+ mm-fix-__vm_normal_page-to-handle-missing-support-for-pmd_special-pud_special.patch added to mm-hotfixes-unstable branch

+ mm-fix-__vm_normal_page-to-handle-missing-support-for-pmd_special-pud_special.patch added to mm-hotfixes-unstable branch

[Andrew Morton]

The patch titled
     Subject: mm: fix __vm_normal_page() to handle missing support for pmd_special()/pud_special()
has been added to the -mm mm-hotfixes-unstable branch.  Its filename is
     mm-fix-__vm_normal_page-to-handle-missing-support-for-pmd_special-pud_special.patch

This patch will shortly appear at
     https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/25-new.git/tree/patches/mm-fix-__vm_normal_page-to-handle-missing-support-for-pmd_special-pud_special.patch

This patch will later appear in the mm-hotfixes-unstable branch at
    git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

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------------------------------------------------------
From: "David Hildenbrand (Arm)" <david@kernel.org>
Subject: mm: fix __vm_normal_page() to handle missing support for pmd_special()/pud_special()
Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2026 13:31:22 +0200

On x86 32-bit with THP enabled, zap_huge_pmd() is seen to generate a
"WARNING: mm/memory.c:735 at __vm_normal_page+0x6a/0x7d", from the
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(is_zero_pfn(pfn) || is_huge_zero_pfn(pfn)); followed by
"BUG: Bad rss-counter state"s, then later "BUG: Bad page state"s when
reclaim gets to call shrink_huge_zero_folio_scan().

It's as if the _PAGE_SPECIAL bit never got set in the huge_zero pmd: and
indeed, whereas pte_special() and pte_mkspecial() are subject to a
dedicated CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL, pmd_special() and pmd_mkspecial()
are subject to CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_PMD_PFNMAP, which is never enabled on
any 32-bit architecture.

While the problem was exposed through commit d80a9cb1a64a
("mm/huge_memory: add and use normal_or_softleaf_folio_pmd()"), it was an
oversight in commit af38538801c6 ("mm/memory: factor out common code from
vm_normal_page_*()") and would result in other problems:
* huge zero folio accounted in smaps, pagemap (PAGE_IS_FILE) and
  numamaps as file-backed THP
* folio_walk_start() returning the folio even without FW_ZEROPAGE set.
  Callers seem to tolerate that, though.

... and triggering the VM_WARN_ON_ONE(), although never reported so far.

To fix it, teach vm_normal_page_pmd()/vm_normal_page_pud() to consider
whether pmd_special/pud_special is actually implemented.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260430-pmd_special-v1-1-dbcbcfd72c20@kernel.org
Fixes: af38538801c6 ("mm/memory: factor out common code from vm_normal_page_*()")
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/74a75b59-2e13-3985-ee99-d5521f39df2a@google.com
Reported-by: Bibo Mao <maobibo@loongson.cn>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260430041121.2839350-1-maobibo@loongson.cn
Debugged-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>
Tested-by: Bibo Mao <maobibo@loongson.cn>
Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
---

 mm/memory.c |   22 +++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

--- a/mm/memory.c~mm-fix-__vm_normal_page-to-handle-missing-support-for-pmd_special-pud_special
+++ a/mm/memory.c
@@ -612,6 +612,21 @@ static void print_bad_page_map(struct vm
 	dump_stack();
 	add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE);
 }
+
+static inline bool pgtable_level_has_pxx_special(enum pgtable_level level)
+{
+	switch (level) {
+	case PGTABLE_LEVEL_PTE:
+		return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL);
+	case PGTABLE_LEVEL_PMD:
+		return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_PMD_PFNMAP);
+	case PGTABLE_LEVEL_PUD:
+		return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_PUD_PFNMAP);
+	default:
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
 #define print_bad_pte(vma, addr, pte, page) \
 	print_bad_page_map(vma, addr, pte_val(pte), page, PGTABLE_LEVEL_PTE)
 
@@ -684,7 +699,7 @@ static inline struct page *__vm_normal_p
 		unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn, bool special,
 		unsigned long long entry, enum pgtable_level level)
 {
-	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL)) {
+	if (pgtable_level_has_pxx_special(level)) {
 		if (unlikely(special)) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_FIND_NORMAL_PAGE
 			if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->find_normal_page)
@@ -699,8 +714,9 @@ static inline struct page *__vm_normal_p
 			return NULL;
 		}
 		/*
-		 * With CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL, any special page table
-		 * mappings (incl. shared zero folios) are marked accordingly.
+		 * With working pte_special()/pmd_special()..., any special page
+		 * table mappings (incl. shared zero folios) are marked
+		 * accordingly.
 		 */
 	} else {
 		if (unlikely(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP | VM_MIXEDMAP))) {
_

Patches currently in -mm which might be from david@kernel.org are

mm-page_alloc-fix-initialization-of-tags-of-the-huge-zero-folio-with-init_on_free.patch
mm-fix-__vm_normal_page-to-handle-missing-support-for-pmd_special-pud_special.patch
sh-use-folio_mapped-instead-of-page_mapped-in-sh4_flush_cache_page.patch
bpf-arena-use-page_ref_count-instead-of-page_mapped-in-arena_free_pages.patch
mm-remove-page_mapped.patch