All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Roger Quadros <rogerq@ti.com>
To: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: balbi@ti.com, tony@atomide.com, ruslan.bilovol@ti.com,
	linux-usb@vger.kernel.org, linux-omap@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 4/6] USB: ehci-omap: Suspend the controller during bus suspend
Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2013 11:16:45 +0300	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <51D13AED.4010307@ti.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.44L0.1306281346430.1047-100000@iolanthe.rowland.org>

On 06/28/2013 10:06 PM, Alan Stern wrote:
> On Fri, 28 Jun 2013, Roger Quadros wrote:
> 
>>> That's not what I meant.  Never mind the pinctrl; I was asking about
>>> the EHCI controller itself.  Under what circumstances does the
>>> controller assert its wakeup signal?  And how do you tell it to stop
>>> asserting that signal?
>>
>> I believe this would be through the EHCI Interrupt enable register (USBINTR).
>> I'm not aware of any other mechanism.
> 
> That's strange, because ehci_suspend() sets the intr_enable register to 
> 0.  So how do you ever get any wakeup interrupts at all?

Because after ehci_suspend() for OMAP, we solely rely on the out of band wake up
mechanism. i.e. Pad wakeup.
> 
>> Right. It seems the external hub has signaled remote wakeup but the kernel doesn't
>> resume the root hub's port it is connected to.
>>
>> By observing the detailed logs below you can see that the root hub does not generate
>> an INTerrupt transaction to notify the port status change event. I've captured the pstatus
>> and GetPortStatus info as well.
> 
> We don't need an interrupt.  The driver is supposed to detect the
> remote wakeup sent by the external hub all by itself.

OK. Then it could point to a bug in our stack.
> 
>> Failing case
>> ------------
>>
>> [   16.108032] usb usb1: usb auto-resume
>> [   16.108062] ehci-omap 48064800.ehci: resume root hub
>> [   16.108154] hub 1-0:1.0: hub_resume
>> [   16.108398] ehci_hub_control GetPortStatus, port 1 temp = 0x1000
>> [   16.108459] ehci_hub_control GetPortStatus, port 2 temp = 0x14c5
> 
> Here's where we should detect it.  Look at the GetPortStatus case in
> ehci_hub_control(); the PORT_RESUME bit (0x0040) is set in temp, so the
> "Remote Wakeup received?" code should run.  In particular, these lines
> should run:
> 
> 			/* resume signaling for 20 msec */
> 			ehci->reset_done[wIndex] = jiffies
> 					+ msecs_to_jiffies(20);
> 			usb_hcd_start_port_resume(&hcd->self, wIndex);
> 			/* check the port again */
> 			mod_timer(&ehci_to_hcd(ehci)->rh_timer,
> 					ehci->reset_done[wIndex]);
> 
> Therefore 20 ms later, around timestamp 16.128459,
> ehci_hub_status_data() should have been called.  At that time, the
> root-hub port should have been fully resumed.

OK. right.
> 
>> [   16.108551] hub 1-0:1.0: port 2: status 0507 change 0000
>> [   16.108612] ehci_hub_control GetPortStatus, port 3 temp = 0x1000
>> [   16.108642] hub 1-0:1.0: hub_activate submitting urb
>> [   16.109222] ehci_irq port 3 pstatus 0x1000
>> [   16.109222] ehci_irq port 2 pstatus 0x14c5
>> [   16.109252] ehci_irq port 1 pstatus 0x1000
>> [   16.109374] hub 1-0:1.0: state 7 ports 3 chg 0000 evt 0000
> 
> But apparently nothing happened.  Why not?  Did the rh_timer get reset?  
> Maybe you can find out what went wrong.
> 

Sure. I'll investigate.

> (Hmmm, we seem to be missing a
> 
> 			set_bit(wIndex, &ehci->resuming_ports);
> 
> line in there...)
> 
>>> Also, why do you need omap->initialized?  Do you think you might get a 
>>> wakeup interrupt before the controller has been fully set up?  I don't 
>>> see how you could, given the pm_runtime_get_sync() call in the probe 
>>> routine.
>>>
>>
>> During probe we need to runtime_resume the device before usb_add_hcd() since the
>> controller clocks must be enabled before any registers are accessed.
>> However, we cannot call ehci_resume() before usb_add_hcd(). So to prevent this
>> chicken & egg situation, I've used the omap->initialized flag. It only indicates that
>> the ehci structures are initialized and we can call ehci_resume/suspend().
> 
> Ah, yes.  Other subsystems, such as PCI, face exactly the same problem.
> 
> You probably shouldn't call it "initialized", though, because the same
> issue arises in ehci_hcd_omap_remove() -- the pm_runtime_put_sync()  
> there would end up calling ehci_suspend() after usb_remove_hcd().  
> "bound" or "started" would be better names.
> 
OK. Started seems fine.

cheers,
-roger

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: rogerq@ti.com (Roger Quadros)
To: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Subject: [RFC PATCH 4/6] USB: ehci-omap: Suspend the controller during bus suspend
Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2013 11:16:45 +0300	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <51D13AED.4010307@ti.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.44L0.1306281346430.1047-100000@iolanthe.rowland.org>

On 06/28/2013 10:06 PM, Alan Stern wrote:
> On Fri, 28 Jun 2013, Roger Quadros wrote:
> 
>>> That's not what I meant.  Never mind the pinctrl; I was asking about
>>> the EHCI controller itself.  Under what circumstances does the
>>> controller assert its wakeup signal?  And how do you tell it to stop
>>> asserting that signal?
>>
>> I believe this would be through the EHCI Interrupt enable register (USBINTR).
>> I'm not aware of any other mechanism.
> 
> That's strange, because ehci_suspend() sets the intr_enable register to 
> 0.  So how do you ever get any wakeup interrupts at all?

Because after ehci_suspend() for OMAP, we solely rely on the out of band wake up
mechanism. i.e. Pad wakeup.
> 
>> Right. It seems the external hub has signaled remote wakeup but the kernel doesn't
>> resume the root hub's port it is connected to.
>>
>> By observing the detailed logs below you can see that the root hub does not generate
>> an INTerrupt transaction to notify the port status change event. I've captured the pstatus
>> and GetPortStatus info as well.
> 
> We don't need an interrupt.  The driver is supposed to detect the
> remote wakeup sent by the external hub all by itself.

OK. Then it could point to a bug in our stack.
> 
>> Failing case
>> ------------
>>
>> [   16.108032] usb usb1: usb auto-resume
>> [   16.108062] ehci-omap 48064800.ehci: resume root hub
>> [   16.108154] hub 1-0:1.0: hub_resume
>> [   16.108398] ehci_hub_control GetPortStatus, port 1 temp = 0x1000
>> [   16.108459] ehci_hub_control GetPortStatus, port 2 temp = 0x14c5
> 
> Here's where we should detect it.  Look at the GetPortStatus case in
> ehci_hub_control(); the PORT_RESUME bit (0x0040) is set in temp, so the
> "Remote Wakeup received?" code should run.  In particular, these lines
> should run:
> 
> 			/* resume signaling for 20 msec */
> 			ehci->reset_done[wIndex] = jiffies
> 					+ msecs_to_jiffies(20);
> 			usb_hcd_start_port_resume(&hcd->self, wIndex);
> 			/* check the port again */
> 			mod_timer(&ehci_to_hcd(ehci)->rh_timer,
> 					ehci->reset_done[wIndex]);
> 
> Therefore 20 ms later, around timestamp 16.128459,
> ehci_hub_status_data() should have been called.  At that time, the
> root-hub port should have been fully resumed.

OK. right.
> 
>> [   16.108551] hub 1-0:1.0: port 2: status 0507 change 0000
>> [   16.108612] ehci_hub_control GetPortStatus, port 3 temp = 0x1000
>> [   16.108642] hub 1-0:1.0: hub_activate submitting urb
>> [   16.109222] ehci_irq port 3 pstatus 0x1000
>> [   16.109222] ehci_irq port 2 pstatus 0x14c5
>> [   16.109252] ehci_irq port 1 pstatus 0x1000
>> [   16.109374] hub 1-0:1.0: state 7 ports 3 chg 0000 evt 0000
> 
> But apparently nothing happened.  Why not?  Did the rh_timer get reset?  
> Maybe you can find out what went wrong.
> 

Sure. I'll investigate.

> (Hmmm, we seem to be missing a
> 
> 			set_bit(wIndex, &ehci->resuming_ports);
> 
> line in there...)
> 
>>> Also, why do you need omap->initialized?  Do you think you might get a 
>>> wakeup interrupt before the controller has been fully set up?  I don't 
>>> see how you could, given the pm_runtime_get_sync() call in the probe 
>>> routine.
>>>
>>
>> During probe we need to runtime_resume the device before usb_add_hcd() since the
>> controller clocks must be enabled before any registers are accessed.
>> However, we cannot call ehci_resume() before usb_add_hcd(). So to prevent this
>> chicken & egg situation, I've used the omap->initialized flag. It only indicates that
>> the ehci structures are initialized and we can call ehci_resume/suspend().
> 
> Ah, yes.  Other subsystems, such as PCI, face exactly the same problem.
> 
> You probably shouldn't call it "initialized", though, because the same
> issue arises in ehci_hcd_omap_remove() -- the pm_runtime_put_sync()  
> there would end up calling ehci_suspend() after usb_remove_hcd().  
> "bound" or "started" would be better names.
> 
OK. Started seems fine.

cheers,
-roger

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Roger Quadros <rogerq@ti.com>
To: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: <balbi@ti.com>, <tony@atomide.com>, <ruslan.bilovol@ti.com>,
	<linux-usb@vger.kernel.org>, <linux-omap@vger.kernel.org>,
	<linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
	<linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 4/6] USB: ehci-omap: Suspend the controller during bus suspend
Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2013 11:16:45 +0300	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <51D13AED.4010307@ti.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.44L0.1306281346430.1047-100000@iolanthe.rowland.org>

On 06/28/2013 10:06 PM, Alan Stern wrote:
> On Fri, 28 Jun 2013, Roger Quadros wrote:
> 
>>> That's not what I meant.  Never mind the pinctrl; I was asking about
>>> the EHCI controller itself.  Under what circumstances does the
>>> controller assert its wakeup signal?  And how do you tell it to stop
>>> asserting that signal?
>>
>> I believe this would be through the EHCI Interrupt enable register (USBINTR).
>> I'm not aware of any other mechanism.
> 
> That's strange, because ehci_suspend() sets the intr_enable register to 
> 0.  So how do you ever get any wakeup interrupts at all?

Because after ehci_suspend() for OMAP, we solely rely on the out of band wake up
mechanism. i.e. Pad wakeup.
> 
>> Right. It seems the external hub has signaled remote wakeup but the kernel doesn't
>> resume the root hub's port it is connected to.
>>
>> By observing the detailed logs below you can see that the root hub does not generate
>> an INTerrupt transaction to notify the port status change event. I've captured the pstatus
>> and GetPortStatus info as well.
> 
> We don't need an interrupt.  The driver is supposed to detect the
> remote wakeup sent by the external hub all by itself.

OK. Then it could point to a bug in our stack.
> 
>> Failing case
>> ------------
>>
>> [   16.108032] usb usb1: usb auto-resume
>> [   16.108062] ehci-omap 48064800.ehci: resume root hub
>> [   16.108154] hub 1-0:1.0: hub_resume
>> [   16.108398] ehci_hub_control GetPortStatus, port 1 temp = 0x1000
>> [   16.108459] ehci_hub_control GetPortStatus, port 2 temp = 0x14c5
> 
> Here's where we should detect it.  Look at the GetPortStatus case in
> ehci_hub_control(); the PORT_RESUME bit (0x0040) is set in temp, so the
> "Remote Wakeup received?" code should run.  In particular, these lines
> should run:
> 
> 			/* resume signaling for 20 msec */
> 			ehci->reset_done[wIndex] = jiffies
> 					+ msecs_to_jiffies(20);
> 			usb_hcd_start_port_resume(&hcd->self, wIndex);
> 			/* check the port again */
> 			mod_timer(&ehci_to_hcd(ehci)->rh_timer,
> 					ehci->reset_done[wIndex]);
> 
> Therefore 20 ms later, around timestamp 16.128459,
> ehci_hub_status_data() should have been called.  At that time, the
> root-hub port should have been fully resumed.

OK. right.
> 
>> [   16.108551] hub 1-0:1.0: port 2: status 0507 change 0000
>> [   16.108612] ehci_hub_control GetPortStatus, port 3 temp = 0x1000
>> [   16.108642] hub 1-0:1.0: hub_activate submitting urb
>> [   16.109222] ehci_irq port 3 pstatus 0x1000
>> [   16.109222] ehci_irq port 2 pstatus 0x14c5
>> [   16.109252] ehci_irq port 1 pstatus 0x1000
>> [   16.109374] hub 1-0:1.0: state 7 ports 3 chg 0000 evt 0000
> 
> But apparently nothing happened.  Why not?  Did the rh_timer get reset?  
> Maybe you can find out what went wrong.
> 

Sure. I'll investigate.

> (Hmmm, we seem to be missing a
> 
> 			set_bit(wIndex, &ehci->resuming_ports);
> 
> line in there...)
> 
>>> Also, why do you need omap->initialized?  Do you think you might get a 
>>> wakeup interrupt before the controller has been fully set up?  I don't 
>>> see how you could, given the pm_runtime_get_sync() call in the probe 
>>> routine.
>>>
>>
>> During probe we need to runtime_resume the device before usb_add_hcd() since the
>> controller clocks must be enabled before any registers are accessed.
>> However, we cannot call ehci_resume() before usb_add_hcd(). So to prevent this
>> chicken & egg situation, I've used the omap->initialized flag. It only indicates that
>> the ehci structures are initialized and we can call ehci_resume/suspend().
> 
> Ah, yes.  Other subsystems, such as PCI, face exactly the same problem.
> 
> You probably shouldn't call it "initialized", though, because the same
> issue arises in ehci_hcd_omap_remove() -- the pm_runtime_put_sync()  
> there would end up calling ehci_suspend() after usb_remove_hcd().  
> "bound" or "started" would be better names.
> 
OK. Started seems fine.

cheers,
-roger

  reply	other threads:[~2013-07-01  8:16 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 144+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2013-06-19 14:05 [RFC PATCH 0/6] Suspend USB Host controller on bus suspend Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05 ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05 ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05 ` [RFC PATCH 1/6] mfd: omap-usb-host: move initialization to module_init() Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:07   ` Felipe Balbi
2013-06-20 12:07     ` Felipe Balbi
2013-06-20 12:07     ` Felipe Balbi
2013-06-20 12:29     ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:29       ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:29       ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05 ` [RFC PATCH 2/6] mfd: omap-usb-host: Put pins in IDLE state on suspend Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 17:23   ` Kevin Hilman
2013-06-19 17:23     ` Kevin Hilman
2013-06-19 17:23     ` Kevin Hilman
2013-06-20  7:21     ` Tony Lindgren
2013-06-20  7:21       ` Tony Lindgren
2013-06-20 12:30     ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:30       ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:30       ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05 ` [RFC PATCH 3/6] USB: ehci: allow controller drivers to override irq & bus_suspend/resume Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05 ` [RFC PATCH 4/6] USB: ehci-omap: Suspend the controller during bus suspend Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 17:39   ` Kevin Hilman
2013-06-19 17:39     ` Kevin Hilman
2013-06-19 17:39     ` Kevin Hilman
2013-06-20 12:32     ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:32       ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:32       ` Roger Quadros
     [not found]   ` <1371650753-11452-5-git-send-email-rogerq-l0cyMroinI0@public.gmane.org>
2013-06-20 12:11     ` Felipe Balbi
2013-06-20 12:11       ` Felipe Balbi
2013-06-20 12:11       ` Felipe Balbi
2013-06-20 12:35       ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:35         ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:35         ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 17:33         ` Alan Stern
2013-06-20 17:33           ` Alan Stern
2013-06-20 17:33           ` Alan Stern
2013-06-24 15:09           ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-24 15:09             ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-24 15:09             ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-24 19:34             ` Alan Stern
2013-06-24 19:34               ` Alan Stern
2013-06-24 19:34               ` Alan Stern
2013-06-25 13:59               ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-25 13:59                 ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-25 13:59                 ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-25 17:38                 ` Alan Stern
2013-06-25 17:38                   ` Alan Stern
2013-06-25 17:38                   ` Alan Stern
2013-06-26 13:38                   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-26 13:38                     ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-26 13:38                     ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-27 15:40                     ` Alan Stern
2013-06-27 15:40                       ` Alan Stern
2013-06-27 15:40                       ` Alan Stern
2013-06-28 12:20                       ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-28 12:20                         ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-28 12:20                         ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-28 13:57                         ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-28 13:57                           ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-28 13:57                           ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-28 19:18                           ` Alan Stern
2013-06-28 19:18                             ` Alan Stern
2013-06-28 19:18                             ` Alan Stern
2013-07-01  8:33                             ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-01  8:33                               ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-01  8:33                               ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-28 19:06                         ` Alan Stern
2013-06-28 19:06                           ` Alan Stern
2013-06-28 19:06                           ` Alan Stern
2013-07-01  8:16                           ` Roger Quadros [this message]
2013-07-01  8:16                             ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-01  8:16                             ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-01 16:24                             ` Alan Stern
2013-07-01 16:24                               ` Alan Stern
2013-07-01 16:24                               ` Alan Stern
2013-07-01 16:49                               ` Felipe Balbi
2013-07-01 16:49                                 ` Felipe Balbi
2013-07-01 16:49                                 ` Felipe Balbi
2013-07-01 21:01                                 ` Alan Stern
2013-07-01 21:01                                   ` Alan Stern
2013-07-01 21:01                                   ` Alan Stern
2013-07-02  8:22                                   ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-02  8:22                                     ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-02  8:22                                     ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-02 17:17                                     ` Alan Stern
2013-07-02 17:17                                       ` Alan Stern
2013-07-02 17:17                                       ` Alan Stern
2013-07-03  9:13                                       ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-03  9:13                                         ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-03  9:13                                         ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-03 12:57                                       ` Felipe Balbi
2013-07-03 12:57                                         ` Felipe Balbi
2013-07-03 12:57                                         ` Felipe Balbi
2013-07-03 13:06                                         ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-03 13:06                                           ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-03 13:06                                           ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-03 13:15                                           ` Felipe Balbi
2013-07-03 13:15                                             ` Felipe Balbi
2013-07-03 13:15                                             ` Felipe Balbi
     [not found]                                             ` <20130703131513.GH15056-S8G//mZuvNWo5Im9Ml3/Zg@public.gmane.org>
2013-07-03 14:30                                               ` Alan Stern
2013-07-03 14:30                                                 ` Alan Stern
2013-07-03 14:30                                                 ` Alan Stern
     [not found]                           ` <Pine.LNX.4.44L0.1306281346430.1047-100000-IYeN2dnnYyZXsRXLowluHWD2FQJk+8+b@public.gmane.org>
2013-07-09 13:58                             ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-09 13:58                               ` Roger Quadros
2013-07-09 13:58                               ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05 ` [RFC PATCH 5/6] ARM: dts: omap3beagle-xm: Add idle state pins for USB host Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 18:42   ` Kevin Hilman
2013-06-19 18:42     ` Kevin Hilman
2013-06-20 11:55     ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 11:55       ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 11:55       ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:02       ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:02         ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:02         ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 13:02         ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 13:02           ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 13:02           ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05 ` [RFC PATCH 6/6] ARM: OMAP3: Enable Hardware Save and Restore for USB Host Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 14:05   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 17:30   ` Sergei Shtylyov
2013-06-19 17:30     ` Sergei Shtylyov
2013-06-20 12:42     ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:42       ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:42       ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-19 15:23 ` [RFC PATCH 0/6] Suspend USB Host controller on bus suspend Alan Stern
2013-06-19 15:23   ` Alan Stern
2013-06-19 15:23   ` Alan Stern
2013-06-20 12:39   ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:39     ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 12:39     ` Roger Quadros
2013-06-20 17:19     ` Alan Stern
2013-06-20 17:19       ` Alan Stern
2013-06-20 17:19       ` Alan Stern

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=51D13AED.4010307@ti.com \
    --to=rogerq@ti.com \
    --cc=balbi@ti.com \
    --cc=linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org \
    --cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-omap@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-usb@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=ruslan.bilovol@ti.com \
    --cc=stern@rowland.harvard.edu \
    --cc=tony@atomide.com \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.