[PATCH v3] printk: fix deadlock when kernel panic

[PATCH v3] printk: fix deadlock when kernel panic

[Muchun Song]

printk_safe_flush_on_panic() caused the following deadlock on our
server:

CPU0:                                         CPU1:
panic                                         rcu_dump_cpu_stacks
  kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus                      nmi_trigger_cpumask_backtrace
    register_nmi_handler(crash_nmi_callback)      printk_safe_flush
                                                    __printk_safe_flush
                                                      raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&read_lock)
    // send NMI to other processors
    apic_send_IPI_allbutself(NMI_VECTOR)
                                                        // NMI interrupt, dead loop
                                                        crash_nmi_callback
  printk_safe_flush_on_panic
    printk_safe_flush
      __printk_safe_flush
        // deadlock
        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&read_lock)

DEADLOCK: read_lock is taken on CPU1 and will never get released.

It happens when panic() stops a CPU by NMI while it has been in
the middle of printk_safe_flush().

Handle the lock the same way as logbuf_lock. The printk_safe buffers
are flushed only when both locks can be safely taken. It can avoid
the deadlock _in this particular case_ at expense of losing contents
of printk_safe buffers.

Note: It would actually be safe to re-init the locks when all CPUs were
      stopped by NMI. But it would require passing this information
      from arch-specific code. It is not worth the complexity.
      Especially because logbuf_lock and printk_safe buffers have been
      obsoleted by the lockless ring buffer.

Fixes: cf9b1106c81c ("printk/nmi: flush NMI messages on the system panic")
Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
---
 kernel/printk/printk_safe.c | 16 ++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/printk/printk_safe.c b/kernel/printk/printk_safe.c
index a0e6f746de6c..2e9e3ed7d63e 100644
--- a/kernel/printk/printk_safe.c
+++ b/kernel/printk/printk_safe.c
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ struct printk_safe_seq_buf {
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct printk_safe_seq_buf, safe_print_seq);
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, printk_context);
 
+static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(safe_read_lock);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK_NMI
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct printk_safe_seq_buf, nmi_print_seq);
 #endif
@@ -180,8 +182,6 @@ static void report_message_lost(struct printk_safe_seq_buf *s)
  */
 static void __printk_safe_flush(struct irq_work *work)
 {
-	static raw_spinlock_t read_lock =
-		__RAW_SPIN_LOCK_INITIALIZER(read_lock);
 	struct printk_safe_seq_buf *s =
 		container_of(work, struct printk_safe_seq_buf, work);
 	unsigned long flags;
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ static void __printk_safe_flush(struct irq_work *work)
 	 * different CPUs. This is especially important when printing
 	 * a backtrace.
 	 */
-	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&read_lock, flags);
+	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&safe_read_lock, flags);
 
 	i = 0;
 more:
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ static void __printk_safe_flush(struct irq_work *work)
 
 out:
 	report_message_lost(s);
-	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&read_lock, flags);
+	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&safe_read_lock, flags);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -278,6 +278,14 @@ void printk_safe_flush_on_panic(void)
 		raw_spin_lock_init(&logbuf_lock);
 	}
 
+	if (raw_spin_is_locked(&safe_read_lock)) {
+		if (num_online_cpus() > 1)
+			return;
+
+		debug_locks_off();
+		raw_spin_lock_init(&safe_read_lock);
+	}
+
 	printk_safe_flush();
 }
 
-- 
2.11.0

Re: [PATCH v3] printk: fix deadlock when kernel panic

[Sergey Senozhatsky]

On (21/02/10 11:48), Muchun Song wrote:
> printk_safe_flush_on_panic() caused the following deadlock on our
> server:
> 
> CPU0:                                         CPU1:
> panic                                         rcu_dump_cpu_stacks
>   kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus                      nmi_trigger_cpumask_backtrace
>     register_nmi_handler(crash_nmi_callback)      printk_safe_flush
>                                                     __printk_safe_flush
>                                                       raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&read_lock)
>     // send NMI to other processors
>     apic_send_IPI_allbutself(NMI_VECTOR)
>                                                         // NMI interrupt, dead loop
>                                                         crash_nmi_callback
>   printk_safe_flush_on_panic
>     printk_safe_flush
>       __printk_safe_flush
>         // deadlock
>         raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&read_lock)
> 
> DEADLOCK: read_lock is taken on CPU1 and will never get released.
> 
> It happens when panic() stops a CPU by NMI while it has been in
> the middle of printk_safe_flush().
> 
> Handle the lock the same way as logbuf_lock. The printk_safe buffers
> are flushed only when both locks can be safely taken. It can avoid
> the deadlock _in this particular case_ at expense of losing contents
> of printk_safe buffers.
> 
> Note: It would actually be safe to re-init the locks when all CPUs were
>       stopped by NMI. But it would require passing this information
>       from arch-specific code. It is not worth the complexity.
>       Especially because logbuf_lock and printk_safe buffers have been
>       obsoleted by the lockless ring buffer.
> 
> Fixes: cf9b1106c81c ("printk/nmi: flush NMI messages on the system panic")
> Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>

Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>

	-ss

Re: [PATCH v3] printk: fix deadlock when kernel panic

[Petr Mladek]

On Wed 2021-02-10 11:48:23, Muchun Song wrote:
> printk_safe_flush_on_panic() caused the following deadlock on our
> server:
> 
> CPU0:                                         CPU1:
> panic                                         rcu_dump_cpu_stacks
>   kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus                      nmi_trigger_cpumask_backtrace
>     register_nmi_handler(crash_nmi_callback)      printk_safe_flush
>                                                     __printk_safe_flush
>                                                       raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&read_lock)
>     // send NMI to other processors
>     apic_send_IPI_allbutself(NMI_VECTOR)
>                                                         // NMI interrupt, dead loop
>                                                         crash_nmi_callback
>   printk_safe_flush_on_panic
>     printk_safe_flush
>       __printk_safe_flush
>         // deadlock
>         raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&read_lock)
> 
> DEADLOCK: read_lock is taken on CPU1 and will never get released.
> 
> It happens when panic() stops a CPU by NMI while it has been in
> the middle of printk_safe_flush().
> 
> Handle the lock the same way as logbuf_lock. The printk_safe buffers
> are flushed only when both locks can be safely taken. It can avoid
> the deadlock _in this particular case_ at expense of losing contents
> of printk_safe buffers.
> 
> Note: It would actually be safe to re-init the locks when all CPUs were
>       stopped by NMI. But it would require passing this information
>       from arch-specific code. It is not worth the complexity.
>       Especially because logbuf_lock and printk_safe buffers have been
>       obsoleted by the lockless ring buffer.
> 
> Fixes: cf9b1106c81c ("printk/nmi: flush NMI messages on the system panic")
> Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>

The patch is committed on printk/linux.git, branch for-5.12.

Best Regards,
Petr