From: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
To: David Brazdil <dbrazdil@google.com>
Cc: kernel-team@android.com,
Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>,
Andrew Walbran <qwandor@google.com>,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>,
Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>, Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>,
Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>,
kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 08/24] kvm: arm64: Add SMC handler in nVHE EL2
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 2020 18:00:50 +0000 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <87a6v854x9.wl-maz@kernel.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20201116204318.63987-9-dbrazdil@google.com>
On Mon, 16 Nov 2020 20:43:02 +0000,
David Brazdil <dbrazdil@google.com> wrote:
>
> Add handler of host SMCs in KVM nVHE trap handler. Forward all SMCs to
> EL3 and propagate the result back to EL1. This is done in preparation
> for validating host SMCs in KVM nVHE protected mode.
>
> The implementation assumes that firmware uses SMCCC v1.2 or older. That
> means x0-x17 can be used both for arguments and results, other GPRs are
> preserved.
>
> Signed-off-by: David Brazdil <dbrazdil@google.com>
> ---
> arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++
> 2 files changed, 64 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S
> index ed27f06a31ba..52dae5cd5a28 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S
> @@ -183,3 +183,41 @@ SYM_CODE_START(__kvm_hyp_host_vector)
> invalid_host_el1_vect // FIQ 32-bit EL1
> invalid_host_el1_vect // Error 32-bit EL1
> SYM_CODE_END(__kvm_hyp_host_vector)
> +
> +/*
> + * Forward SMC with arguments in struct kvm_cpu_context, and
> + * store the result into the same struct. Assumes SMCCC 1.2 or older.
> + *
> + * x0: struct kvm_cpu_context*
> + */
> +SYM_CODE_START(__kvm_hyp_host_forward_smc)
> + /*
> + * Use x18 to keep a pointer to the host context because x18
> + * is callee-saved SMCCC but not in AAPCS64.
> + */
> + mov x18, x0
> +
> + ldp x0, x1, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(0)]
> + ldp x2, x3, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(2)]
> + ldp x4, x5, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(4)]
> + ldp x6, x7, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(6)]
> + ldp x8, x9, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(8)]
> + ldp x10, x11, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(10)]
> + ldp x12, x13, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(12)]
> + ldp x14, x15, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(14)]
> + ldp x16, x17, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(16)]
> +
> + smc #0
> +
> + stp x0, x1, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(0)]
> + stp x2, x3, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(2)]
> + stp x4, x5, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(4)]
> + stp x6, x7, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(6)]
> + stp x8, x9, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(8)]
> + stp x10, x11, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(10)]
> + stp x12, x13, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(12)]
> + stp x14, x15, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(14)]
> + stp x16, x17, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(16)]
This is going to be really good for CPUs that need to use ARCH_WA1 for
their Spectre-v2 mitigation... :-( If that's too expensive, we may
have to reduce the number of save/restored registers, but I'm worried
the battle is already lost by the time we reach this (the host trap
path is already a huge hammer).
Eventually, we'll have to insert the mitigation in the vectors anyway,
just like we have on the guest exit path. Boo.
Thanks,
M.
--
Without deviation from the norm, progress is not possible.
_______________________________________________
kvmarm mailing list
kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu
https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/mailman/listinfo/kvmarm
WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
To: David Brazdil <dbrazdil@google.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>,
kernel-team@android.com,
Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>,
Andrew Walbran <qwandor@google.com>,
Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
Quentin Perret <qperret@google.com>,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>,
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>,
Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>, Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>,
Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>,
kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu,
Julien Thierry <julien.thierry.kdev@gmail.com>,
Andrew Scull <ascull@google.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 08/24] kvm: arm64: Add SMC handler in nVHE EL2
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 2020 18:00:50 +0000 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <87a6v854x9.wl-maz@kernel.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20201116204318.63987-9-dbrazdil@google.com>
On Mon, 16 Nov 2020 20:43:02 +0000,
David Brazdil <dbrazdil@google.com> wrote:
>
> Add handler of host SMCs in KVM nVHE trap handler. Forward all SMCs to
> EL3 and propagate the result back to EL1. This is done in preparation
> for validating host SMCs in KVM nVHE protected mode.
>
> The implementation assumes that firmware uses SMCCC v1.2 or older. That
> means x0-x17 can be used both for arguments and results, other GPRs are
> preserved.
>
> Signed-off-by: David Brazdil <dbrazdil@google.com>
> ---
> arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++
> 2 files changed, 64 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S
> index ed27f06a31ba..52dae5cd5a28 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S
> @@ -183,3 +183,41 @@ SYM_CODE_START(__kvm_hyp_host_vector)
> invalid_host_el1_vect // FIQ 32-bit EL1
> invalid_host_el1_vect // Error 32-bit EL1
> SYM_CODE_END(__kvm_hyp_host_vector)
> +
> +/*
> + * Forward SMC with arguments in struct kvm_cpu_context, and
> + * store the result into the same struct. Assumes SMCCC 1.2 or older.
> + *
> + * x0: struct kvm_cpu_context*
> + */
> +SYM_CODE_START(__kvm_hyp_host_forward_smc)
> + /*
> + * Use x18 to keep a pointer to the host context because x18
> + * is callee-saved SMCCC but not in AAPCS64.
> + */
> + mov x18, x0
> +
> + ldp x0, x1, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(0)]
> + ldp x2, x3, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(2)]
> + ldp x4, x5, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(4)]
> + ldp x6, x7, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(6)]
> + ldp x8, x9, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(8)]
> + ldp x10, x11, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(10)]
> + ldp x12, x13, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(12)]
> + ldp x14, x15, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(14)]
> + ldp x16, x17, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(16)]
> +
> + smc #0
> +
> + stp x0, x1, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(0)]
> + stp x2, x3, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(2)]
> + stp x4, x5, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(4)]
> + stp x6, x7, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(6)]
> + stp x8, x9, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(8)]
> + stp x10, x11, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(10)]
> + stp x12, x13, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(12)]
> + stp x14, x15, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(14)]
> + stp x16, x17, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(16)]
This is going to be really good for CPUs that need to use ARCH_WA1 for
their Spectre-v2 mitigation... :-( If that's too expensive, we may
have to reduce the number of save/restored registers, but I'm worried
the battle is already lost by the time we reach this (the host trap
path is already a huge hammer).
Eventually, we'll have to insert the mitigation in the vectors anyway,
just like we have on the guest exit path. Boo.
Thanks,
M.
--
Without deviation from the norm, progress is not possible.
_______________________________________________
linux-arm-kernel mailing list
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
http://lists.infradead.org/mailman/listinfo/linux-arm-kernel
WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
To: David Brazdil <dbrazdil@google.com>
Cc: kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu,
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>,
Julien Thierry <julien.thierry.kdev@gmail.com>,
Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>, Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>,
Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>, Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>,
Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>,
Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>,
Quentin Perret <qperret@google.com>,
Andrew Scull <ascull@google.com>,
Andrew Walbran <qwandor@google.com>,
kernel-team@android.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 08/24] kvm: arm64: Add SMC handler in nVHE EL2
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 2020 18:00:50 +0000 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <87a6v854x9.wl-maz@kernel.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20201116204318.63987-9-dbrazdil@google.com>
On Mon, 16 Nov 2020 20:43:02 +0000,
David Brazdil <dbrazdil@google.com> wrote:
>
> Add handler of host SMCs in KVM nVHE trap handler. Forward all SMCs to
> EL3 and propagate the result back to EL1. This is done in preparation
> for validating host SMCs in KVM nVHE protected mode.
>
> The implementation assumes that firmware uses SMCCC v1.2 or older. That
> means x0-x17 can be used both for arguments and results, other GPRs are
> preserved.
>
> Signed-off-by: David Brazdil <dbrazdil@google.com>
> ---
> arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++
> 2 files changed, 64 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S
> index ed27f06a31ba..52dae5cd5a28 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S
> @@ -183,3 +183,41 @@ SYM_CODE_START(__kvm_hyp_host_vector)
> invalid_host_el1_vect // FIQ 32-bit EL1
> invalid_host_el1_vect // Error 32-bit EL1
> SYM_CODE_END(__kvm_hyp_host_vector)
> +
> +/*
> + * Forward SMC with arguments in struct kvm_cpu_context, and
> + * store the result into the same struct. Assumes SMCCC 1.2 or older.
> + *
> + * x0: struct kvm_cpu_context*
> + */
> +SYM_CODE_START(__kvm_hyp_host_forward_smc)
> + /*
> + * Use x18 to keep a pointer to the host context because x18
> + * is callee-saved SMCCC but not in AAPCS64.
> + */
> + mov x18, x0
> +
> + ldp x0, x1, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(0)]
> + ldp x2, x3, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(2)]
> + ldp x4, x5, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(4)]
> + ldp x6, x7, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(6)]
> + ldp x8, x9, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(8)]
> + ldp x10, x11, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(10)]
> + ldp x12, x13, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(12)]
> + ldp x14, x15, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(14)]
> + ldp x16, x17, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(16)]
> +
> + smc #0
> +
> + stp x0, x1, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(0)]
> + stp x2, x3, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(2)]
> + stp x4, x5, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(4)]
> + stp x6, x7, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(6)]
> + stp x8, x9, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(8)]
> + stp x10, x11, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(10)]
> + stp x12, x13, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(12)]
> + stp x14, x15, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(14)]
> + stp x16, x17, [x18, #CPU_XREG_OFFSET(16)]
This is going to be really good for CPUs that need to use ARCH_WA1 for
their Spectre-v2 mitigation... :-( If that's too expensive, we may
have to reduce the number of save/restored registers, but I'm worried
the battle is already lost by the time we reach this (the host trap
path is already a huge hammer).
Eventually, we'll have to insert the mitigation in the vectors anyway,
just like we have on the guest exit path. Boo.
Thanks,
M.
--
Without deviation from the norm, progress is not possible.
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2020-11-23 18:01 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 135+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2020-11-16 20:42 [PATCH v2 00/24] Opt-in always-on nVHE hypervisor David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` [PATCH v2 01/24] psci: Support psci_ops.get_version for v0.1 David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` [PATCH v2 02/24] psci: Accessor for configured PSCI function IDs David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-23 13:47 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 13:47 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 13:47 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-16 20:42 ` [PATCH v2 03/24] arm64: Make cpu_logical_map() take unsigned int David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` [PATCH v2 04/24] arm64: Move MAIR_EL1_SET to asm/memory.h David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-23 13:52 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 13:52 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 13:52 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-25 10:31 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-25 10:31 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-25 10:31 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-25 11:21 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-25 11:21 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-25 11:21 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-25 13:26 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-25 13:26 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-25 13:26 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-25 13:33 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-25 13:33 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-25 13:33 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-16 20:42 ` [PATCH v2 05/24] kvm: arm64: Initialize MAIR_EL2 using a constant David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:42 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 06/24] kvm: arm64: Move hyp-init params to a per-CPU struct David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-23 14:20 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 14:20 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 14:20 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-25 10:39 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-25 10:39 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-25 10:39 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-25 10:49 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-25 10:49 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-25 10:49 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 07/24] kvm: arm64: Refactor handle_trap to use a switch David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-23 14:32 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 14:32 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 14:32 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 08/24] kvm: arm64: Add SMC handler in nVHE EL2 David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-23 18:00 ` Marc Zyngier [this message]
2020-11-23 18:00 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 18:00 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 09/24] kvm: arm64: Add .hyp.data..ro_after_init ELF section David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 10/24] kvm: arm64: Support per_cpu_ptr in nVHE hyp code David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 11/24] kvm: arm64: Create nVHE copy of cpu_logical_map David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 12/24] kvm: arm64: Bootstrap PSCI SMC handler in nVHE EL2 David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-23 17:55 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 17:55 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 17:55 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 13/24] kvm: arm64: Add offset for hyp VA <-> PA conversion David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 14/24] kvm: arm64: Forward safe PSCI SMCs coming from host David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 15/24] kvm: arm64: Extract parts of el2_setup into a macro David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-23 15:27 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 15:27 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 15:27 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-25 12:57 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-25 12:57 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-25 12:57 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 16/24] kvm: arm64: Extract __do_hyp_init into a helper function David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 17/24] kvm: arm64: Add CPU entry point in nVHE hyp David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 18/24] kvm: arm64: Add function to enter host from KVM nVHE hyp code David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 19/24] kvm: arm64: Intercept host's PSCI_CPU_ON SMCs David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-23 17:04 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 17:04 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 17:04 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 20/24] kvm: arm64: Intercept host's CPU_SUSPEND PSCI SMCs David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-23 17:22 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 17:22 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 17:22 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 21/24] kvm: arm64: Add kvm-arm.protected early kernel parameter David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-23 17:30 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 17:30 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 17:30 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 22/24] kvm: arm64: Keep nVHE EL2 vector installed David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 23/24] kvm: arm64: Trap host SMCs in protected mode David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-23 17:36 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 17:36 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 17:36 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-16 20:43 ` [PATCH v2 24/24] kvm: arm64: Fix EL2 mode availability checks David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-16 20:43 ` David Brazdil
2020-11-23 13:44 ` [PATCH v2 00/24] Opt-in always-on nVHE hypervisor Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 13:44 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 13:44 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 18:01 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 18:01 ` Marc Zyngier
2020-11-23 18:01 ` Marc Zyngier
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=87a6v854x9.wl-maz@kernel.org \
--to=maz@kernel.org \
--cc=catalin.marinas@arm.com \
--cc=cl@linux.com \
--cc=dbrazdil@google.com \
--cc=dennis@kernel.org \
--cc=kernel-team@android.com \
--cc=kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu \
--cc=linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org \
--cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com \
--cc=qwandor@google.com \
--cc=tj@kernel.org \
--cc=will@kernel.org \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.