[PATCH v7 01/10] s390/vfio_ccw: free all memory if cp_init() fails

[PATCH v7 01/10] s390/vfio_ccw: free all memory if cp_init() fails

[Eric Farman]

The routine cp_free() is called to unpin/free any memory once an I/O
is completed successfully, or if cp_prefetch() fails. But if cp_init()
fails, and cp->initialized is not enabled, the same routine cannot be
used to free all the memory.

An attempt to address this exists in ccwchain_handle_ccw(), where a
single call to ccwchain_free() is made for the currently-processed
CCW segment. But this will leak other segments (created as a result
of a Transfer in Channel) that had been allocated as part of the same
channel program.

Address this by performing the cleanup outside of the recursive
ccwchain_handle_ccw()/ccwchain_loop_tic() logic.

Fixes: 8b515be512a2 ("vfio-ccw: Fix memory leak and don't call cp_free in cp_init")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Farhan Ali<alifm@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
---
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c | 22 ++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
index 7561aa7d3e01..086d1b54bdb0 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
@@ -455,9 +455,6 @@ static int ccwchain_handle_ccw(dma32_t cda, struct channel_program *cp)
 	/* Loop for tics on this new chain. */
 	ret = ccwchain_loop_tic(chain, cp);
 
-	if (ret)
-		ccwchain_free(chain);
-
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -486,6 +483,23 @@ static int ccwchain_loop_tic(struct ccwchain *chain, struct channel_program *cp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int ccwchain_build_ccws(dma32_t cda, struct channel_program *cp)
+{
+	struct ccwchain *chain, *temp;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = ccwchain_handle_ccw(cda, cp);
+
+	if (ret) {
+		/* Cleanup if an error occurred */
+		list_for_each_entry_safe(chain, temp, &cp->ccwchain_list, next) {
+			ccwchain_free(chain);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int ccwchain_fetch_tic(struct ccw1 *ccw,
 			      struct channel_program *cp)
 {
@@ -735,7 +749,7 @@ int cp_init(struct channel_program *cp, union orb *orb)
 	memcpy(&cp->orb, orb, sizeof(*orb));
 
 	/* Build a ccwchain for the first CCW segment */
-	ret = ccwchain_handle_ccw(orb->cmd.cpa, cp);
+	ret = ccwchain_build_ccws(orb->cmd.cpa, cp);
 
 	if (!ret)
 		cp->initialized = true;
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v7 02/10] s390/vfio_ccw: limit the number of channel program segments

[Eric Farman]

The processing of channel programs, and the CCWs within them, is done
recursively. As such, there is an arbitrary (but not architectural)
limit to the number of CCWs that can exist in a single channel program.

The vfio-ccw logic breaks these channel programs into segments whenever
it encounters a Transfer-In-Channel (TIC) CCW, and the combined number
of segments count towards the global limit. Impose an equivalent limit
to the number of segments until such logic can be made non-recursive.

Fixes: 0a19e61e6d4c ("vfio: ccw: introduce channel program interfaces")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
---
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c | 6 ++++++
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h | 8 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
index 086d1b54bdb0..1c2890d139c6 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
@@ -332,6 +332,7 @@ static struct ccwchain *ccwchain_alloc(struct channel_program *cp, int len)
 		goto out_err;
 
 	list_add_tail(&chain->next, &cp->ccwchain_list);
+	cp->ccwchain_count++;
 
 	return chain;
 
@@ -441,6 +442,10 @@ static int ccwchain_handle_ccw(dma32_t cda, struct channel_program *cp)
 	if (len < 0)
 		return len;
 
+	/* Limit number of chains in a single channel program */
+	if (cp->ccwchain_count >= CCWCHAIN_COUNT_MAX)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	/* Need alloc a new chain for this one. */
 	chain = ccwchain_alloc(cp, len);
 	if (!chain)
@@ -745,6 +750,7 @@ int cp_init(struct channel_program *cp, union orb *orb)
 			vdev->dev,
 			"Prefetching channel program even though prefetch not specified in ORB");
 
+	cp->ccwchain_count = 0;
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cp->ccwchain_list);
 	memcpy(&cp->orb, orb, sizeof(*orb));
 
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h
index fc31eb699807..a9b1d8dbc6f6 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h
@@ -23,11 +23,18 @@
  */
 #define CCWCHAIN_LEN_MAX	256
 
+/*
+ * Maximum number of chains
+ */
+#define CCWCHAIN_COUNT_MAX	16
+
 /**
  * struct channel_program - manage information for channel program
  * @ccwchain_list: list head of ccwchains
  * @orb: orb for the currently processed ssch request
  * @initialized: whether this instance is actually initialized
+ * @guest_cp: copy of guest channel program
+ * @ccwchain_count: number of channel program segments (linked by TIC)
  *
  * @ccwchain_list is the head of a ccwchain list, that contents the
  * translated result of the guest channel program that pointed out by
@@ -38,6 +45,7 @@ struct channel_program {
 	union orb orb;
 	bool initialized;
 	struct ccw1 *guest_cp;
+	unsigned int ccwchain_count;
 };
 
 int cp_init(struct channel_program *cp, union orb *orb);
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v7 03/10] s390/vfio_ccw: fix out of bounds check on CCW array

[Eric Farman]

The routine ccwchain_calc_length() counts the number of channel
command words (CCWs) that are chained together in a single channel
program, and rejects anything larger than CCWCHAIN_LEN_MAX (256) CCWs.

The loop itself is "do..while (count < 257)", and while the logic in
is_cpa_within_range() correctly adjusts between the 0-index array of
CCWs and the count of CCWs starting at 1, this means it would look
at a possible 257th CCW before ending the loop and (correctly)
returning an error.

Fix this by restructuring the loop to break as soon as 256 CCWs
(thus indexes 0-255) are examined, without looking at memory
outside the range.

Fixes: 0a19e61e6d4c ("vfio: ccw: introduce channel program interfaces")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
---
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c | 17 +++++------------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
index 1c2890d139c6..af632f9d5453 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
@@ -377,11 +377,9 @@ static void ccwchain_cda_free(struct ccwchain *chain, int idx)
 static int ccwchain_calc_length(u64 iova, struct channel_program *cp)
 {
 	struct ccw1 *ccw = cp->guest_cp;
-	int cnt = 0;
-
-	do {
-		cnt++;
+	int cnt;
 
+	for (cnt = 1; cnt <= CCWCHAIN_LEN_MAX; cnt++, ccw++) {
 		/*
 		 * We want to keep counting if the current CCW has the
 		 * command-chaining flag enabled, or if it is a TIC CCW
@@ -391,15 +389,10 @@ static int ccwchain_calc_length(u64 iova, struct channel_program *cp)
 		 * after the TIC, depending on the results of its operation.
 		 */
 		if (!ccw_is_chain(ccw) && !is_tic_within_range(ccw, iova, cnt))
-			break;
-
-		ccw++;
-	} while (cnt < CCWCHAIN_LEN_MAX + 1);
-
-	if (cnt == CCWCHAIN_LEN_MAX + 1)
-		cnt = -EINVAL;
+			return cnt;
+	}
 
-	return cnt;
+	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
 static int tic_target_chain_exists(struct ccw1 *tic, struct channel_program *cp)
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v7 04/10] s390/vfio_ccw: ensure first IDAW remains constant

[Eric Farman]

The first IDAW in a list does not need to be on a 2K/4K boundary
like all others, and so is read separately to accurately calculate
the size of the buffer needed to read the full IDAL.

Verify that the address found in the first IDAW is unchanged between
reads, to ensure a consistent set of IDAWs being worked with.

Fixes: 01aa26c672c0 ("s390/cio: Combine direct and indirect CCW paths")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
---
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
index af632f9d5453..6275794751cb 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
@@ -523,6 +523,7 @@ static dma64_t *get_guest_idal(struct ccw1 *ccw, struct channel_program *cp, int
 		&container_of(cp, struct vfio_ccw_private, cp)->vdev;
 	dma64_t *idaws;
 	dma32_t *idaws_f1;
+	u64 first_idaw;
 	int idal_len = idaw_nr * sizeof(*idaws);
 	int idaw_size = idal_is_2k(cp) ? PAGE_SIZE / 2 : PAGE_SIZE;
 	int idaw_mask = ~(idaw_size - 1);
@@ -539,6 +540,18 @@ static dma64_t *get_guest_idal(struct ccw1 *ccw, struct channel_program *cp, int
 			kfree(idaws);
 			return ERR_PTR(ret);
 		}
+
+		idaws_f1 = (dma32_t *)idaws;
+		if (cp->orb.cmd.c64)
+			first_idaw = dma64_to_u64(idaws[0]);
+		else
+			first_idaw = dma32_to_u32(idaws_f1[0]);
+
+		/* Unexpected mismatch from earlier read */
+		if (first_idaw != cp->guest_iova) {
+			kfree(idaws);
+			return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+		}
 	} else {
 		/* Fabricate an IDAL based off CCW data address */
 		if (cp->orb.cmd.c64) {
@@ -604,6 +617,9 @@ static int ccw_count_idaws(struct ccw1 *ccw,
 		iova = dma32_to_u32(ccw->cda);
 	}
 
+	/* Save the read address for later */
+	cp->guest_iova = iova;
+
 	/* Format-1 IDAWs operate on 2K each */
 	if (!cp->orb.cmd.c64)
 		return idal_2k_nr_words((void *)iova, bytes);
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h
index a9b1d8dbc6f6..9af98ff12d67 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
  * @initialized: whether this instance is actually initialized
  * @guest_cp: copy of guest channel program
  * @ccwchain_count: number of channel program segments (linked by TIC)
+ * @guest_iova: first data address of a guest channel program
  *
  * @ccwchain_list is the head of a ccwchain list, that contents the
  * translated result of the guest channel program that pointed out by
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ struct channel_program {
 	bool initialized;
 	struct ccw1 *guest_cp;
 	unsigned int ccwchain_count;
+	u64 guest_iova;
 };
 
 int cp_init(struct channel_program *cp, union orb *orb);
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v7 05/10] s390/vfio_ccw: calculate idal length based on idaw type

[Eric Farman]

Sashiko pointed out that get_guest_idal() unconditionally calculates
the length of the IDAL presuming everything is a Format-2 IDAW.

The output of vfio-ccw is always Format-2, but the input can be either
Format-1 (31-bit addresses) or Format-2 (64-bit addresses). As a result,
the size of the guest IDAL may be incorrect and should be trimmed down.

Reported-by: sashiko-bot <sashiko-bot@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260720203400.7328E1F000E9@smtp.kernel.org/
Fixes: 1b676fe3d9d3 ("vfio/ccw: handle a guest Format-1 IDAL")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
---
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
index 6275794751cb..5ef082b8289a 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ static void convert_ccw0_to_ccw1(struct ccw1 *source, unsigned long len)
 }
 
 #define idal_is_2k(_cp) (!(_cp)->orb.cmd.c64 || (_cp)->orb.cmd.i2k)
+#define get_idaw_size(_cp) ((_cp)->orb.cmd.c64 ? sizeof(u64) : sizeof(u32))
 
 /*
  * Helpers to operate ccwchain.
@@ -524,7 +525,7 @@ static dma64_t *get_guest_idal(struct ccw1 *ccw, struct channel_program *cp, int
 	dma64_t *idaws;
 	dma32_t *idaws_f1;
 	u64 first_idaw;
-	int idal_len = idaw_nr * sizeof(*idaws);
+	int idal_len = idaw_nr * get_idaw_size(cp);
 	int idaw_size = idal_is_2k(cp) ? PAGE_SIZE / 2 : PAGE_SIZE;
 	int idaw_mask = ~(idaw_size - 1);
 	int i, ret;
@@ -593,7 +594,7 @@ static int ccw_count_idaws(struct ccw1 *ccw,
 	struct vfio_device *vdev =
 		&container_of(cp, struct vfio_ccw_private, cp)->vdev;
 	u64 iova;
-	int size = cp->orb.cmd.c64 ? sizeof(u64) : sizeof(u32);
+	int size = get_idaw_size(cp);
 	int ret;
 	int bytes = 1;
 
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v7 06/10] s390/vfio_ccw: ensure index for read/write regions are within range

[Eric Farman]

The introduction of the capability chain rightly clamped the
region indexes to the range of the capabilities itself, but
neglected to do so for the existing read/write regions which
should also be enforced.

Fixes: db8e5d17ac03 ("vfio-ccw: add capabilities chain")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
---
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_async.c | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c   | 15 +++++++++++++++
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c   |  7 +++----
 3 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_async.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_async.c
index 420d89ba7f83..4aff0b58fa5d 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_async.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_async.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <linux/vfio.h>
+#include <linux/nospec.h>
 
 #include "vfio_ccw_private.h"
 
@@ -24,11 +25,20 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_async_region_read(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	mutex_lock(&private->io_mutex);
+
+	if (i >= private->num_regions) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	i = array_index_nospec(i, private->num_regions);
 	region = private->region[i].data;
 	if (copy_to_user(buf, (void *)region + pos, count))
 		ret = -EFAULT;
 	else
 		ret = count;
+
+out_unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&private->io_mutex);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -48,6 +58,12 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_async_region_write(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 	if (!mutex_trylock(&private->io_mutex))
 		return -EAGAIN;
 
+	if (i >= private->num_regions) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	i = array_index_nospec(i, private->num_regions);
 	region = private->region[i].data;
 	if (copy_from_user((void *)region + pos, buf, count)) {
 		ret = -EFAULT;
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c
index 38c176cf6295..f3015132d4b5 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/nospec.h>
 #include <linux/vfio.h>
 #include "vfio_ccw_private.h"
 
@@ -26,6 +27,13 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_schib_region_read(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	mutex_lock(&private->io_mutex);
+
+	if (i >= private->num_regions) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	i = array_index_nospec(i, private->num_regions);
 	region = private->region[i].data;
 
 	if (cio_update_schib(sch)) {
@@ -97,6 +105,12 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_crw_region_read(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 		list_del(&crw->next);
 
 	mutex_lock(&private->io_mutex);
+	if (i >= private->num_regions) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	i = array_index_nospec(i, private->num_regions);
 	region = private->region[i].data;
 
 	if (crw)
@@ -109,6 +123,7 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_crw_region_read(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 
 	region->crw = 0;
 
+out:
 	mutex_unlock(&private->io_mutex);
 
 	kfree(crw);
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
index 45ec722d25ea..032a1cdf4df7 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
@@ -243,6 +243,7 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_mdev_read(struct vfio_device *vdev,
 		return vfio_ccw_mdev_read_io_region(private, buf, count, ppos);
 	default:
 		index -= VFIO_CCW_NUM_REGIONS;
+		index = array_index_nospec(index, private->num_regions);
 		return private->region[index].ops->read(private, buf, count,
 							ppos);
 	}
@@ -295,6 +296,7 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_mdev_write(struct vfio_device *vdev,
 		return vfio_ccw_mdev_write_io_region(private, buf, count, ppos);
 	default:
 		index -= VFIO_CCW_NUM_REGIONS;
+		index = array_index_nospec(index, private->num_regions);
 		return private->region[index].ops->write(private, buf, count,
 							 ppos);
 	}
@@ -338,11 +340,8 @@ static int vfio_ccw_mdev_ioctl_get_region_info(struct vfio_device *vdev,
 		    VFIO_CCW_NUM_REGIONS + private->num_regions)
 			return -EINVAL;
 
-		info->index = array_index_nospec(info->index,
-						 VFIO_CCW_NUM_REGIONS +
-						 private->num_regions);
-
 		i = info->index - VFIO_CCW_NUM_REGIONS;
+		i = array_index_nospec(i, private->num_regions);
 
 		info->offset = VFIO_CCW_INDEX_TO_OFFSET(info->index);
 		info->size = private->region[i].size;
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v7 07/10] s390/vfio_ccw: cancel existing workqueues

[Eric Farman]

The initialization of the io_work and crw_work workqueues begs the
question of whether they should be un-initialized. Add the corresponding
cleanup tags in _release_dev to ensure work isn't dispatched after
the private struct is free'd.

Suggested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>
Fixes: e5f84dbaea59 ("vfio: ccw: return I/O results asynchronously")
Fixes: 3f02cb2fd9d2 ("vfio-ccw: Wire up the CRW irq and CRW region")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
---
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
index 032a1cdf4df7..bd488e40e153 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
@@ -136,6 +136,10 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_release_dev(struct vfio_device *vdev)
 		kfree(crw);
 	}
 
+	/* Should be empty, but just in case */
+	cancel_work_sync(&private->io_work);
+	cancel_work_sync(&private->crw_work);
+
 	kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_crw_region, private->crw_region);
 	kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_schib_region, private->schib_region);
 	kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_cmd_region, private->cmd_region);
@@ -202,6 +206,10 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_close_device(struct vfio_device *vdev)
 		container_of(vdev, struct vfio_ccw_private, vdev);
 
 	vfio_ccw_fsm_event(private, VFIO_CCW_EVENT_CLOSE);
+
+	cancel_work_sync(&private->io_work);
+	cancel_work_sync(&private->crw_work);
+
 	vfio_ccw_unregister_dev_regions(private);
 }
 
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v7 08/10] s390/vfio_ccw: move cp cleanup out of not operational

[Eric Farman]

The fsm_notoper() routine is called when the device has been
lost, and is (by definition) no longer operational. Since this
can happen asynchronously from the normal behavior of the
driver, the cleanup may happen when holding other locks
in the calling sequence (notably, the cio subchannel lock).

Push the cleanup of the private->cp resources to a workqueue,
where it can be done out from under that lock sequence and
(soon) under its own serialization mechanism.

Fixes: 204b394a23ad ("vfio/ccw: Move FSM open/close to MDEV open/close")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
---
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c     | 9 +++++++++
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c     | 3 +--
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c     | 3 +++
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h | 3 +++
 4 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
index 1a095085bc72..c197ad5ab580 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
@@ -125,6 +125,15 @@ void vfio_ccw_crw_todo(struct work_struct *work)
 		eventfd_signal(private->crw_trigger);
 }
 
+void vfio_ccw_notoper_todo(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	struct vfio_ccw_private *private;
+
+	private = container_of(work, struct vfio_ccw_private, notoper_work);
+
+	cp_free(&private->cp);
+}
+
 /*
  * Css driver callbacks
  */
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
index 4d7988ea47ef..4d47a3c7b9a0 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
@@ -170,8 +170,7 @@ static void fsm_notoper(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 	css_sched_sch_todo(sch, SCH_TODO_UNREG);
 	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_NOT_OPER;
 
-	/* This is usually handled during CLOSE event */
-	cp_free(&private->cp);
+	queue_work(vfio_ccw_work_q, &private->notoper_work);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
index bd488e40e153..8ec6b175d991 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ static int vfio_ccw_mdev_init_dev(struct vfio_device *vdev)
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&private->crw);
 	INIT_WORK(&private->io_work, vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo);
 	INIT_WORK(&private->crw_work, vfio_ccw_crw_todo);
+	INIT_WORK(&private->notoper_work, vfio_ccw_notoper_todo);
 
 	private->cp.guest_cp = kzalloc_objs(struct ccw1, CCWCHAIN_LEN_MAX);
 	if (!private->cp.guest_cp)
@@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_release_dev(struct vfio_device *vdev)
 	/* Should be empty, but just in case */
 	cancel_work_sync(&private->io_work);
 	cancel_work_sync(&private->crw_work);
+	cancel_work_sync(&private->notoper_work);
 
 	kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_crw_region, private->crw_region);
 	kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_schib_region, private->schib_region);
@@ -209,6 +211,7 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_close_device(struct vfio_device *vdev)
 
 	cancel_work_sync(&private->io_work);
 	cancel_work_sync(&private->crw_work);
+	cancel_work_sync(&private->notoper_work);
 
 	vfio_ccw_unregister_dev_regions(private);
 }
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
index 0501d4bbcdbd..e2256402b089 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ struct vfio_ccw_parent {
  * @req_trigger: eventfd ctx for signaling userspace to return device
  * @io_work: work for deferral process of I/O handling
  * @crw_work: work for deferral process of CRW handling
+ * @notoper_work: work for deferred processing in not-operational state
  */
 struct vfio_ccw_private {
 	struct vfio_device vdev;
@@ -125,11 +126,13 @@ struct vfio_ccw_private {
 	struct eventfd_ctx	*req_trigger;
 	struct work_struct	io_work;
 	struct work_struct	crw_work;
+	struct work_struct	notoper_work;
 } __aligned(8);
 
 int vfio_ccw_sch_quiesce(struct subchannel *sch);
 void vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo(struct work_struct *work);
 void vfio_ccw_crw_todo(struct work_struct *work);
+void vfio_ccw_notoper_todo(struct work_struct *work);
 
 extern struct mdev_driver vfio_ccw_mdev_driver;
 
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v7 09/10] s390/vfio_ccw: selectively expand io_mutex

[Eric Farman]

The io_mutex was defined to serialize the io_regions, but then has
also sort of been associated with the I/O themselves because of
the close relationship they share.

With the handful of races that are possible, the choices are either to:
 A) expand the scope of io_mutex to close these remaining windows, or
 B) reduce the scope of io_mutex to just io_region, and introduce a new
    lock mechanism for the remaining I/O resources

This patch implements A, since B brings with it a lot more interactions
that would need to be tracked and kept in a correct hierarchy.

The biggest functional change is the introduction of a workqueue
element for the cp_free() called out of fsm_notoper(), which is could
be run in an interrupt context and thus cannot be acquiring mutexes.

Fixes: 4f76617378ee ("vfio-ccw: protect the I/O region")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
---
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c     | 2 +-
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c      | 8 +++++++-
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c     | 6 ++++--
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c     | 5 +++++
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h | 3 ++-
 5 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c
index f3015132d4b5..9269b54f5cfd 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c
@@ -98,13 +98,13 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_crw_region_read(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 	if (pos + count > sizeof(*region))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	mutex_lock(&private->io_mutex);
 	crw = list_first_entry_or_null(&private->crw,
 				       struct vfio_ccw_crw, next);
 
 	if (crw)
 		list_del(&crw->next);
 
-	mutex_lock(&private->io_mutex);
 	if (i >= private->num_regions) {
 		ret = -EINVAL;
 		goto out;
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
index 5ef082b8289a..58722c4baa25 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_cp.c
@@ -977,17 +977,23 @@ void cp_update_scsw(struct channel_program *cp, union scsw *scsw)
  */
 bool cp_iova_pinned(struct channel_program *cp, u64 iova, u64 length)
 {
+	struct vfio_ccw_private *private =
+		container_of(cp, struct vfio_ccw_private, cp);
 	struct ccwchain *chain;
 	int i;
 
 	if (!cp->initialized)
 		return false;
 
+	mutex_lock(&private->io_mutex);
 	list_for_each_entry(chain, &cp->ccwchain_list, next) {
 		for (i = 0; i < chain->ch_len; i++)
-			if (page_array_iova_pinned(&chain->ch_pa[i], iova, length))
+			if (page_array_iova_pinned(&chain->ch_pa[i], iova, length)) {
+				mutex_unlock(&private->io_mutex);
 				return true;
+			}
 	}
+	mutex_unlock(&private->io_mutex);
 
 	return false;
 }
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
index c197ad5ab580..757ff5b2556e 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ void vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo(struct work_struct *work)
 
 	is_final = !(scsw_actl(&irb->scsw) &
 		     (SCSW_ACTL_DEVACT | SCSW_ACTL_SCHACT));
+	mutex_lock(&private->io_mutex);
 	if (scsw_is_solicited(&irb->scsw)) {
 		cp_update_scsw(&private->cp, &irb->scsw);
 		if (is_final && private->state == VFIO_CCW_STATE_CP_PENDING) {
@@ -98,9 +99,7 @@ void vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo(struct work_struct *work)
 			cp_is_finished = true;
 		}
 	}
-	mutex_lock(&private->io_mutex);
 	memcpy(private->io_region->irb_area, irb, sizeof(*irb));
-	mutex_unlock(&private->io_mutex);
 
 	/*
 	 * Reset to IDLE only if processing of a channel program
@@ -110,6 +109,7 @@ void vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo(struct work_struct *work)
 	 */
 	if (cp_is_finished)
 		private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_IDLE;
+	mutex_unlock(&private->io_mutex);
 
 	if (private->io_trigger)
 		eventfd_signal(private->io_trigger);
@@ -131,7 +131,9 @@ void vfio_ccw_notoper_todo(struct work_struct *work)
 
 	private = container_of(work, struct vfio_ccw_private, notoper_work);
 
+	mutex_lock(&private->io_mutex);
 	cp_free(&private->cp);
+	mutex_unlock(&private->io_mutex);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
index 4d47a3c7b9a0..5fd94e9d5c61 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ static void fsm_notoper(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 	css_sched_sch_todo(sch, SCH_TODO_UNREG);
 	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_NOT_OPER;
 
+	/* This routine could be called from IRQ context, so defer */
 	queue_work(vfio_ccw_work_q, &private->notoper_work);
 }
 
@@ -409,7 +410,11 @@ static void fsm_close(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 
 	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_STANDBY;
 	spin_unlock_irq(&sch->lock);
+
+	mutex_lock(&private->io_mutex);
 	cp_free(&private->cp);
+	mutex_unlock(&private->io_mutex);
+
 	return;
 
 err_unlock:
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
index e2256402b089..739121116ab6 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ struct vfio_ccw_parent {
  * @state: internal state of the device
  * @completion: synchronization helper of the I/O completion
  * @io_region: MMIO region to input/output I/O arguments/results
- * @io_mutex: protect against concurrent update of I/O regions
+ * @io_mutex: protect against concurrent update of I/O resources
+ *            and @cp lifecycle
  * @region: additional regions for other subchannel operations
  * @cmd_region: MMIO region for asynchronous I/O commands other than START
  * @schib_region: MMIO region for SCHIB information
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v7 10/10] s390/vfio_ccw: implement a crw lock

[Eric Farman]

Unlike the channel_program struct, which covers synchronous I/O
submissions and asynchronous interrupts, the CRW region relies
exclusively on asynchronous events coming from hardware.

Implement a lock to manage the list of those payloads, to ensure
they are read cohesively.

Fixes: 3f02cb2fd9d2 ("vfio-ccw: Wire up the CRW irq and CRW region")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Farhan Ali <alifm@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
---
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c     | 26 ++++++++++++++++----------
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c     |  6 ++++++
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c     |  4 ++++
 drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h |  4 ++++
 4 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c
index 9269b54f5cfd..7708eb4d6de0 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c
@@ -93,18 +93,13 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_crw_region_read(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 	loff_t pos = *ppos & VFIO_CCW_OFFSET_MASK;
 	struct ccw_crw_region *region;
 	struct vfio_ccw_crw *crw;
+	unsigned long flags;
 	int ret;
 
 	if (pos + count > sizeof(*region))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	mutex_lock(&private->io_mutex);
-	crw = list_first_entry_or_null(&private->crw,
-				       struct vfio_ccw_crw, next);
-
-	if (crw)
-		list_del(&crw->next);
-
 	if (i >= private->num_regions) {
 		ret = -EINVAL;
 		goto out;
@@ -113,6 +108,16 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_crw_region_read(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 	i = array_index_nospec(i, private->num_regions);
 	region = private->region[i].data;
 
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&private->crw_lock, flags);
+	crw = list_first_entry_or_null(&private->crw,
+				       struct vfio_ccw_crw, next);
+
+	if (crw)
+		list_del(&crw->next);
+
+	/* Drop CRW lock while copying to userspace */
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&private->crw_lock, flags);
+
 	if (crw)
 		memcpy(&region->crw, &crw->crw, sizeof(region->crw));
 
@@ -122,15 +127,16 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_crw_region_read(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 		ret = count;
 
 	region->crw = 0;
-
-out:
-	mutex_unlock(&private->io_mutex);
-
 	kfree(crw);
 
 	/* Notify the guest if more CRWs are on our queue */
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&private->crw_lock, flags);
 	if (!list_empty(&private->crw) && private->crw_trigger)
 		eventfd_signal(private->crw_trigger);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&private->crw_lock, flags);
+
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&private->io_mutex);
 
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
index 757ff5b2556e..ab6b518cc353 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
@@ -118,11 +118,14 @@ void vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo(struct work_struct *work)
 void vfio_ccw_crw_todo(struct work_struct *work)
 {
 	struct vfio_ccw_private *private;
+	unsigned long flags;
 
 	private = container_of(work, struct vfio_ccw_private, crw_work);
 
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&private->crw_lock, flags);
 	if (!list_empty(&private->crw) && private->crw_trigger)
 		eventfd_signal(private->crw_trigger);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&private->crw_lock, flags);
 }
 
 void vfio_ccw_notoper_todo(struct work_struct *work)
@@ -286,6 +289,7 @@ static void vfio_ccw_queue_crw(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 			       unsigned int rsid)
 {
 	struct vfio_ccw_crw *crw;
+	unsigned long flags;
 
 	/*
 	 * If unable to allocate a CRW, just drop the event and
@@ -303,7 +307,9 @@ static void vfio_ccw_queue_crw(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
 	crw->crw.erc = erc;
 	crw->crw.rsid = rsid;
 
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&private->crw_lock, flags);
 	list_add_tail(&crw->next, &private->crw);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&private->crw_lock, flags);
 	queue_work(vfio_ccw_work_q, &private->crw_work);
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
index 8ec6b175d991..9cbb277b83fb 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ static int vfio_ccw_mdev_init_dev(struct vfio_device *vdev)
 	INIT_WORK(&private->io_work, vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo);
 	INIT_WORK(&private->crw_work, vfio_ccw_crw_todo);
 	INIT_WORK(&private->notoper_work, vfio_ccw_notoper_todo);
+	spin_lock_init(&private->crw_lock);
 
 	private->cp.guest_cp = kzalloc_objs(struct ccw1, CCWCHAIN_LEN_MAX);
 	if (!private->cp.guest_cp)
@@ -131,11 +132,14 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_release_dev(struct vfio_device *vdev)
 	struct vfio_ccw_private *private =
 		container_of(vdev, struct vfio_ccw_private, vdev);
 	struct vfio_ccw_crw *crw, *temp;
+	unsigned long flags;
 
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&private->crw_lock, flags);
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(crw, temp, &private->crw, next) {
 		list_del(&crw->next);
 		kfree(crw);
 	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&private->crw_lock, flags);
 
 	/* Should be empty, but just in case */
 	cancel_work_sync(&private->io_work);
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
index 739121116ab6..3bd0171d38d0 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ struct vfio_ccw_parent {
  * @cp: channel program for the current I/O operation
  * @irb: irb info received from interrupt
  * @scsw: scsw info
+ * @crw_lock: serialization of CRW list information
+ * @crw: list of Channel Report Word elements
  * @io_trigger: eventfd ctx for signaling userspace I/O results
  * @crw_trigger: eventfd ctx for signaling userspace CRW information
  * @req_trigger: eventfd ctx for signaling userspace to return device
@@ -120,6 +122,8 @@ struct vfio_ccw_private {
 	struct channel_program	cp;
 	struct irb		irb;
 	union scsw		scsw;
+
+	spinlock_t		crw_lock;
 	struct list_head	crw;
 
 	struct eventfd_ctx	*io_trigger;
-- 
2.53.0

Re: [PATCH v7 10/10] s390/vfio_ccw: implement a crw lock

[Farhan Ali]

On 7/27/2026 12:22 PM, Eric Farman wrote:
> Unlike the channel_program struct, which covers synchronous I/O
> submissions and asynchronous interrupts, the CRW region relies
> exclusively on asynchronous events coming from hardware.
>
> Implement a lock to manage the list of those payloads, to ensure
> they are read cohesively.
>
> Fixes: 3f02cb2fd9d2 ("vfio-ccw: Wire up the CRW irq and CRW region")
> Cc:stable@vger.kernel.org
> Cc: Farhan Ali<alifm@linux.ibm.com>
> Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato<mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>
> Signed-off-by: Eric Farman<farman@linux.ibm.com>
> ---
>   drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c     | 26 ++++++++++++++++----------
>   drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c     |  6 ++++++
>   drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c     |  4 ++++
>   drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h |  4 ++++
>   4 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Farhan Ali<alifm@linux.ibm.com>

Re: [PATCH v7 08/10] s390/vfio_ccw: move cp cleanup out of not operational

[Matthew Rosato]

On 7/27/26 3:22 PM, Eric Farman wrote:
> The fsm_notoper() routine is called when the device has been
> lost, and is (by definition) no longer operational. Since this
> can happen asynchronously from the normal behavior of the
> driver, the cleanup may happen when holding other locks
> in the calling sequence (notably, the cio subchannel lock).
> 
> Push the cleanup of the private->cp resources to a workqueue,
> where it can be done out from under that lock sequence and
> (soon) under its own serialization mechanism.

This part of the commit message needs updating now that you are not
introducing a cp_mutex.

> 
> Fixes: 204b394a23ad ("vfio/ccw: Move FSM open/close to MDEV open/close")
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
> ---
>  drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c     | 9 +++++++++
>  drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c     | 3 +--
>  drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c     | 3 +++
>  drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h | 3 +++
>  4 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
> index 1a095085bc72..c197ad5ab580 100644
> --- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
> +++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
> @@ -125,6 +125,15 @@ void vfio_ccw_crw_todo(struct work_struct *work)
>  		eventfd_signal(private->crw_trigger);
>  }
>  
> +void vfio_ccw_notoper_todo(struct work_struct *work)
> +{
> +	struct vfio_ccw_private *private;
> +
> +	private = container_of(work, struct vfio_ccw_private, notoper_work);
> +
> +	cp_free(&private->cp);
> +}
> +
>  /*
>   * Css driver callbacks
>   */
> diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
> index 4d7988ea47ef..4d47a3c7b9a0 100644
> --- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
> +++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
> @@ -170,8 +170,7 @@ static void fsm_notoper(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
>  	css_sched_sch_todo(sch, SCH_TODO_UNREG);
>  	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_NOT_OPER;
>  
> -	/* This is usually handled during CLOSE event */
> -	cp_free(&private->cp);
> +	queue_work(vfio_ccw_work_q, &private->notoper_work);
>  }
>  
>  /*
> diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
> index bd488e40e153..8ec6b175d991 100644
> --- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
> +++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
> @@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ static int vfio_ccw_mdev_init_dev(struct vfio_device *vdev)
>  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&private->crw);
>  	INIT_WORK(&private->io_work, vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo);
>  	INIT_WORK(&private->crw_work, vfio_ccw_crw_todo);
> +	INIT_WORK(&private->notoper_work, vfio_ccw_notoper_todo);
>  
>  	private->cp.guest_cp = kzalloc_objs(struct ccw1, CCWCHAIN_LEN_MAX);
>  	if (!private->cp.guest_cp)
> @@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_release_dev(struct vfio_device *vdev)
>  	/* Should be empty, but just in case */
>  	cancel_work_sync(&private->io_work);
>  	cancel_work_sync(&private->crw_work);
> +	cancel_work_sync(&private->notoper_work);

Sashiko mentions (and I agree) that you can accidentally leak the cp
resources if you manage to cancel the pending notoper_work before it runs.

Since you are not running on a workqueue thread, it should be OK to
flush instead to make sure that the pending item is executed.

A subsequent cancel should not be necessary, since we know that only 1
instance of vfio_ccw_notoper_todo() will ever be queued because we queue
it on the first time the device goes NOT_OPER.  Based on the FSM, once
the device goes NOT_OPER, subsequent transitions into NOT_OPER are
treated as a NOP and there is no way to transition to a different state
other than NOT_OPER until the device is released, so you can't go from
NOT_OPER->x->NOT_OPER.

Would probably be good to include a (less verbose) comment to that
effect along with the flush.

>  
>  	kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_crw_region, private->crw_region);
>  	kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_schib_region, private->schib_region);
> @@ -209,6 +211,7 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_close_device(struct vfio_device *vdev)
>  
>  	cancel_work_sync(&private->io_work);
>  	cancel_work_sync(&private->crw_work);
> +	cancel_work_sync(&private->notoper_work);
>  
>  	vfio_ccw_unregister_dev_regions(private);
>  }
> diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
> index 0501d4bbcdbd..e2256402b089 100644
> --- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
> +++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
> @@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ struct vfio_ccw_parent {
>   * @req_trigger: eventfd ctx for signaling userspace to return device
>   * @io_work: work for deferral process of I/O handling
>   * @crw_work: work for deferral process of CRW handling
> + * @notoper_work: work for deferred processing in not-operational state
>   */
>  struct vfio_ccw_private {
>  	struct vfio_device vdev;
> @@ -125,11 +126,13 @@ struct vfio_ccw_private {
>  	struct eventfd_ctx	*req_trigger;
>  	struct work_struct	io_work;
>  	struct work_struct	crw_work;
> +	struct work_struct	notoper_work;
>  } __aligned(8);
>  
>  int vfio_ccw_sch_quiesce(struct subchannel *sch);
>  void vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo(struct work_struct *work);
>  void vfio_ccw_crw_todo(struct work_struct *work);
> +void vfio_ccw_notoper_todo(struct work_struct *work);
>  
>  extern struct mdev_driver vfio_ccw_mdev_driver;
>  

Re: [PATCH v7 07/10] s390/vfio_ccw: cancel existing workqueues

[Matthew Rosato]

On 7/27/26 3:22 PM, Eric Farman wrote:
> The initialization of the io_work and crw_work workqueues begs the
> question of whether they should be un-initialized. Add the corresponding
> cleanup tags in _release_dev to ensure work isn't dispatched after
> the private struct is free'd.
> 
> Suggested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>
> Fixes: e5f84dbaea59 ("vfio: ccw: return I/O results asynchronously")
> Fixes: 3f02cb2fd9d2 ("vfio-ccw: Wire up the CRW irq and CRW region")
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
> ---
>  drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c | 8 ++++++++
>  1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
> index 032a1cdf4df7..bd488e40e153 100644
> --- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
> +++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
> @@ -136,6 +136,10 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_release_dev(struct vfio_device *vdev)
>  		kfree(crw);
>  	}
>  
> +	/* Should be empty, but just in case */
> +	cancel_work_sync(&private->io_work);
> +	cancel_work_sync(&private->crw_work);
> +

I think the sashiko report here means you should do the cancel work
prior to running the crw list.  I think actually patch 10 will resolve
this as well, but moving it a bit earlier in this patch would avoid
introducing the temporary regression in the first place.

>  	kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_crw_region, private->crw_region);
>  	kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_schib_region, private->schib_region);
>  	kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_cmd_region, private->cmd_region);
> @@ -202,6 +206,10 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_close_device(struct vfio_device *vdev)
>  		container_of(vdev, struct vfio_ccw_private, vdev);
>  
>  	vfio_ccw_fsm_event(private, VFIO_CCW_EVENT_CLOSE);
> +
> +	cancel_work_sync(&private->io_work);
> +	cancel_work_sync(&private->crw_work);
> +
>  	vfio_ccw_unregister_dev_regions(private);
>  }
>  

Re: [PATCH v7 08/10] s390/vfio_ccw: move cp cleanup out of not operational

[Eric Farman]

On 7/27/26 5:54 PM, Matthew Rosato wrote:
> On 7/27/26 3:22 PM, Eric Farman wrote:
>> The fsm_notoper() routine is called when the device has been
>> lost, and is (by definition) no longer operational. Since this
>> can happen asynchronously from the normal behavior of the
>> driver, the cleanup may happen when holding other locks
>> in the calling sequence (notably, the cio subchannel lock).
>>
>> Push the cleanup of the private->cp resources to a workqueue,
>> where it can be done out from under that lock sequence and
>> (soon) under its own serialization mechanism.
> 
> This part of the commit message needs updating now that you are not
> introducing a cp_mutex.
> 
>>
>> Fixes: 204b394a23ad ("vfio/ccw: Move FSM open/close to MDEV open/close")
>> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
>> Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com>
>> ---
>>   drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c     | 9 +++++++++
>>   drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c     | 3 +--
>>   drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c     | 3 +++
>>   drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h | 3 +++
>>   4 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
>> index 1a095085bc72..c197ad5ab580 100644
>> --- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
>> +++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
>> @@ -125,6 +125,15 @@ void vfio_ccw_crw_todo(struct work_struct *work)
>>   		eventfd_signal(private->crw_trigger);
>>   }
>>   
>> +void vfio_ccw_notoper_todo(struct work_struct *work)
>> +{
>> +	struct vfio_ccw_private *private;
>> +
>> +	private = container_of(work, struct vfio_ccw_private, notoper_work);
>> +
>> +	cp_free(&private->cp);
>> +}
>> +
>>   /*
>>    * Css driver callbacks
>>    */
>> diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
>> index 4d7988ea47ef..4d47a3c7b9a0 100644
>> --- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
>> +++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_fsm.c
>> @@ -170,8 +170,7 @@ static void fsm_notoper(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
>>   	css_sched_sch_todo(sch, SCH_TODO_UNREG);
>>   	private->state = VFIO_CCW_STATE_NOT_OPER;
>>   
>> -	/* This is usually handled during CLOSE event */
>> -	cp_free(&private->cp);
>> +	queue_work(vfio_ccw_work_q, &private->notoper_work);
>>   }
>>   
>>   /*
>> diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
>> index bd488e40e153..8ec6b175d991 100644
>> --- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
>> +++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
>> @@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ static int vfio_ccw_mdev_init_dev(struct vfio_device *vdev)
>>   	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&private->crw);
>>   	INIT_WORK(&private->io_work, vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo);
>>   	INIT_WORK(&private->crw_work, vfio_ccw_crw_todo);
>> +	INIT_WORK(&private->notoper_work, vfio_ccw_notoper_todo);
>>   
>>   	private->cp.guest_cp = kzalloc_objs(struct ccw1, CCWCHAIN_LEN_MAX);
>>   	if (!private->cp.guest_cp)
>> @@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_release_dev(struct vfio_device *vdev)
>>   	/* Should be empty, but just in case */
>>   	cancel_work_sync(&private->io_work);
>>   	cancel_work_sync(&private->crw_work);
>> +	cancel_work_sync(&private->notoper_work);
> 
> Sashiko mentions (and I agree) that you can accidentally leak the cp
> resources if you manage to cancel the pending notoper_work before it runs.
> 
> Since you are not running on a workqueue thread, it should be OK to
> flush instead to make sure that the pending item is executed.
> 
> A subsequent cancel should not be necessary, since we know that only 1
> instance of vfio_ccw_notoper_todo() will ever be queued because we queue
> it on the first time the device goes NOT_OPER.  Based on the FSM, once
> the device goes NOT_OPER, subsequent transitions into NOT_OPER are
> treated as a NOP and there is no way to transition to a different state
> other than NOT_OPER until the device is released, so you can't go from
> NOT_OPER->x->NOT_OPER.

Agreed, this should be flush not cancel.

Though, the piece where that's important is the call in close_dev, which 
is the counterpart to the open_device path which allows a cp to be 
queued in the first place. A close will have preceded a release, which 
means there will no longer be any cp's outstanding, and userspace will 
have been unable to submit new ones without performing another open.

The other two elements (io_work and crw_work) would be queued in 
response to a hardware event (an interrupt and a CRW, respectively), 
which could come asynchronously from all of this, so needs to be in both 
close and release.

> 
> Would probably be good to include a (less verbose) comment to that
> effect along with the flush.
> 

Agreed; thanks.

>>   
>>   	kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_crw_region, private->crw_region);
>>   	kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_schib_region, private->schib_region);
>> @@ -209,6 +211,7 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_close_device(struct vfio_device *vdev)
>>   
>>   	cancel_work_sync(&private->io_work);
>>   	cancel_work_sync(&private->crw_work);
>> +	cancel_work_sync(&private->notoper_work);
>>   
>>   	vfio_ccw_unregister_dev_regions(private);
>>   }
>> diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
>> index 0501d4bbcdbd..e2256402b089 100644
>> --- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
>> +++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
>> @@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ struct vfio_ccw_parent {
>>    * @req_trigger: eventfd ctx for signaling userspace to return device
>>    * @io_work: work for deferral process of I/O handling
>>    * @crw_work: work for deferral process of CRW handling
>> + * @notoper_work: work for deferred processing in not-operational state
>>    */
>>   struct vfio_ccw_private {
>>   	struct vfio_device vdev;
>> @@ -125,11 +126,13 @@ struct vfio_ccw_private {
>>   	struct eventfd_ctx	*req_trigger;
>>   	struct work_struct	io_work;
>>   	struct work_struct	crw_work;
>> +	struct work_struct	notoper_work;
>>   } __aligned(8);
>>   
>>   int vfio_ccw_sch_quiesce(struct subchannel *sch);
>>   void vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo(struct work_struct *work);
>>   void vfio_ccw_crw_todo(struct work_struct *work);
>> +void vfio_ccw_notoper_todo(struct work_struct *work);
>>   
>>   extern struct mdev_driver vfio_ccw_mdev_driver;
>>   
>