Re: [PATCH v6 1/7] arm64: mm: Move reserve_crashkernel() into mem_init()

[Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>]

Hi Nicolas,

On Thu, Nov 12, 2020 at 04:56:38PM +0100, Nicolas Saenz Julienne wrote:
> On Tue, 2020-11-10 at 18:17 +0000, Catalin Marinas wrote:
> > On Fri, Nov 06, 2020 at 07:46:29PM +0100, Nicolas Saenz Julienne wrote:
> > > On Thu, 2020-11-05 at 16:11 +0000, James Morse wrote:
> > > > On 03/11/2020 17:31, Nicolas Saenz Julienne wrote:
> > > > > crashkernel might reserve memory located in ZONE_DMA. We plan to delay
> > > > > ZONE_DMA's initialization after unflattening the devicetree and ACPI's
> > > > > boot table initialization, so move it later in the boot process.
> > > > > Specifically into mem_init(), this is the last place crashkernel will be
> > > > > able to reserve the memory before the page allocator kicks in.
> > > > > There
> > > > > isn't any apparent reason for doing this earlier.
> > > > 
> > > > It's so that map_mem() can carve it out of the linear/direct map.
> > > > This is so that stray writes from a crashing kernel can't accidentally corrupt the kdump
> > > > kernel. We depend on this if we continue with kdump, but failed to offline all the other
> > > > CPUs.
> > > 
> > > I presume here you refer to arch_kexec_protect_crashkres(), IIUC this will only
> > > happen further down the line, after having loaded the kdump kernel image. But
> > > it also depends on the mappings to be PAGE sized (flags == NO_BLOCK_MAPPINGS |
> > > NO_CONT_MAPPINGS).
> > 
> > IIUC, arch_kexec_protect_crashkres() is only for the crashkernel image,
> > not the whole reserved memory that the crashkernel will use. For the
> > latter, we avoid the linear map by marking it as nomap in map_mem().
> 
> I'm not sure we're on the same page here, so sorry if this was already implied.
> 
> The crashkernel memory mapping is bypassed while preparing the linear mappings
> but it is then mapped right away, with page granularity and !MTE.
> See paging_init()->map_mem():
> 
> 	/*
> 	 * Use page-level mappings here so that we can shrink the region
> 	 * in page granularity and put back unused memory to buddy system
> 	 * through /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size interface.
> 	 */
> 	if (crashk_res.end) {
> 		__map_memblock(pgdp, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end + 1,
> 			       PAGE_KERNEL,
> 			       NO_BLOCK_MAPPINGS | NO_CONT_MAPPINGS);
> 		memblock_clear_nomap(crashk_res.start,
> 				     resource_size(&crashk_res));
> 	}
> 
> IIUC the inconvenience here is that we need special mapping options for
> crashkernel and updating those after having mapped that memory as regular
> memory isn't possible/easy to do.

You are right, it still gets mapped but with page granularity. However,
to James' point, we still need to know the crashkernel range in
map_mem() as arch_kexec_protect_crashkres() relies on having page rather
than block mappings.

> > > > We also depend on this when skipping the checksum code in purgatory, which can be
> > > > exceedingly slow.
> > > 
> > > This one I don't fully understand, so I'll lazily assume the prerequisite is
> > > the same WRT how memory is mapped. :)
> > > 
> > > Ultimately there's also /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size's handling. Same
> > > prerequisite.
> > > 
> > > Keeping in mind acpi_table_upgrade() and unflatten_device_tree() depend on
> > > having the linear mappings available.
> > 
> > So it looks like reserve_crashkernel() wants to reserve memory before
> > setting up the linear map with the information about the DMA zones in
> > place but that comes later when we can parse the firmware tables.
> > 
> > I wonder, instead of not mapping the crashkernel reservation, can we not
> > do an arch_kexec_protect_crashkres() for the whole reservation after we
> > created the linear map?
> 
> arch_kexec_protect_crashkres() depends on __change_memory_common() which
> ultimately depends on the memory to be mapped with PAGE_SIZE pages. As I
> comment above, the trick would work as long as there is as way to update the
> linear mappings with whatever crashkernel needs later in the boot process.

Breaking block mappings into pages is a lot more difficult later. OTOH,
the default these days is rodata_full==true, so I don't think we have
block mappings anyway. We could add NO_BLOCK_MAPPINGS if KEXEC_CORE is
enabled.

> > > Let me stress that knowing the DMA constraints in the system before reserving
> > > crashkernel's regions is necessary if we ever want it to work seamlessly on all
> > > platforms. Be it small stuff like the Raspberry Pi or huge servers with TB of
> > > memory.
> > 
> > Indeed. So we have 3 options (so far):
> > 
> > 1. Allow the crashkernel reservation to go into the linear map but set
> >    it to invalid once allocated.
> > 
> > 2. Parse the flattened DT (not sure what we do with ACPI) before
> >    creating the linear map. We may have to rely on some SoC ID here
> >    instead of actual DMA ranges.
> > 
> > 3. Assume the smallest ZONE_DMA possible on arm64 (1GB) for crashkernel
> >    reservations and not rely on arm64_dma_phys_limit in
> >    reserve_crashkernel().
> > 
> > I think (2) we tried hard to avoid. Option (3) brings us back to the
> > issues we had on large crashkernel reservations regressing on some
> > platforms (though it's been a while since, they mostly went quiet ;)).
> > However, with Chen's crashkernel patches we end up with two
> > reservations, one in the low DMA zone and one higher, potentially above
> > 4GB. Having a fixed 1GB limit wouldn't be any worse for crashkernel
> > reservations than what we have now.
> > 
> > If (1) works, I'd go for it (James knows this part better than me),
> > otherwise we can go for (3).
> 
> Overall, I'd prefer (1) as well, and I'd be happy to have a got at it. If not
> I'll append (3) in this series.

I think for 1 we could also remove the additional KEXEC_CORE checks,
something like below, untested:

diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
index 3e5a6913acc8..27ab609c1c0c 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
@@ -477,7 +477,8 @@ static void __init map_mem(pgd_t *pgdp)
 	int flags = 0;
 	u64 i;
 
-	if (rodata_full || debug_pagealloc_enabled())
+	if (rodata_full || debug_pagealloc_enabled() ||
+	    IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE))
 		flags = NO_BLOCK_MAPPINGS | NO_CONT_MAPPINGS;
 
 	/*
@@ -487,11 +488,6 @@ static void __init map_mem(pgd_t *pgdp)
 	 * the following for-loop
 	 */
 	memblock_mark_nomap(kernel_start, kernel_end - kernel_start);
-#ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
-	if (crashk_res.end)
-		memblock_mark_nomap(crashk_res.start,
-				    resource_size(&crashk_res));
-#endif
 
 	/* map all the memory banks */
 	for_each_mem_range(i, &start, &end) {
@@ -518,21 +514,6 @@ static void __init map_mem(pgd_t *pgdp)
 	__map_memblock(pgdp, kernel_start, kernel_end,
 		       PAGE_KERNEL, NO_CONT_MAPPINGS);
 	memblock_clear_nomap(kernel_start, kernel_end - kernel_start);
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
-	/*
-	 * Use page-level mappings here so that we can shrink the region
-	 * in page granularity and put back unused memory to buddy system
-	 * through /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size interface.
-	 */
-	if (crashk_res.end) {
-		__map_memblock(pgdp, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end + 1,
-			       PAGE_KERNEL,
-			       NO_BLOCK_MAPPINGS | NO_CONT_MAPPINGS);
-		memblock_clear_nomap(crashk_res.start,
-				     resource_size(&crashk_res));
-	}
-#endif
 }
 
 void mark_rodata_ro(void)

-- 
Catalin
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