FAILED: patch "[PATCH] ALSA: emux: Fix UAF of soundfont zones at note-on" failed to apply to 5.10-stable tree

FAILED: patch "[PATCH] ALSA: emux: Fix UAF of soundfont zones at note-on" failed to apply to 5.10-stable tree

[Sasha Levin]

The patch below does not apply to the 5.10-stable tree.
If someone wants it applied there, or to any other stable or longterm
tree, then please email the backport, including the original git commit
id to <stable@vger.kernel.org>.

To reproduce the conflict and resubmit, you may use the following commands:

git fetch https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/ linux-5.10.y
git checkout FETCH_HEAD
git cherry-pick -x 34e3e04b8a1731a773797542f0781e99ce7cd755
# <resolve conflicts, build, test, etc.>
git commit -s
git send-email --to '<stable@vger.kernel.org>' --in-reply-to '20261107062604-failed-5.10-34e3e04b8a17@kernel.org' --subject-prefix 'PATCH 5.10.y' 'HEAD^..'

Thanks,
Sasha

------------------ original commit in Linus's tree ------------------

From 34e3e04b8a1731a773797542f0781e99ce7cd755 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Date: Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:16:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] ALSA: emux: Fix UAF of soundfont zones at note-on

snd_emux_note_on() looks up the matching zones via
snd_soundfont_search_zone(), which takes sflist->lock only during the
lookup and returns the raw zone pointers after releasing it.  The
caller then stores them in vp->zone without any protection.
Meanwhile, a concurrent SNDRV_EMUX_IOCTL_REMOVE_LAST_SAMPLES ioctl may
unlink and free those zones in snd_soundfont_remove_unlocked(); this
leads to a use-after-free in snd_emux_note_on(), and later at
accessing the cached vp->zone, e.g. in snd_emux_send_effect().

Fix it by holding sflist->lock in snd_emux_note_on() over the whole
zone lookup and voice setup, and let snd_soundfont_search_zone()
require the caller to hold the lock, instead.
snd_soundfont_lock_preset() takes sflist->lock for setting
presets_locked, so the removal path now syncs with the note-on finish.

Reported-by: Sashiko <sashiko-bot@kernel.org>
Closes: https://sashiko.dev/#/bug/linux-697212bb-a434-4ff5-8778-25a84f5dad89
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20261020101624.205638-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
---
 sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c | 3 +++
 sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c  | 9 ++++++---
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c b/sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c
index 6982e1317da5e..2cbf12364a1e5 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ snd_emux_note_on(void *p, int note, int vel, struct snd_midi_channel *chan)
 		return;
 
 	key = note; /* remember the original note */
+
+	/* hold sflist->lock for protecting against concurrent free */
+	guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&emu->sflist->lock);
 	nvoices = get_zone(emu, port, &note, vel, chan, table);
 	if (! nvoices)
 		return;
diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c b/sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c
index c172b53b17a4f..039357d96e07a 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c
@@ -1225,6 +1225,9 @@ delete_preset(struct snd_sf_list *sflist, struct snd_sf_zone *zp)
  * The found zones are stored on 'table' array.  max_layers defines
  * the maximum number of elements in this array.
  * This function returns the number of found zones.  0 if not found.
+ *
+ * The caller must hold sflist->lock, and keep holding it as long as
+ * the returned zones are accessed.
  */
 int
 snd_soundfont_search_zone(struct snd_sf_list *sflist, int *notep, int vel,
@@ -1234,11 +1237,11 @@ snd_soundfont_search_zone(struct snd_sf_list *sflist, int *notep, int vel,
 {
 	int nvoices;
 
-	/* this function is supposed to be called atomically,
-	 * so we check the lock.  if it's busy, just returns 0 to
+	lockdep_assert_held(&sflist->lock);
+
+	/* if the presets are being modified, just returns 0 to
 	 * tell the caller the busy state
 	 */
-	guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&sflist->lock);
 	if (sflist->presets_locked)
 		return 0;
 	nvoices = search_zones(sflist, notep, vel, preset, bank,
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH 5.10.y] ALSA: emux: Fix UAF of soundfont zones at note-on

[Sasha Levin]

From: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

[ Upstream commit 34e3e04b8a1731a773797542f0781e99ce7cd755 ]

snd_emux_note_on() looks up the matching zones via
snd_soundfont_search_zone(), which takes sflist->lock only during the
lookup and returns the raw zone pointers after releasing it.  The
caller then stores them in vp->zone without any protection.
Meanwhile, a concurrent SNDRV_EMUX_IOCTL_REMOVE_LAST_SAMPLES ioctl may
unlink and free those zones in snd_soundfont_remove_unlocked(); this
leads to a use-after-free in snd_emux_note_on(), and later at
accessing the cached vp->zone, e.g. in snd_emux_send_effect().

Fix it by holding sflist->lock in snd_emux_note_on() over the whole
zone lookup and voice setup, and let snd_soundfont_search_zone()
require the caller to hold the lock, instead.
snd_soundfont_lock_preset() takes sflist->lock for setting
presets_locked, so the removal path now syncs with the note-on finish.

Reported-by: Sashiko <sashiko-bot@kernel.org>
Closes: https://sashiko.dev/#/bug/linux-697212bb-a434-4ff5-8778-25a84f5dad89
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20261020101624.205638-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
[ sashal: replaced guard(spinlock_irqsave) with explicit spin_lock_irqsave()/spin_unlock_irqrestore() and an unlock label ]
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c |  9 +++++++--
 sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c  | 15 +++++++--------
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c b/sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c
index a5385efcedb6c..195cb58fd428f 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/emux_synth.c
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ snd_emux_note_on(void *p, int note, int vel, struct snd_midi_channel *chan)
 	int i, key, nvoices;
 	struct snd_emux_voice *vp;
 	struct snd_sf_zone *table[SNDRV_EMUX_MAX_MULTI_VOICES];
-	unsigned long flags;
+	unsigned long flags, sf_flags;
 	struct snd_emux_port *port;
 
 	port = p;
@@ -61,9 +61,12 @@ snd_emux_note_on(void *p, int note, int vel, struct snd_midi_channel *chan)
 		return;
 
 	key = note; /* remember the original note */
+
+	/* hold sflist->lock for protecting against concurrent free */
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&emu->sflist->lock, sf_flags);
 	nvoices = get_zone(emu, port, &note, vel, chan, table);
 	if (! nvoices)
-		return;
+		goto unlock;
 
 	/* exclusive note off */
 	for (i = 0; i < nvoices; i++) {
@@ -136,6 +139,8 @@ snd_emux_note_on(void *p, int note, int vel, struct snd_midi_channel *chan)
 		}
 	}
 #endif
+unlock:
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&emu->sflist->lock, sf_flags);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c b/sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c
index 18b2d84926563..ca3e100a637e4 100644
--- a/sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c
+++ b/sound/synth/emux/soundfont.c
@@ -1221,6 +1221,9 @@ delete_preset(struct snd_sf_list *sflist, struct snd_sf_zone *zp)
  * The found zones are stored on 'table' array.  max_layers defines
  * the maximum number of elements in this array.
  * This function returns the number of found zones.  0 if not found.
+ *
+ * The caller must hold sflist->lock, and keep holding it as long as
+ * the returned zones are accessed.
  */
 int
 snd_soundfont_search_zone(struct snd_sf_list *sflist, int *notep, int vel,
@@ -1229,17 +1232,14 @@ snd_soundfont_search_zone(struct snd_sf_list *sflist, int *notep, int vel,
 			  struct snd_sf_zone **table, int max_layers)
 {
 	int nvoices;
-	unsigned long flags;
 
-	/* this function is supposed to be called atomically,
-	 * so we check the lock.  if it's busy, just returns 0 to
+	lockdep_assert_held(&sflist->lock);
+
+	/* if the presets are being modified, just returns 0 to
 	 * tell the caller the busy state
 	 */
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&sflist->lock, flags);
-	if (sflist->presets_locked) {
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sflist->lock, flags);
+	if (sflist->presets_locked)
 		return 0;
-	}
 	nvoices = search_zones(sflist, notep, vel, preset, bank,
 			       table, max_layers, 0);
 	if (! nvoices) {
@@ -1248,7 +1248,6 @@ snd_soundfont_search_zone(struct snd_sf_list *sflist, int *notep, int vel,
 					       def_preset, def_bank,
 					       table, max_layers, 0);
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sflist->lock, flags);
 	return nvoices;
 }
 
-- 
2.53.0