[Xenomai] xenomai smp - how it works

[Xenomai] xenomai smp - how it works

[Roberto Bielli]

Hi,

i would like to know how works in theory xenomai on smp system (with 
local timers, imx6q for example).
For example linux is always on one cpu and xenomai on other ?
Or is there a complex algorithm to determine who is in a processor in a 
instance ?
Linux can disturb xenomai more than single processor ?
Is better (jitter, latency, etc...) xenomai on a multi-core than to 
single core ?

Thanks a lot

-- 
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
							
Roberto Bielli
Sviluppo Software					
Axel S.r.l.					
							
Via Del Cannino, 3 				
21020 Crosio Della Valle			
Varese - Italy					
							
Telefono: +39 0332 949600			
Fax:      +39 0332 969315			
							
E-mail:   roberto.bielli@axelsw.it	
Web Site: www.axelsw.it

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Si precisa che le informazioni contenute in questo messaggio sono riservate e ad uso esclusivo del destinatario.
Qualora il messaggio in parola Le fosse pervenuto per errore, La preghiamo di eliminarlo senza copiarlo e di non inoltrarlo a terzi,
dandocene gentilmente comunicazione. Grazie.
Informativa sul trattamento dei dati personali (D. Lgs. 196/2003).
I dati utilizzati per la spedizione del presente messaggio sono utilizzati da Axel S.r.l., titolare del trattamento,
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Re: [Xenomai] xenomai smp - how it works

[Lennart Sorensen]

On Mon, Sep 30, 2013 at 06:37:41PM +0200, Roberto Bielli wrote:
> i would like to know how works in theory xenomai on smp system (with
> local timers, imx6q for example).
> For example linux is always on one cpu and xenomai on other ?
> Or is there a complex algorithm to determine who is in a processor
> in a instance ?
> Linux can disturb xenomai more than single processor ?
> Is better (jitter, latency, etc...) xenomai on a multi-core than to
> single core ?

Well on a single core xenomai always does whatever it wants, and linux
gets whatever CPU is leftover.  So xenomai can cause a lot of trouble
for linux if your realtime code isn't nice to it.  So xenomai runs fine,
linux gets all the extra delays and jitter though.

I have no idea how it works with multiple cores yet (although I am sure
I will learn soon).

-- 
Len Sorensen

Re: [Xenomai] xenomai smp - how it works

[Philippe Gerum]

On 09/30/2013 06:37 PM, Roberto Bielli wrote:
> Hi,
>
> i would like to know how works in theory xenomai on smp system (with
> local timers, imx6q for example).

When per-cpu timers are available, Xenomai commonly uses them. They are 
usually shared with linux, so Xenomai interposes on the tick management 
code, to grab these timers for dealing with its own timing duties, and 
forwards the required ticks to the regular kernel. We use software-based 
timers for that, aka "host timer" in your IRQ/timer views.

There are two schedulers in a dual kernel Xenomai system, one for linux, 
the other maintained by Xenomai. Each scheduler defines a set of per-cpu 
runqueue to track threads.

> For example linux is always on one cpu and xenomai on other ?

Not necessarily, you may chose cpu affinity for threads depending on 
your requirements. You may also chose to dedicate a set of cpus -mostly- 
to running Xenomai threads using the common linux mechanism, with a 
varying degree of isolation (e.g. isolcpus, cpu sets).

> Or is there a complex algorithm to determine who is in a processor in a
> instance ?

No complex algorithm at all. A Xenomai thread is given a static affinity 
when it emerges, based on the one linux chose when cloning the new task. 
Then the Xenomai app may chose to change that affinity, using the 
relevant API calls (i.e. sched_setaffinity for the POSIX one). Xenomai 
will notice and maintain consistency between schedulers.

At any rate, Xenomai deliberately refrains from doing any dynamic load 
balancing over CPUs, because this is a latency killer (resuming from a 
cold cache, cost of the migration process and so on). If a Xenomai 
thread wants to move to another CPU, it has to request it explicitly.
We don't know how to do CPU migration efficiently wrt latency, so we 
don't do it, and accept dumbness.

> Linux can disturb xenomai more than single processor ?

I'd say only marginally, specifically in cases when the regular kernel 
code traverses a section which deals with a "hard" spinlock, i.e. one 
for which interrupt disabling is not emulated using a software-based PIC 
by the I-pipe, but really enforced by disabling hw interrupts in the CPU 
state. These sections are few and short, required for serializing the 
regular kernel and the Xenomai core, when a re-entry of the same code 
would be unsafe.

There may be SMP-specific interrupts causing additional jitter, but this 
overhead is marginal (unless the PIC management code executed upon 
interrupt is really crappy).

If that section is contented with another processor, the interrupt 
lockout has to be longer than in uniprocessor mode. But again, those 
sections are supposed to be as short as possible.

> Is better (jitter, latency, etc...) xenomai on a multi-core than to
> single core ?

Single core is better latency-wise, because there is no contention on 
CPU-shared resources, cache artifacts are less visible (no cache 
coherence management involved). SMP may even be worse with 
hyperthreading enabled on x86, unless the applications globally know 
what they are doing with respect to balancing the load over the core 
threads, which have to share portions of the cpu's execution resources 
internally.

>
> Thanks a lot
>


-- 
Philippe.

Re: [Xenomai] xenomai smp - how it works

[Gilles Chanteperdrix]

On 09/30/2013 06:37 PM, Roberto Bielli wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> i would like to know how works in theory xenomai on smp system (with 
> local timers, imx6q for example).

On mx6q specifically, it seems the framebuffer is a latency killer,
probably because of cache effects, the L2 full cache flush seems also to
need splitting, but it may be a side effect of the framebuffer driver. I
would recommend to try and map the framebuffer uncached to avoid
disturbing the cache when writing to the framebuffer. At the expense of
course of the graphic performance. I did not experience this first hand,
it was only reported to me, so I am not sure of my diagnosis. What I
could observe on other cortex A9 (OMAP4) is that the L2 cache spinlock
creates large latencies as well, but the latest versions of the I-pipe
patch should avoid this issue.

-- 
                                                                Gilles.

Re: [Xenomai] xenomai smp - how it works

[Roberto Bielli]

HI,

so with this content i think that if i want a more precise xenomai 
real-time (the linux level is less important than realtime)
it is better to use only a cpu without SMP on a multicore with a single 
external timer respect to using local timers.
Linux will be less responsive but the realtime tasks will have less 
interruptions for syncronize common hardware resources (cache, 
interrupts, and so on...)

Is this opinion correct ?

Il 30/09/2013 20:18, Philippe Gerum ha scritto:
> On 09/30/2013 06:37 PM, Roberto Bielli wrote:
>> Hi,
>>
>> i would like to know how works in theory xenomai on smp system (with
>> local timers, imx6q for example).
>
> When per-cpu timers are available, Xenomai commonly uses them. They 
> are usually shared with linux, so Xenomai interposes on the tick 
> management code, to grab these timers for dealing with its own timing 
> duties, and forwards the required ticks to the regular kernel. We use 
> software-based timers for that, aka "host timer" in your IRQ/timer views.
>
> There are two schedulers in a dual kernel Xenomai system, one for 
> linux, the other maintained by Xenomai. Each scheduler defines a set 
> of per-cpu runqueue to track threads.
>
>> For example linux is always on one cpu and xenomai on other ?
>
> Not necessarily, you may chose cpu affinity for threads depending on 
> your requirements. You may also chose to dedicate a set of cpus 
> -mostly- to running Xenomai threads using the common linux mechanism, 
> with a varying degree of isolation (e.g. isolcpus, cpu sets).
>
>> Or is there a complex algorithm to determine who is in a processor in a
>> instance ?
>
> No complex algorithm at all. A Xenomai thread is given a static 
> affinity when it emerges, based on the one linux chose when cloning 
> the new task. Then the Xenomai app may chose to change that affinity, 
> using the relevant API calls (i.e. sched_setaffinity for the POSIX 
> one). Xenomai will notice and maintain consistency between schedulers.
>
> At any rate, Xenomai deliberately refrains from doing any dynamic load 
> balancing over CPUs, because this is a latency killer (resuming from a 
> cold cache, cost of the migration process and so on). If a Xenomai 
> thread wants to move to another CPU, it has to request it explicitly.
> We don't know how to do CPU migration efficiently wrt latency, so we 
> don't do it, and accept dumbness.
>
>> Linux can disturb xenomai more than single processor ?
>
> I'd say only marginally, specifically in cases when the regular kernel 
> code traverses a section which deals with a "hard" spinlock, i.e. one 
> for which interrupt disabling is not emulated using a software-based 
> PIC by the I-pipe, but really enforced by disabling hw interrupts in 
> the CPU state. These sections are few and short, required for 
> serializing the regular kernel and the Xenomai core, when a re-entry 
> of the same code would be unsafe.
>
> There may be SMP-specific interrupts causing additional jitter, but 
> this overhead is marginal (unless the PIC management code executed 
> upon interrupt is really crappy).
>
> If that section is contented with another processor, the interrupt 
> lockout has to be longer than in uniprocessor mode. But again, those 
> sections are supposed to be as short as possible.
>
>> Is better (jitter, latency, etc...) xenomai on a multi-core than to
>> single core ?
>
> Single core is better latency-wise, because there is no contention on 
> CPU-shared resources, cache artifacts are less visible (no cache 
> coherence management involved). SMP may even be worse with 
> hyperthreading enabled on x86, unless the applications globally know 
> what they are doing with respect to balancing the load over the core 
> threads, which have to share portions of the cpu's execution resources 
> internally.
>
>>
>> Thanks a lot
>>
>
>


-- 
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
							
Roberto Bielli
Sviluppo Software					
Axel S.r.l.					
							
Via Del Cannino, 3 				
21020 Crosio Della Valle			
Varese - Italy					
							
Telefono: +39 0332 949600			
Fax:      +39 0332 969315			
							
E-mail:   roberto.bielli@axelsw.it	
Web Site: www.axelsw.it

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Si precisa che le informazioni contenute in questo messaggio sono riservate e ad uso esclusivo del destinatario.
Qualora il messaggio in parola Le fosse pervenuto per errore, La preghiamo di eliminarlo senza copiarlo e di non inoltrarlo a terzi,
dandocene gentilmente comunicazione. Grazie.
Informativa sul trattamento dei dati personali (D. Lgs. 196/2003).
I dati utilizzati per la spedizione del presente messaggio sono utilizzati da Axel S.r.l., titolare del trattamento,
per l'invio delle comunicazioni dei diversi settori aziendali, non essendo autorizzata la divulgazione a terzi.
Potrete rivolgere alla seguente mail richieste di verifica, rettifica o cancellazione dei Vostri dati: info@axelsw.it

This e-mail and any attachments is confidential and may contain privileged information
intended for the addressee(s) only. Dissemination, copying, printing or use by anybody
else is unauthorised. If you are not the intended recipient,
please delete this message and any attachments and advise the sender
by return e-mail.Thank you.  			
							
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+