* [PATCH 5.15.y 2/7] mm/kmemleak: skip unlikely objects in kmemleak_scan() without taking lock
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 1/7] mm/kmemleak: use _irq lock/unlock variants in kmemleak_scan/_clear() Sasha Levin
@ 2026-09-03 18:47 ` Sasha Levin
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 3/7] mm/kmemleak: prevent soft lockup in first object iteration loop of kmemleak_scan() Sasha Levin
` (4 subsequent siblings)
5 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-09-03 18:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: stable
Cc: Waiman Long, Catalin Marinas, Muchun Song, Andrew Morton,
Sasha Levin
From: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
[ Upstream commit 64977918c2381aaadd544535708294213cc964f6 ]
There are 3 RCU-based object iteration loops in kmemleak_scan(). Because
of the need to take RCU read lock, we can't insert cond_resched() into the
loop like other parts of the function. As there can be millions of
objects to be scanned, it takes a while to iterate all of them. The
kmemleak functionality is usually enabled in a debug kernel which is much
slower than a non-debug kernel. With sufficient number of kmemleak
objects, the time to iterate them all may exceed 22s causing soft lockup.
watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#3 stuck for 22s! [kmemleak:625]
In this particular bug report, the soft lockup happen in the 2nd iteration
loop.
In the 2nd and 3rd loops, most of the objects are checked and then skipped
under the object lock. Only a selected fews are modified. Those objects
certainly need lock protection. However, the lock/unlock operation is
slow especially with interrupt disabling and enabling included.
We can actually do some basic check like color_white() without taking the
lock and skip the object accordingly. Of course, this kind of check is
racy and may miss objects that are being modified concurrently. The cost
of missed objects, however, is just that they will be discovered in the
next scan instead. The advantage of doing so is that iteration can be
done much faster especially with LOCKDEP enabled in a debug kernel.
With a debug kernel running on a 2-socket 96-thread x86-64 system
(HZ=1000), the 2nd and 3rd iteration loops speedup with this patch on the
first kmemleak_scan() call after bootup is shown in the table below.
Before patch After patch
Loop # # of objects Elapsed time # of objects Elapsed time
------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
2 2,599,850 2.392s 2,596,364 0.266s
3 2,600,176 2.171s 2,597,061 0.260s
This patch reduces loop iteration times by about 88%. This will greatly
reduce the chance of a soft lockup happening in the 2nd or 3rd iteration
loops.
Even though the first loop runs a little bit faster, it can still be
problematic if many kmemleak objects are there. As the object count has
to be modified in every object, we cannot avoid taking the object lock.
So other way to prevent soft lockup will be needed.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220614220359.59282-3-longman@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Stable-dep-of: 5d10d4e19e6d ("mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task stacks")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
mm/kmemleak.c | 14 ++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)
diff --git a/mm/kmemleak.c b/mm/kmemleak.c
index 8f7aa881566e5..f7e12d12b5b8e 100644
--- a/mm/kmemleak.c
+++ b/mm/kmemleak.c
@@ -1504,6 +1504,13 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
*/
rcu_read_lock();
list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
+ /*
+ * This is racy but we can save the overhead of lock/unlock
+ * calls. The missed objects, if any, should be caught in
+ * the next scan.
+ */
+ if (!color_white(object))
+ continue;
raw_spin_lock_irq(&object->lock);
if (color_white(object) && (object->flags & OBJECT_ALLOCATED)
&& update_checksum(object) && get_object(object)) {
@@ -1531,6 +1538,13 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
*/
rcu_read_lock();
list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
+ /*
+ * This is racy but we can save the overhead of lock/unlock
+ * calls. The missed objects, if any, should be caught in
+ * the next scan.
+ */
+ if (!color_white(object))
+ continue;
raw_spin_lock_irq(&object->lock);
if (unreferenced_object(object) &&
!(object->flags & OBJECT_REPORTED)) {
--
2.53.0
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread* [PATCH 5.15.y 3/7] mm/kmemleak: prevent soft lockup in first object iteration loop of kmemleak_scan()
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 1/7] mm/kmemleak: use _irq lock/unlock variants in kmemleak_scan/_clear() Sasha Levin
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 2/7] mm/kmemleak: skip unlikely objects in kmemleak_scan() without taking lock Sasha Levin
@ 2026-09-03 18:47 ` Sasha Levin
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 4/7] mm/kmemleak: prevent soft lockup in kmemleak_scan()'s object iteration loops Sasha Levin
` (3 subsequent siblings)
5 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-09-03 18:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: stable
Cc: Waiman Long, Catalin Marinas, Muchun Song, Andrew Morton,
Sasha Levin
From: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
[ Upstream commit 6edda04ccc7cfb281d139e352dbd5dd933bd2751 ]
The first RCU-based object iteration loop has to modify the object count.
So we cannot skip taking the object lock.
One way to avoid soft lockup is to insert occasional cond_resched() call
into the loop. This cannot be done while holding the RCU read lock which
is to protect objects from being freed. However, taking a reference to
the object will prevent it from being freed. We can then do a
cond_resched() call after every 64k objects safely.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220614220359.59282-4-longman@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Stable-dep-of: 5d10d4e19e6d ("mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task stacks")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
mm/kmemleak.c | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/mm/kmemleak.c b/mm/kmemleak.c
index f7e12d12b5b8e..e52f0cbed6f2b 100644
--- a/mm/kmemleak.c
+++ b/mm/kmemleak.c
@@ -1413,12 +1413,16 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
struct zone *zone;
int __maybe_unused i;
int new_leaks = 0;
+ int loop1_cnt = 0;
jiffies_last_scan = jiffies;
/* prepare the kmemleak_object's */
rcu_read_lock();
list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
+ bool obj_pinned = false;
+
+ loop1_cnt++;
raw_spin_lock_irq(&object->lock);
#ifdef DEBUG
/*
@@ -1433,10 +1437,32 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
#endif
/* reset the reference count (whiten the object) */
object->count = 0;
- if (color_gray(object) && get_object(object))
+ if (color_gray(object) && get_object(object)) {
list_add_tail(&object->gray_list, &gray_list);
+ obj_pinned = true;
+ }
raw_spin_unlock_irq(&object->lock);
+
+ /*
+ * Do a cond_resched() to avoid soft lockup every 64k objects.
+ * Make sure a reference has been taken so that the object
+ * won't go away without RCU read lock.
+ */
+ if (!(loop1_cnt & 0xffff)) {
+ if (!obj_pinned && !get_object(object)) {
+ /* Try the next object instead */
+ loop1_cnt--;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ cond_resched();
+ rcu_read_lock();
+
+ if (!obj_pinned)
+ put_object(object);
+ }
}
rcu_read_unlock();
--
2.53.0
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread* [PATCH 5.15.y 4/7] mm/kmemleak: prevent soft lockup in kmemleak_scan()'s object iteration loops
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 1/7] mm/kmemleak: use _irq lock/unlock variants in kmemleak_scan/_clear() Sasha Levin
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 2/7] mm/kmemleak: skip unlikely objects in kmemleak_scan() without taking lock Sasha Levin
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 3/7] mm/kmemleak: prevent soft lockup in first object iteration loop of kmemleak_scan() Sasha Levin
@ 2026-09-03 18:47 ` Sasha Levin
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 5/7] mm: use stack_depot for recording kmemleak's backtrace Sasha Levin
` (2 subsequent siblings)
5 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-09-03 18:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: stable
Cc: Waiman Long, Catalin Marinas, Muchun Song, Andrew Morton,
Sasha Levin
From: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
[ Upstream commit 984a608377cb623351b8a3670b285f32ebeb2d32 ]
Commit 6edda04ccc7c ("mm/kmemleak: prevent soft lockup in first object
iteration loop of kmemleak_scan()") adds cond_resched() in the first
object iteration loop of kmemleak_scan(). However, it turns that the 2nd
objection iteration loop can still cause soft lockup to happen in some
cases. So add a cond_resched() call in the 2nd and 3rd loops as well to
prevent that and for completeness.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221020175619.366317-1-longman@redhat.com
Fixes: 6edda04ccc7c ("mm/kmemleak: prevent soft lockup in first object iteration loop of kmemleak_scan()")
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Stable-dep-of: 5d10d4e19e6d ("mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task stacks")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
mm/kmemleak.c | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
diff --git a/mm/kmemleak.c b/mm/kmemleak.c
index e52f0cbed6f2b..b4d7c1deedc17 100644
--- a/mm/kmemleak.c
+++ b/mm/kmemleak.c
@@ -1402,6 +1402,27 @@ static void scan_gray_list(void)
WARN_ON(!list_empty(&gray_list));
}
+/*
+ * Conditionally call resched() in a object iteration loop while making sure
+ * that the given object won't go away without RCU read lock by performing a
+ * get_object() if !pinned.
+ *
+ * Return: false if can't do a cond_resched() due to get_object() failure
+ * true otherwise
+ */
+static bool kmemleak_cond_resched(struct kmemleak_object *object, bool pinned)
+{
+ if (!pinned && !get_object(object))
+ return false;
+
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ cond_resched();
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ if (!pinned)
+ put_object(object);
+ return true;
+}
+
/*
* Scan data sections and all the referenced memory blocks allocated via the
* kernel's standard allocators. This function must be called with the
@@ -1413,7 +1434,7 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
struct zone *zone;
int __maybe_unused i;
int new_leaks = 0;
- int loop1_cnt = 0;
+ int loop_cnt = 0;
jiffies_last_scan = jiffies;
@@ -1422,7 +1443,6 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
bool obj_pinned = false;
- loop1_cnt++;
raw_spin_lock_irq(&object->lock);
#ifdef DEBUG
/*
@@ -1445,24 +1465,11 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
raw_spin_unlock_irq(&object->lock);
/*
- * Do a cond_resched() to avoid soft lockup every 64k objects.
- * Make sure a reference has been taken so that the object
- * won't go away without RCU read lock.
+ * Do a cond_resched() every 64k objects to avoid soft lockup.
*/
- if (!(loop1_cnt & 0xffff)) {
- if (!obj_pinned && !get_object(object)) {
- /* Try the next object instead */
- loop1_cnt--;
- continue;
- }
-
- rcu_read_unlock();
- cond_resched();
- rcu_read_lock();
-
- if (!obj_pinned)
- put_object(object);
- }
+ if (!(++loop_cnt & 0xffff) &&
+ !kmemleak_cond_resched(object, obj_pinned))
+ loop_cnt--; /* Try again on next object */
}
rcu_read_unlock();
@@ -1529,7 +1536,15 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
* scan and color them gray until the next scan.
*/
rcu_read_lock();
+ loop_cnt = 0;
list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
+ /*
+ * Do a cond_resched() every 64k objects to avoid soft lockup.
+ */
+ if (!(++loop_cnt & 0xffff) &&
+ !kmemleak_cond_resched(object, false))
+ loop_cnt--; /* Try again on next object */
+
/*
* This is racy but we can save the overhead of lock/unlock
* calls. The missed objects, if any, should be caught in
@@ -1563,7 +1578,15 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
* Scanning result reporting.
*/
rcu_read_lock();
+ loop_cnt = 0;
list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
+ /*
+ * Do a cond_resched() every 64k objects to avoid soft lockup.
+ */
+ if (!(++loop_cnt & 0xffff) &&
+ !kmemleak_cond_resched(object, false))
+ loop_cnt--; /* Try again on next object */
+
/*
* This is racy but we can save the overhead of lock/unlock
* calls. The missed objects, if any, should be caught in
--
2.53.0
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread* [PATCH 5.15.y 5/7] mm: use stack_depot for recording kmemleak's backtrace
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 1/7] mm/kmemleak: use _irq lock/unlock variants in kmemleak_scan/_clear() Sasha Levin
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 4/7] mm/kmemleak: prevent soft lockup in kmemleak_scan()'s object iteration loops Sasha Levin
@ 2026-09-03 18:47 ` Sasha Levin
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 6/7] kmemleak: drop (age <increasing>) from leak record Sasha Levin
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 7/7] mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task stacks Sasha Levin
5 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-09-03 18:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: stable
Cc: Zhaoyang Huang, Catalin Marinas, ke.wang, Matthew Wilcox (Oracle),
Vlastimil Babka, Zhaoyang Huang, Andrew Morton, Sasha Levin
From: Zhaoyang Huang <zhaoyang.huang@unisoc.com>
[ Upstream commit 56a61617dd2276cbc56a6c868599716386d70041 ]
Using stack_depot to record kmemleak's backtrace which has been
implemented on slub for reducing redundant information.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build - remove now-unused __save_stack_trace()]
[zhaoyang.huang@unisoc.com: v3]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1667101354-4669-1-git-send-email-zhaoyang.huang@unisoc.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix v3 layout oddities]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style cleanups]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1666864224-27541-1-git-send-email-zhaoyang.huang@unisoc.com
Signed-off-by: Zhaoyang Huang <zhaoyang.huang@unisoc.com>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: ke.wang <ke.wang@unisoc.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Zhaoyang Huang <huangzhaoyang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Stable-dep-of: 5d10d4e19e6d ("mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task stacks")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
lib/Kconfig.debug | 1 +
mm/kmemleak.c | 141 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
2 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
diff --git a/lib/Kconfig.debug b/lib/Kconfig.debug
index 6749581d920e8..8dc542107bde5 100644
--- a/lib/Kconfig.debug
+++ b/lib/Kconfig.debug
@@ -718,6 +718,7 @@ config DEBUG_KMEMLEAK
select STACKTRACE if STACKTRACE_SUPPORT
select KALLSYMS
select CRC32
+ select STACKDEPOT
help
Say Y here if you want to enable the memory leak
detector. The memory allocation/freeing is traced in a way
diff --git a/mm/kmemleak.c b/mm/kmemleak.c
index b4d7c1deedc17..6c26262aac844 100644
--- a/mm/kmemleak.c
+++ b/mm/kmemleak.c
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
*
* The following locks and mutexes are used by kmemleak:
*
- * - kmemleak_lock (raw_spinlock_t): protects the object_list modifications and
- * accesses to the object_tree_root. The object_list is the main list
- * holding the metadata (struct kmemleak_object) for the allocated memory
- * blocks. The object_tree_root is a red black tree used to look-up
- * metadata based on a pointer to the corresponding memory block. The
+ * - kmemleak_lock (raw_spinlock_t): protects the object_list and del_state
+ * modifications as well as accesses to the object_tree_root. The object_list
+ * is the main list holding the metadata (struct kmemleak_object) for the
+ * allocated memory blocks. The object_tree_root is a red black tree used to
+ * look-up metadata based on a pointer to the corresponding memory block. The
* kmemleak_object structures are added to the object_list and
* object_tree_root in the create_object() function called from the
* kmemleak_alloc() callback and removed in delete_object() called from the
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/stacktrace.h>
+#include <linux/stackdepot.h>
#include <linux/cache.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@ struct kmemleak_object {
struct rcu_head rcu; /* object_list lockless traversal */
/* object usage count; object freed when use_count == 0 */
atomic_t use_count;
+ unsigned int del_state; /* deletion state */
unsigned long pointer;
size_t size;
/* pass surplus references to this pointer */
@@ -157,8 +159,7 @@ struct kmemleak_object {
u32 checksum;
/* memory ranges to be scanned inside an object (empty for all) */
struct hlist_head area_list;
- unsigned long trace[MAX_TRACE];
- unsigned int trace_len;
+ depot_stack_handle_t trace_handle;
unsigned long jiffies; /* creation timestamp */
pid_t pid; /* pid of the current task */
char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; /* executable name */
@@ -173,6 +174,11 @@ struct kmemleak_object {
/* flag set to fully scan the object when scan_area allocation failed */
#define OBJECT_FULL_SCAN (1 << 3)
+/* set when __remove_object() called */
+#define DELSTATE_REMOVED (1 << 0)
+/* set to temporarily prevent deletion from object_list */
+#define DELSTATE_NO_DELETE (1 << 1)
+
#define HEX_PREFIX " "
/* number of bytes to print per line; must be 16 or 32 */
#define HEX_ROW_SIZE 16
@@ -337,18 +343,21 @@ static void print_unreferenced(struct seq_file *seq,
struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
int i;
+ unsigned long *entries;
+ unsigned int nr_entries;
unsigned int msecs_age = jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - object->jiffies);
+ nr_entries = stack_depot_fetch(object->trace_handle, &entries);
warn_or_seq_printf(seq, "unreferenced object 0x%08lx (size %zu):\n",
- object->pointer, object->size);
+ object->pointer, object->size);
warn_or_seq_printf(seq, " comm \"%s\", pid %d, jiffies %lu (age %d.%03ds)\n",
- object->comm, object->pid, object->jiffies,
- msecs_age / 1000, msecs_age % 1000);
+ object->comm, object->pid, object->jiffies,
+ msecs_age / 1000, msecs_age % 1000);
hex_dump_object(seq, object);
warn_or_seq_printf(seq, " backtrace:\n");
- for (i = 0; i < object->trace_len; i++) {
- void *ptr = (void *)object->trace[i];
+ for (i = 0; i < nr_entries; i++) {
+ void *ptr = (void *)entries[i];
warn_or_seq_printf(seq, " [<%p>] %pS\n", ptr, ptr);
}
}
@@ -360,16 +369,22 @@ static void print_unreferenced(struct seq_file *seq,
*/
static void dump_object_info(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
+ unsigned long *entries;
+ unsigned int nr_entries;
+
pr_notice("Object 0x%08lx (size %zu):\n",
- object->pointer, object->size);
+ object->pointer, object->size);
pr_notice(" comm \"%s\", pid %d, jiffies %lu\n",
- object->comm, object->pid, object->jiffies);
+ object->comm, object->pid, object->jiffies);
pr_notice(" min_count = %d\n", object->min_count);
pr_notice(" count = %d\n", object->count);
pr_notice(" flags = 0x%x\n", object->flags);
pr_notice(" checksum = %u\n", object->checksum);
pr_notice(" backtrace:\n");
- stack_trace_print(object->trace, object->trace_len, 4);
+ if (object->trace_handle) {
+ nr_entries = stack_depot_fetch(object->trace_handle, &entries);
+ stack_trace_print(entries, nr_entries, 4);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -538,7 +553,9 @@ static struct kmemleak_object *find_and_get_object(unsigned long ptr, int alias)
static void __remove_object(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
rb_erase(&object->rb_node, &object_tree_root);
- list_del_rcu(&object->object_list);
+ if (!(object->del_state & DELSTATE_NO_DELETE))
+ list_del_rcu(&object->object_list);
+ object->del_state |= DELSTATE_REMOVED;
}
/*
@@ -560,12 +577,18 @@ static struct kmemleak_object *find_and_remove_object(unsigned long ptr, int ali
return object;
}
-/*
- * Save stack trace to the given array of MAX_TRACE size.
- */
-static int __save_stack_trace(unsigned long *trace)
+static noinline depot_stack_handle_t __save_stack_trace(void)
{
- return stack_trace_save(trace, MAX_TRACE, 2);
+ depot_stack_handle_t trace_handle;
+ unsigned long entries[MAX_TRACE];
+ unsigned int nr_entries;
+
+ if (!kmemleak_initialized)
+ return 0;
+ nr_entries = stack_trace_save(entries, ARRAY_SIZE(entries), 3);
+ trace_handle = stack_depot_save(entries, nr_entries, GFP_NOWAIT);
+
+ return trace_handle;
}
/*
@@ -600,6 +623,7 @@ static struct kmemleak_object *create_object(unsigned long ptr, size_t size,
object->count = 0; /* white color initially */
object->jiffies = jiffies;
object->checksum = 0;
+ object->del_state = 0;
/* task information */
if (in_hardirq()) {
@@ -620,7 +644,7 @@ static struct kmemleak_object *create_object(unsigned long ptr, size_t size,
}
/* kernel backtrace */
- object->trace_len = __save_stack_trace(object->trace);
+ object->trace_handle = __save_stack_trace();
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kmemleak_lock, flags);
@@ -651,7 +675,6 @@ static struct kmemleak_object *create_object(unsigned long ptr, size_t size,
}
rb_link_node(&object->rb_node, rb_parent, link);
rb_insert_color(&object->rb_node, &object_tree_root);
-
list_add_tail_rcu(&object->object_list, &object_list);
out:
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kmemleak_lock, flags);
@@ -1037,7 +1060,7 @@ void __ref kmemleak_update_trace(const void *ptr)
}
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&object->lock, flags);
- object->trace_len = __save_stack_trace(object->trace);
+ object->trace_handle = __save_stack_trace();
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&object->lock, flags);
put_object(object);
@@ -1405,28 +1428,38 @@ static void scan_gray_list(void)
/*
* Conditionally call resched() in a object iteration loop while making sure
* that the given object won't go away without RCU read lock by performing a
- * get_object() if !pinned.
- *
- * Return: false if can't do a cond_resched() due to get_object() failure
- * true otherwise
+ * get_object() if necessary.
*/
-static bool kmemleak_cond_resched(struct kmemleak_object *object, bool pinned)
+static void kmemleak_cond_resched(struct kmemleak_object *object)
{
- if (!pinned && !get_object(object))
- return false;
+ if (!get_object(object))
+ return; /* Try next object */
+
+ raw_spin_lock_irq(&kmemleak_lock);
+ if (object->del_state & DELSTATE_REMOVED)
+ goto unlock_put; /* Object removed */
+ object->del_state |= DELSTATE_NO_DELETE;
+ raw_spin_unlock_irq(&kmemleak_lock);
rcu_read_unlock();
cond_resched();
rcu_read_lock();
- if (!pinned)
- put_object(object);
- return true;
+
+ raw_spin_lock_irq(&kmemleak_lock);
+ if (object->del_state & DELSTATE_REMOVED)
+ list_del_rcu(&object->object_list);
+ object->del_state &= ~DELSTATE_NO_DELETE;
+unlock_put:
+ raw_spin_unlock_irq(&kmemleak_lock);
+ put_object(object);
}
/*
- * Scan data sections and all the referenced memory blocks allocated via the
- * kernel's standard allocators. This function must be called with the
- * scan_mutex held.
+ * Print one leak inline. The hex dump is gated on OBJECT_ALLOCATED so it
+ * does not touch user memory that was freed concurrently; the rest of the
+ * report is emitted directly by kmemleak_scan() while the object metadata is
+ * protected. kmemleak_scan() scans data sections and referenced allocations
+ * and must be called with scan_mutex held.
*/
static void kmemleak_scan(void)
{
@@ -1434,15 +1467,12 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
struct zone *zone;
int __maybe_unused i;
int new_leaks = 0;
- int loop_cnt = 0;
jiffies_last_scan = jiffies;
/* prepare the kmemleak_object's */
rcu_read_lock();
list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
- bool obj_pinned = false;
-
raw_spin_lock_irq(&object->lock);
#ifdef DEBUG
/*
@@ -1457,19 +1487,13 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
#endif
/* reset the reference count (whiten the object) */
object->count = 0;
- if (color_gray(object) && get_object(object)) {
+ if (color_gray(object) && get_object(object))
list_add_tail(&object->gray_list, &gray_list);
- obj_pinned = true;
- }
raw_spin_unlock_irq(&object->lock);
- /*
- * Do a cond_resched() every 64k objects to avoid soft lockup.
- */
- if (!(++loop_cnt & 0xffff) &&
- !kmemleak_cond_resched(object, obj_pinned))
- loop_cnt--; /* Try again on next object */
+ if (need_resched())
+ kmemleak_cond_resched(object);
}
rcu_read_unlock();
@@ -1536,14 +1560,9 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
* scan and color them gray until the next scan.
*/
rcu_read_lock();
- loop_cnt = 0;
list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
- /*
- * Do a cond_resched() every 64k objects to avoid soft lockup.
- */
- if (!(++loop_cnt & 0xffff) &&
- !kmemleak_cond_resched(object, false))
- loop_cnt--; /* Try again on next object */
+ if (need_resched())
+ kmemleak_cond_resched(object);
/*
* This is racy but we can save the overhead of lock/unlock
@@ -1578,14 +1597,9 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
* Scanning result reporting.
*/
rcu_read_lock();
- loop_cnt = 0;
list_for_each_entry_rcu(object, &object_list, object_list) {
- /*
- * Do a cond_resched() every 64k objects to avoid soft lockup.
- */
- if (!(++loop_cnt & 0xffff) &&
- !kmemleak_cond_resched(object, false))
- loop_cnt--; /* Try again on next object */
+ if (need_resched())
+ kmemleak_cond_resched(object);
/*
* This is racy but we can save the overhead of lock/unlock
@@ -2020,6 +2034,7 @@ void __init kmemleak_init(void)
if (kmemleak_error)
return;
+ stack_depot_init();
jiffies_min_age = msecs_to_jiffies(MSECS_MIN_AGE);
jiffies_scan_wait = msecs_to_jiffies(SECS_SCAN_WAIT * 1000);
--
2.53.0
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread* [PATCH 5.15.y 6/7] kmemleak: drop (age <increasing>) from leak record
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 1/7] mm/kmemleak: use _irq lock/unlock variants in kmemleak_scan/_clear() Sasha Levin
` (3 preceding siblings ...)
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 5/7] mm: use stack_depot for recording kmemleak's backtrace Sasha Levin
@ 2026-09-03 18:47 ` Sasha Levin
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 7/7] mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task stacks Sasha Levin
5 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-09-03 18:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: stable; +Cc: Jim Cromie, Catalin Marinas, Andrew Morton, Sasha Levin
From: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
[ Upstream commit 88f9ee2b3040991ff40628fa9e3516ebe36dd6fa ]
Patch series "tweak kmemleak report format".
These 2 patches make minor changes to the report:
1st strips "age <increasing>" from output. This makes the output
idempotent; unchanging until a new leak is reported.
2nd adds the backtrace.checksum to the "backtrace:" line. This lets a
user see repeats without actually reading the whole backtrace. So now
the backtrace line looks like this:
backtrace (crc 603070071):
I surveyed for un-wanted effects upon users:
Syzkaller parses kmemleak in executor/common_linux.h:
static void check_leaks(char** frames, int nframes)
It just counts occurrences of "unreferenced object", specifically it
does not look for "age", nor would it choke on "crc" being added.
github has 3 repos with "kmemleak" mentioned, all are moribund.
gitlab has 0 hits on "kmemleak".
This patch (of 2):
Displaying age is pretty, but counter-productive; it changes with
current-time, so it surrenders idempotency of the output, which breaks
simple hash-based cataloging of the records by the user.
The trouble: sequential reads, wo new leaks, get new results:
:#> sum /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
53439 74 /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
:#> sum /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
59066 74 /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
and age is why (nothing else changes):
:#> grep -v age /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak | sum
58894 67
:#> grep -v age /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak | sum
58894 67
Since jiffies is already printed in the "comm" line, age adds nothing.
Notably, syzkaller reads kmemleak only for "unreferenced object", and
won't care about this reform of age-ism. A few moribund github repos
mention it, but don't compile.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231116224318.124209-1-jim.cromie@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231116224318.124209-2-jim.cromie@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Stable-dep-of: 5d10d4e19e6d ("mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task stacks")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
mm/kmemleak.c | 6 ++----
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
diff --git a/mm/kmemleak.c b/mm/kmemleak.c
index 6c26262aac844..023d1300dbb40 100644
--- a/mm/kmemleak.c
+++ b/mm/kmemleak.c
@@ -345,14 +345,12 @@ static void print_unreferenced(struct seq_file *seq,
int i;
unsigned long *entries;
unsigned int nr_entries;
- unsigned int msecs_age = jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - object->jiffies);
nr_entries = stack_depot_fetch(object->trace_handle, &entries);
warn_or_seq_printf(seq, "unreferenced object 0x%08lx (size %zu):\n",
object->pointer, object->size);
- warn_or_seq_printf(seq, " comm \"%s\", pid %d, jiffies %lu (age %d.%03ds)\n",
- object->comm, object->pid, object->jiffies,
- msecs_age / 1000, msecs_age % 1000);
+ warn_or_seq_printf(seq, " comm \"%s\", pid %d, jiffies %lu\n",
+ object->comm, object->pid, object->jiffies);
hex_dump_object(seq, object);
warn_or_seq_printf(seq, " backtrace:\n");
--
2.53.0
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread* [PATCH 5.15.y 7/7] mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task stacks
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 1/7] mm/kmemleak: use _irq lock/unlock variants in kmemleak_scan/_clear() Sasha Levin
` (4 preceding siblings ...)
2026-09-03 18:47 ` [PATCH 5.15.y 6/7] kmemleak: drop (age <increasing>) from leak record Sasha Levin
@ 2026-09-03 18:47 ` Sasha Levin
5 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Sasha Levin @ 2026-09-03 18:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: stable
Cc: Breno Leitao, Catalin Marinas, Davidlohr Bueso, Lance Yang,
Oleg Nesterov, Qian Cai, SeongJae Park, Andrew Morton,
Sasha Levin
From: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
[ Upstream commit 5d10d4e19e6daa487f0cd0ea6cba472325de92f9 ]
Patch series "mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task", v3.
kmemleak_scan() scans every task stack under one rcu_read_lock() with no
reschedule point, which can trip the soft lockup watchdog on hosts with
very many threads.
That prints the following message, depending on the workload+host
configuration:
watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#35 stuck for 22s! [kmemleak:537]
scan_block
kmemleak_scan
kmemleak_scan_thread
kthread
Patch 1 walks the tasks with find_ge_pid() so the scan reschedules between
tasks
Patches 2-3 let the scan loops stop early once a scan is interrupted.
This patch (of 3):
kmemleak_scan() walks every thread and scans its kernel stack under a
single rcu_read_lock() with no reschedule point. On a host with very many
threads -- amplified by KASAN/lockdep in debug builds -- this loop can hog
a CPU long enough to trip the soft lockup watchdog:
watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#35 stuck for 22s! [kmemleak:537]
scan_block
kmemleak_scan
kmemleak_scan_thread
kthread
A cond_resched() cannot be added directly: the loop runs inside an RCU
read-side critical section.
Walk the tasks one PID at a time with find_ge_pid(), taking the RCU read
lock only to look up and pin each task. The stack is then scanned with no
lock held, so cond_resched() runs between tasks and the scan stops early
on scan_should_stop(). This follows the next_tgid()/task_seq_get_next()
iteration pattern and keeps each RCU critical section short.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260615-kmemleak-stack-resched-v3-0-acecd7d7fd92@debian.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260615-kmemleak-stack-resched-v3-1-acecd7d7fd92@debian.org
Fixes: c4b28963fd79 ("mm/kmemleak: rely on rcu for task stack scanning")
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Reviewed-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
mm/kmemleak.c | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
diff --git a/mm/kmemleak.c b/mm/kmemleak.c
index 023d1300dbb40..e24fbb2b15035 100644
--- a/mm/kmemleak.c
+++ b/mm/kmemleak.c
@@ -1452,6 +1452,42 @@ static void kmemleak_cond_resched(struct kmemleak_object *object)
put_object(object);
}
+/*
+ * Scan all task kernel stacks, rescheduling between tasks. Each task is looked
+ * up and pinned within its own RCU read-side section, so no lock is held across
+ * the scan and the walk cannot trip the soft lockup watchdog.
+ */
+static void kmemleak_scan_task_stacks(void)
+{
+ struct pid *pid;
+ int nr = 1;
+
+ do {
+ struct task_struct *p = NULL;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ pid = find_ge_pid(nr, &init_pid_ns);
+ if (pid) {
+ nr = pid_nr(pid) + 1;
+ p = pid_task(pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
+ if (p)
+ get_task_struct(p);
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+ if (p) {
+ void *stack = try_get_task_stack(p);
+
+ if (stack) {
+ scan_block(stack, stack + THREAD_SIZE, NULL);
+ put_task_stack(p);
+ }
+ put_task_struct(p);
+ }
+ cond_resched();
+ } while (pid && !scan_should_stop());
+}
+
/*
* Print one leak inline. The hex dump is gated on OBJECT_ALLOCATED so it
* does not touch user memory that was freed concurrently; the rest of the
@@ -1533,19 +1569,8 @@ static void kmemleak_scan(void)
/*
* Scanning the task stacks (may introduce false negatives).
*/
- if (kmemleak_stack_scan) {
- struct task_struct *p, *g;
-
- rcu_read_lock();
- for_each_process_thread(g, p) {
- void *stack = try_get_task_stack(p);
- if (stack) {
- scan_block(stack, stack + THREAD_SIZE, NULL);
- put_task_stack(p);
- }
- }
- rcu_read_unlock();
- }
+ if (kmemleak_stack_scan)
+ kmemleak_scan_task_stacks();
/*
* Scan the objects already referenced from the sections scanned
--
2.53.0
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread