team->ops.receive, team_dummy_receive);
>  	else
> -		team->ops.receive = team->mode->ops->receive;
> +		smp_store_release(&team->ops.receive, team->mode->ops->receive);
>  }
>  
>  /*
> - * We can benefit from the fact that it's ensured no port is present
> - * at the time of mode change. Therefore no packets are in fly so there's no
> - * need to set mode operations in any special way.
> + * team_change_mode() ensures no ports are present during mode change,
> + * but lockless readers (AF_PACKET) can still reach team_xmit(). Use

Why is AF_PACKET relevant here??

> + * smp_store_release() to publish safe dummy handlers before teardown,
> + * and synchronize_net() to drain in-flight readers.
>   */
>  static int __team_change_mode(struct team *team,
>  			      const struct team_mode *new_mode)
> @@ -557,9 +558,23 @@ static int __team_change_mode(struct team *team,
>  	if (team_is_mode_set(team)) {
>  		void (*exit_op)(struct team *team) = team->ops.exit;
>  
> -		/* Clear ops area so no callback is called any longer */
> -		memset(&team->ops, 0, sizeof(struct team_mode_ops));
> -		team_adjust_ops(team);
> +		/* Install dummy handlers for locklessly-read hot-path ops
> +		 * first, then clear cold-path ops that are only used under
> +		 * RTNL.
> +		 */
> +		smp_store_release(&team->ops.transmit, team_dummy_transmit);
> +		smp_store_release(&team->ops.receive, team_dummy_receive);
> +		team->ops.init = NULL;
> +		team->ops.exit = NULL;
> +		team->ops.port_enter = NULL;
> +		team->ops.port_leave = NULL;
> +		team->ops.port_change_dev_addr = NULL;
> +		team->ops.port_tx_disabled = NULL;
> +
> +		/* Ensure in-flight readers using old handlers have finished
> +		 * before tearing down mode state they may depend on.
> +		 */
> +		synchronize_net();
>  
>  		if (exit_op)
>  			exit_op(team);
> @@ -582,7 +597,12 @@ static int __team_change_mode(struct team *team,
>  	}
>  
>  	team->mode = new_mode;
> -	memcpy(&team->ops, new_mode->ops, sizeof(struct team_mode_ops));
> +	team->ops.init = new_mode->ops->init;
> +	team->ops.exit = new_mode->ops->exit;
> +	team->ops.port_enter = new_mode->ops->port_enter;
> +	team->ops.port_leave = new_mode->ops->port_leave;
> +	team->ops.port_change_dev_addr = new_mode->ops->port_change_dev_addr;
> +	team->ops.port_tx_disabled = new_mode->ops->port_tx_disabled;
>  	team_adjust_ops(team);
>  
>  	return 0;
> @@ -743,7 +763,7 @@ static rx_handler_result_t team_handle_frame(struct sk_buff **pskb)
>  		/* allow exact match delivery for disabled ports */
>  		res = RX_HANDLER_EXACT;
>  	} else {
> -		res = team->ops.receive(team, port, skb);
> +		res = smp_load_acquire(&team->ops.receive)(team, port, skb);
>  	}
>  	if (res == RX_HANDLER_ANOTHER) {
>  		struct team_pcpu_stats *pcpu_stats;
> @@ -1845,7 +1865,7 @@ static netdev_tx_t team_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
>  
>  	tx_success = team_queue_override_transmit(team, skb);
>  	if (!tx_success)
> -		tx_success = team->ops.transmit(team, skb);
> +		tx_success = smp_load_acquire(&team->ops.transmit)(team, skb);
>  	if (tx_success) {
>  		struct team_pcpu_stats *pcpu_stats;
>  
-- 
pw-bot: cr

Re: [PATCH net v2] net: team: fix NULL pointer dereference in team_xmit during mode change

[Weiming Shi]

On 26-05-10 08:25, Jakub Kicinski wrote:
> On Sat,  9 May 2026 11:18:26 -0700 Weiming Shi wrote:
> > __team_change_mode() clears team->ops with memset() before restoring
> > safe dummy handlers via team_adjust_ops(). A concurrent team_xmit()
> > running under RCU on another CPU can read team->ops.transmit during
> > this window and call a NULL function pointer, crashing the kernel.
> > 
> > The race requires CAP_NET_ADMIN (in init_user_ns) to trigger via
> > TEAM_CMD_OPTIONS_SET, plus AF_PACKET sendto() on a team device with
> > forced carrier and no ports.
> > 
> >  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
> >  Oops: 0010 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI
> >  RIP: 0010:0x0
> >  Call Trace:
> >   team_xmit (drivers/net/team/team_core.c:1853)
> >   dev_hard_start_xmit (net/core/dev.c:3904)
> >   __dev_queue_xmit (net/core/dev.c:4871)
> >   packet_sendmsg (net/packet/af_packet.c:3109)
> >   __sys_sendto (net/socket.c:2265)
> > 
> > Fix this on the writer side by replacing the memset()/memcpy() with
> > per-field updates that keep transmit and receive always valid via
> > smp_store_release(), paired with smp_load_acquire() on the reader
> > side. A synchronize_net() before exit_op() drains in-flight readers
> > before tearing down mode state.
> 
> Barriers are between things. What are the release / acquire barriers
> synchronizing.

The handler function pointer against the mode_priv state it operates
on.  On setup, init() writes mode_priv, then smp_store_release()
publishes the real handler - the paired smp_load_acquire() in the
reader ensures the handler sees that state.  On teardown,
smp_store_release() publishes the dummy before synchronize_net()
drains readers, so exit_op() won't tear down state under an
in-flight reader.

> 
> > Fixes: 3d249d4ca7d0 ("net: introduce ethernet teaming device")
> > Reported-by: Xiang Mei <xmei5@asu.edu>
> > Signed-off-by: Weiming Shi <bestswngs@gmail.com>
> > ---
> > v2:
> >  - Move fix from data path (reader-side NULL fallback) to
> >    configuration path (writer-side per-field updates), as suggested
> >    by the reviewer.
> >  - Use smp_store_release()/smp_load_acquire() instead of plain
> >    stores/loads for proper ordering on weakly-ordered architectures.
> >  - Add synchronize_net() before exit_op() to drain in-flight readers
> >    and prevent use-after-free of mode private state.
> > 
> >  drivers/net/team/team_core.c | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
> >  1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
> > 
> > diff --git a/drivers/net/team/team_core.c b/drivers/net/team/team_core.c
> > index 0c87f9972..dabee3aa7 100644
> > --- a/drivers/net/team/team_core.c
> > +++ b/drivers/net/team/team_core.c
> > @@ -534,21 +534,22 @@ static void team_adjust_ops(struct team *team)
> >  
> >  	if (!team->tx_en_port_count || !team_is_mode_set(team) ||
> >  	    !team->mode->ops->transmit)
> > -		team->ops.transmit = team_dummy_transmit;
> > +		smp_store_release(&team->ops.transmit, team_dummy_transmit);
> >  	else
> > -		team->ops.transmit = team->mode->ops->transmit;
> > +		smp_store_release(&team->ops.transmit, team->mode->ops->transmit);
> >  
> >  	if (!team->rx_en_port_count || !team_is_mode_set(team) ||
> >  	    !team->mode->ops->receive)
> > -		team->ops.receive = team_dummy_receive;
> > +		smp_store_release(&team->ops.receive, team_dummy_receive);
> >  	else
> > -		team->ops.receive = team->mode->ops->receive;
> > +		smp_store_release(&team->ops.receive, team->mode->ops->receive);
> >  }
> >  
> >  /*
> > - * We can benefit from the fact that it's ensured no port is present
> > - * at the time of mode change. Therefore no packets are in fly so there's no
> > - * need to set mode operations in any special way.
> > + * team_change_mode() ensures no ports are present during mode change,
> > + * but lockless readers (AF_PACKET) can still reach team_xmit(). Use
> 
> Why is AF_PACKET relevant here??
> 

Not specific to the bug, just a reproducer detail.  Dropped.

Sending v3 with the updated changelog shortly.

> > + * smp_store_release() to publish safe dummy handlers before teardown,
> > + * and synchronize_net() to drain in-flight readers.
> >   */
> >  static int __team_change_mode(struct team *team,
> >  			      const struct team_mode *new_mode)
> > @@ -557,9 +558,23 @@ static int __team_change_mode(struct team *team,
> >  	if (team_is_mode_set(team)) {
> >  		void (*exit_op)(struct team *team) = team->ops.exit;
> >  
> > -		/* Clear ops area so no callback is called any longer */
> > -		memset(&team->ops, 0, sizeof(struct team_mode_ops));
> > -		team_adjust_ops(team);
> > +		/* Install dummy handlers for locklessly-read hot-path ops
> > +		 * first, then clear cold-path ops that are only used under
> > +		 * RTNL.
> > +		 */
> > +		smp_store_release(&team->ops.transmit, team_dummy_transmit);
> > +		smp_store_release(&team->ops.receive, team_dummy_receive);
> > +		team->ops.init = NULL;
> > +		team->ops.exit = NULL;
> > +		team->ops.port_enter = NULL;
> > +		team->ops.port_leave = NULL;
> > +		team->ops.port_change_dev_addr = NULL;
> > +		team->ops.port_tx_disabled = NULL;
> > +
> > +		/* Ensure in-flight readers using old handlers have finished
> > +		 * before tearing down mode state they may depend on.
> > +		 */
> > +		synchronize_net();
> >  
> >  		if (exit_op)
> >  			exit_op(team);
> > @@ -582,7 +597,12 @@ static int __team_change_mode(struct team *team,
> >  	}
> >  
> >  	team->mode = new_mode;
> > -	memcpy(&team->ops, new_mode->ops, sizeof(struct team_mode_ops));
> > +	team->ops.init = new_mode->ops->init;
> > +	team->ops.exit = new_mode->ops->exit;
> > +	team->ops.port_enter = new_mode->ops->port_enter;
> > +	team->ops.port_leave = new_mode->ops->port_leave;
> > +	team->ops.port_change_dev_addr = new_mode->ops->port_change_dev_addr;
> > +	team->ops.port_tx_disabled = new_mode->ops->port_tx_disabled;
> >  	team_adjust_ops(team);
> >  
> >  	return 0;
> > @@ -743,7 +763,7 @@ static rx_handler_result_t team_handle_frame(struct sk_buff **pskb)
> >  		/* allow exact match delivery for disabled ports */
> >  		res = RX_HANDLER_EXACT;
> >  	} else {
> > -		res = team->ops.receive(team, port, skb);
> > +		res = smp_load_acquire(&team->ops.receive)(team, port, skb);
> >  	}
> >  	if (res == RX_HANDLER_ANOTHER) {
> >  		struct team_pcpu_stats *pcpu_stats;
> > @@ -1845,7 +1865,7 @@ static netdev_tx_t team_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
> >  
> >  	tx_success = team_queue_override_transmit(team, skb);
> >  	if (!tx_success)
> > -		tx_success = team->ops.transmit(team, skb);
> > +		tx_success = smp_load_acquire(&team->ops.transmit)(team, skb);
> >  	if (tx_success) {
> >  		struct team_pcpu_stats *pcpu_stats;
> >  
> -- 
> pw-bot: cr

Re: [PATCH net v2] net: team: fix NULL pointer dereference in team_xmit during mode change

[Jakub Kicinski]

On Mon, 11 May 2026 00:06:50 +0800 Weiming Shi wrote:
> > Barriers are between things. What are the release / acquire barriers
> > synchronizing.  
> 
> The handler function pointer against the mode_priv state it operates
> on.  On setup, init() writes mode_priv, then smp_store_release()
> publishes the real handler - the paired smp_load_acquire() in the
> reader ensures the handler sees that state.  On teardown,
> smp_store_release() publishes the dummy before synchronize_net()
> drains readers, so exit_op() won't tear down state under an
> in-flight reader.

Still does not make sense to me. You already add sync_net().
And if it's possible to switch from dummy to non-dummy mode
the ordering is inverted.

> > Why is AF_PACKET relevant here??
> >   
> 
> Not specific to the bug, just a reproducer detail.  Dropped.
> 
> Sending v3 with the updated changelog shortly.

Please don't rush new versions out.