All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>
To: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>, Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>,
	Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com>, Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>,
	kvm-devel@lists.sourceforge.net,
	Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>,
	Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>,
	steiner@sgi.com, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-mm@kvack.org, daniel.blueman@quadrics.com,
	Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Subject: Re: [patch 4/6] MMU notifier: invalidate_page callbacks using Linux rmaps
Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2008 15:24:52 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20080129142452.GH7233@v2.random> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20080129140345.GG7233@v2.random>

This should fix the aging bugs you introduced through the faulty cpp
expansion. This is hard to write for me, given any time somebody does
a ptep_clear_flush_young w/o manually cpp-expandin "|
mmu_notifier_age_page" after it, it's always a bug that needs fixing,
similar bugs can emerge with time for ptep_clear_flush too. What will
happen is that somebody will cleanup in 26+ and we'll remain with a
#ifdef KERNEL_VERSION() < 2.6.26 in ksm.c to call
mmu_notifier(invalidate_page) explicitly. Performance and
optimizations or unnecessary invalidate_page are a red-herring, it can
be fully optimized both ways. 99% of the time when somebody calls
ptep_clear_flush and ptep_clear_flush_young, the respective mmu
notifier can't be forgotten (and calling them once more even if a
later invalidate_range is invoked, is always safer and preferable than
not calling them at all) so I fail to see how this will not be cleaned
up eventually, the same way the tlb flushes have been cleaned up
already. Nevertheless I back your implementation and I'm not even
trying at changing it with the risk to slowdown merging.

Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>

diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
--- a/mm/rmap.c
+++ b/mm/rmap.c
@@ -285,10 +285,8 @@ static int page_referenced_one(struct pa
 	if (!pte)
 		goto out;
 
-	if (ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte))
-		referenced++;
-
-	if (mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address))
+	if (ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte) |
+	    mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address))
 		referenced++;
 
 	/* Pretend the page is referenced if the task has the
@@ -684,7 +682,7 @@ static int try_to_unmap_one(struct page 
 	 * skipped over this mm) then we should reactivate it.
 	 */
 	if (!migration && ((vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) ||
-			(ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte) ||
+			(ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte) |
 				mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address)))) {
 		ret = SWAP_FAIL;
 		goto out_unmap;
@@ -818,10 +816,8 @@ static void try_to_unmap_cluster(unsigne
 		page = vm_normal_page(vma, address, *pte);
 		BUG_ON(!page || PageAnon(page));
 
-		if (ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte))
-			continue;
-
-		if (mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address))
+		if (ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte) | 
+		    mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address))
 			continue;
 
 		/* Nuke the page table entry. */

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea-atKUWr5tajBWk0Htik3J/w@public.gmane.org>
To: Christoph Lameter <clameter-sJ/iWh9BUns@public.gmane.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin-l3A5Bk7waGM@public.gmane.org>,
	Peter Zijlstra
	<a.p.zijlstra-/NLkJaSkS4VmR6Xm/wNWPw@public.gmane.org>,
	linux-mm-Bw31MaZKKs3YtjvyW6yDsg@public.gmane.org,
	Benjamin Herrenschmidt
	<benh-XVmvHMARGAS8U2dJNN8I7kB+6BGkLq7r@public.gmane.org>,
	steiner-sJ/iWh9BUns@public.gmane.org,
	linux-kernel-u79uwXL29TY76Z2rM5mHXA@public.gmane.org,
	Avi Kivity <avi-atKUWr5tajBWk0Htik3J/w@public.gmane.org>,
	kvm-devel-5NWGOfrQmneRv+LV9MX5uipxlwaOVQ5f@public.gmane.org,
	daniel.blueman-xqY44rlHlBpWk0Htik3J/w@public.gmane.org,
	Robin Holt <holt-sJ/iWh9BUns@public.gmane.org>,
	Hugh Dickins <hugh-DTz5qymZ9yRBDgjK7y7TUQ@public.gmane.org>
Subject: Re: [patch 4/6] MMU notifier: invalidate_page callbacks using	Linux rmaps
Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2008 15:24:52 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20080129142452.GH7233@v2.random> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20080129140345.GG7233-lysg2Xt5kKMAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>

This should fix the aging bugs you introduced through the faulty cpp
expansion. This is hard to write for me, given any time somebody does
a ptep_clear_flush_young w/o manually cpp-expandin "|
mmu_notifier_age_page" after it, it's always a bug that needs fixing,
similar bugs can emerge with time for ptep_clear_flush too. What will
happen is that somebody will cleanup in 26+ and we'll remain with a
#ifdef KERNEL_VERSION() < 2.6.26 in ksm.c to call
mmu_notifier(invalidate_page) explicitly. Performance and
optimizations or unnecessary invalidate_page are a red-herring, it can
be fully optimized both ways. 99% of the time when somebody calls
ptep_clear_flush and ptep_clear_flush_young, the respective mmu
notifier can't be forgotten (and calling them once more even if a
later invalidate_range is invoked, is always safer and preferable than
not calling them at all) so I fail to see how this will not be cleaned
up eventually, the same way the tlb flushes have been cleaned up
already. Nevertheless I back your implementation and I'm not even
trying at changing it with the risk to slowdown merging.

Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea-atKUWr5tajBWk0Htik3J/w@public.gmane.org>

diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
--- a/mm/rmap.c
+++ b/mm/rmap.c
@@ -285,10 +285,8 @@ static int page_referenced_one(struct pa
 	if (!pte)
 		goto out;
 
-	if (ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte))
-		referenced++;
-
-	if (mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address))
+	if (ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte) |
+	    mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address))
 		referenced++;
 
 	/* Pretend the page is referenced if the task has the
@@ -684,7 +682,7 @@ static int try_to_unmap_one(struct page 
 	 * skipped over this mm) then we should reactivate it.
 	 */
 	if (!migration && ((vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) ||
-			(ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte) ||
+			(ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte) |
 				mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address)))) {
 		ret = SWAP_FAIL;
 		goto out_unmap;
@@ -818,10 +816,8 @@ static void try_to_unmap_cluster(unsigne
 		page = vm_normal_page(vma, address, *pte);
 		BUG_ON(!page || PageAnon(page));
 
-		if (ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte))
-			continue;
-
-		if (mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address))
+		if (ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte) | 
+		    mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address))
 			continue;
 
 		/* Nuke the page table entry. */

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
This SF.net email is sponsored by: Microsoft
Defy all challenges. Microsoft(R) Visual Studio 2008.
http://clk.atdmt.com/MRT/go/vse0120000070mrt/direct/01/

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>
To: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>, Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>,
	Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com>, Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>,
	kvm-devel@lists.sourceforge.net,
	Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>,
	Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>,
	steiner@sgi.com, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-mm@kvack.org, daniel.blueman@quadrics.com,
	Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Subject: Re: [patch 4/6] MMU notifier: invalidate_page callbacks using Linux rmaps
Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2008 15:24:52 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20080129142452.GH7233@v2.random> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20080129140345.GG7233@v2.random>

This should fix the aging bugs you introduced through the faulty cpp
expansion. This is hard to write for me, given any time somebody does
a ptep_clear_flush_young w/o manually cpp-expandin "|
mmu_notifier_age_page" after it, it's always a bug that needs fixing,
similar bugs can emerge with time for ptep_clear_flush too. What will
happen is that somebody will cleanup in 26+ and we'll remain with a
#ifdef KERNEL_VERSION() < 2.6.26 in ksm.c to call
mmu_notifier(invalidate_page) explicitly. Performance and
optimizations or unnecessary invalidate_page are a red-herring, it can
be fully optimized both ways. 99% of the time when somebody calls
ptep_clear_flush and ptep_clear_flush_young, the respective mmu
notifier can't be forgotten (and calling them once more even if a
later invalidate_range is invoked, is always safer and preferable than
not calling them at all) so I fail to see how this will not be cleaned
up eventually, the same way the tlb flushes have been cleaned up
already. Nevertheless I back your implementation and I'm not even
trying at changing it with the risk to slowdown merging.

Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>

diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
--- a/mm/rmap.c
+++ b/mm/rmap.c
@@ -285,10 +285,8 @@ static int page_referenced_one(struct pa
 	if (!pte)
 		goto out;
 
-	if (ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte))
-		referenced++;
-
-	if (mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address))
+	if (ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte) |
+	    mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address))
 		referenced++;
 
 	/* Pretend the page is referenced if the task has the
@@ -684,7 +682,7 @@ static int try_to_unmap_one(struct page 
 	 * skipped over this mm) then we should reactivate it.
 	 */
 	if (!migration && ((vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) ||
-			(ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte) ||
+			(ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte) |
 				mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address)))) {
 		ret = SWAP_FAIL;
 		goto out_unmap;
@@ -818,10 +816,8 @@ static void try_to_unmap_cluster(unsigne
 		page = vm_normal_page(vma, address, *pte);
 		BUG_ON(!page || PageAnon(page));
 
-		if (ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte))
-			continue;
-
-		if (mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address))
+		if (ptep_clear_flush_young(vma, address, pte) | 
+		    mmu_notifier_age_page(mm, address))
 			continue;
 
 		/* Nuke the page table entry. */

--
To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
the body to majordomo@kvack.org.  For more info on Linux MM,
see: http://www.linux-mm.org/ .
Don't email: <a href=mailto:"dont@kvack.org"> email@kvack.org </a>

  reply	other threads:[~2008-01-29 14:25 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 199+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2008-01-28 20:28 [patch 0/6] [RFC] MMU Notifiers V2 Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 20:28 ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 20:28 ` [patch 1/6] mmu_notifier: Core code Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 20:28   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 22:06   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 22:06     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 22:06     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29  0:05   ` Robin Holt
2008-01-29  0:05     ` Robin Holt
2008-01-29  0:05     ` Robin Holt
2008-01-29  1:19     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29  1:19       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29  1:19       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 13:59   ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 13:59     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 13:59     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 14:34     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 14:34       ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 14:34       ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 19:49     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 19:49       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 19:49       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 20:41       ` Avi Kivity
2008-01-29 20:41         ` Avi Kivity
2008-01-29 20:41         ` Avi Kivity
2008-01-29 16:07   ` Robin Holt
2008-01-29 16:07     ` Robin Holt
2008-01-29 16:07     ` Robin Holt
2008-02-05 18:05   ` Andy Whitcroft
2008-02-05 18:05     ` Andy Whitcroft
2008-02-05 18:05     ` Andy Whitcroft
2008-02-05 18:17     ` Peter Zijlstra
2008-02-05 18:17       ` Peter Zijlstra
2008-02-05 18:19     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-02-05 18:19       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-02-05 18:19       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 20:28 ` [patch 2/6] mmu_notifier: Callbacks to invalidate address ranges Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 20:28   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 16:20   ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 16:20     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 16:20     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 18:28     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 18:28       ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 18:28       ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 20:30       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 20:30         ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 20:30         ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 21:36         ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 21:36           ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 21:36           ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 21:53           ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 21:53             ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 21:53             ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 22:35             ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 22:35               ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 22:35               ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 22:55               ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 22:55                 ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 22:55                 ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 23:43                 ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 23:43                   ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 23:43                   ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30  0:34                   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  0:34                     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  0:34                     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 19:55     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 19:55       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 19:55       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 21:17       ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 21:17         ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 21:35         ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 21:35           ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 21:35           ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 22:02           ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 22:02             ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 22:02             ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 22:39             ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 22:39               ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 22:39               ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  0:00               ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30  0:00                 ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30  0:00                 ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30  0:05                 ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30  0:05                   ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30  0:05                   ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30  0:22                   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  0:22                     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  0:22                     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  0:59                     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30  0:59                       ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30  0:59                       ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30  8:26                       ` Peter Zijlstra
2008-01-30  8:26                         ` Peter Zijlstra
2008-01-30  0:20                 ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  0:20                   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  0:20                   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  0:28                   ` Jack Steiner
2008-01-30  0:28                     ` Jack Steiner
2008-01-30  0:28                     ` Jack Steiner
2008-01-30  0:35                     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  0:35                       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  0:35                       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30 13:37                     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30 13:37                       ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30 13:37                       ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30 14:43                       ` Jack Steiner
2008-01-30 14:43                         ` Jack Steiner
2008-01-30 14:43                         ` Jack Steiner
2008-01-30 19:41                         ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30 19:41                           ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30 19:41                           ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30 20:29                           ` Jack Steiner
2008-01-30 20:29                             ` Jack Steiner
2008-01-30 20:29                             ` Jack Steiner
2008-01-30 20:55                             ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30 20:55                               ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30 20:55                               ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30 16:11                 ` Robin Holt
2008-01-30 16:11                   ` Robin Holt
2008-01-30 16:11                   ` Robin Holt
2008-01-30 17:04                   ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30 17:04                     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30 17:04                     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30 17:30                     ` Robin Holt
2008-01-30 17:30                       ` Robin Holt
2008-01-30 17:30                       ` Robin Holt
2008-01-30 18:25                       ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30 18:25                         ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30 18:25                         ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30 19:50                         ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30 19:50                           ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30 19:50                           ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30 22:18                           ` Robin Holt
2008-01-30 22:18                             ` Robin Holt
2008-01-30 22:18                             ` Robin Holt
2008-01-30 23:52                           ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30 23:52                             ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-31  0:01                             ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  0:01                               ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  0:01                               ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  0:34                               ` [kvm-devel] " Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-31  0:34                                 ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-31  0:34                                 ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-31  1:46                                 ` [kvm-devel] " Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  1:46                                   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  1:46                                   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  2:34                                   ` [kvm-devel] " Robin Holt
2008-01-31  2:34                                     ` Robin Holt
2008-01-31  2:34                                     ` Robin Holt
2008-01-31  2:37                                     ` [kvm-devel] " Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  2:37                                       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  2:37                                       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  2:56                                     ` [kvm-devel] mmu_notifier: invalidate_range_start with lock=1 Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  2:56                                       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  2:56                                       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31 10:52                                   ` [kvm-devel] [patch 2/6] mmu_notifier: Callbacks to invalidate address ranges Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-31 10:52                                     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-31 10:52                                     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-31  2:08                                 ` [kvm-devel] " Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  2:08                                   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  2:08                                   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  2:42                                   ` [kvm-devel] " Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-31  2:42                                     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-31  2:42                                     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-31  2:51                                     ` [kvm-devel] " Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  2:51                                       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31  2:51                                       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-31 13:39                                       ` [kvm-devel] " Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-31 13:39                                         ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-31 13:39                                         ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-30 19:35                   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30 19:35                     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30 19:35                     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 20:28 ` [patch 3/6] mmu_notifier: invalidate_page callbacks for subsystems with rmap Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 20:28   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 16:28   ` Robin Holt
2008-01-29 16:28     ` Robin Holt
2008-01-28 20:28 ` [patch 4/6] MMU notifier: invalidate_page callbacks using Linux rmaps Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 20:28   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 14:03   ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 14:03     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 14:03     ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 14:24     ` Andrea Arcangeli [this message]
2008-01-29 14:24       ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 14:24       ` Andrea Arcangeli
2008-01-29 19:51       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 19:51         ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 19:51         ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 20:28 ` [patch 5/6] mmu_notifier: Callbacks for xip_filemap.c Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 20:28   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 20:28 ` [patch 6/6] mmu_notifier: Add invalidate_all() Christoph Lameter
2008-01-28 20:28   ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 16:31   ` Robin Holt
2008-01-29 16:31     ` Robin Holt
2008-01-29 20:02     ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 20:02       ` Christoph Lameter
2008-01-29 20:02       ` Christoph Lameter
  -- strict thread matches above, loose matches on Subject: below --
2008-01-30  2:29 [patch 0/6] [RFC] MMU Notifiers V3 Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  2:29 ` [patch 4/6] MMU notifier: invalidate_page callbacks using Linux rmaps Christoph Lameter
2008-01-30  2:29   ` Christoph Lameter

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=20080129142452.GH7233@v2.random \
    --to=andrea@qumranet.com \
    --cc=a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl \
    --cc=avi@qumranet.com \
    --cc=benh@kernel.crashing.org \
    --cc=clameter@sgi.com \
    --cc=daniel.blueman@quadrics.com \
    --cc=holt@sgi.com \
    --cc=hugh@veritas.com \
    --cc=izike@qumranet.com \
    --cc=kvm-devel@lists.sourceforge.net \
    --cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-mm@kvack.org \
    --cc=npiggin@suse.de \
    --cc=steiner@sgi.com \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.