[PATCH 0/6] arm64: Introduce Axera AX650 SoC and AX650 Demo board

[PATCH 0/6] arm64: Introduce Axera AX650 SoC and AX650 Demo board

[Leng Honglin]

Axera AX650 is an Arm64 SoC developed by Axera Semiconductor. The
AX650 Demo board is based on the AX650 SoC and provides the hardware
platform used to validate this series.

This series adds the initial upstream support required to build and
boot the Linux kernel on the AX650 Demo board.

The initial platform support includes:

- Axera AX650 SoC and AX650 Demo devicetree bindings
- ARCH_AXERA arm64 platform selection
- arm64 defconfig support
- Cortex-A55 CPUs and PSCI
- GIC-400 interrupt controller
- ARMv8 architectural timer
- Cortex-A55 PMU
- UART console
- 8 GiB system memory
- Axera ARM64 SoC maintainer information

The patches are organized as follows:

- Patch 1/6: Add the Axera vendor prefix.
- Patch 2/6: Add devicetree bindings for the AX650 SoC and
  AX650 Demo board.
- Patch 3/6: Add the ARCH_AXERA arm64 platform option.
- Patch 4/6: Enable ARCH_AXERA in the arm64 defconfig.
- Patch 5/6: Add the initial devicetree description for the AX650 SoC
  and AX650 Demo board.
- Patch 6/6: Add Axera ARM64 SoC entries to MAINTAINERS.

The series is intentionally limited to the minimum platform support
required to boot the board with a serial console. Additional
peripherals will be added in subsequent patches.

The platform was tested on an AX650 Demo board using the vendor boot
chain to load the kernel and device tree. A kernel with an embedded
initramfs successfully reached an interactive shell on the serial
console, and all 8 CPUs were brought online.

Signed-off-by: Leng Honglin <lenghonglin@axera-tech.com>
---
Leng Honglin (6):
      dt-bindings: vendor-prefixes: add Axera
      dt-bindings: arm: add Axera AX650 SoC and AX650 Demo board
      arm64: Kconfig.platforms: add ARCH_AXERA
      arm64: defconfig: enable ARCH_AXERA
      arm64: dts: axera: add AX650 Demo initial support
      MAINTAINERS: add Axera ARM SoC support

 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/axera.yaml   |  24 ++++
 .../devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.yaml       |   2 +
 MAINTAINERS                                        |   8 ++
 arch/arm64/Kconfig.platforms                       |   5 +
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/Makefile                       |   1 +
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/Makefile                 |   3 +
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650-demo.dts           |  30 +++++
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650.dtsi               | 134 +++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/arm64/configs/defconfig                       |   1 +
 9 files changed, 208 insertions(+)
---
base-commit: ff68e5f557f69a08fdcfa4ce8b1b809d63bd4f45
change-id: 20260818-ax650-v1-9f5c1965d1e6

Best regards,
--  
Leng Honglin <lenghonglin@axera-tech.com>

[PATCH 1/6] dt-bindings: vendor-prefixes: add Axera

[Leng Honglin]

Add the Axera Semiconductor vendor prefix for devicetree bindings.

Reviewed-by: Shi Zhicheng <shizhicheng@axera-tech.com>
Signed-off-by: Leng Honglin <lenghonglin@axera-tech.com>
---
 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.yaml | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.yaml b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.yaml
index 396044f368e7..1dbafe682724 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.yaml
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.yaml
@@ -219,6 +219,8 @@ patternProperties:
     description: Shanghai Awinic Technology Co., Ltd.
   "^axentia,.*":
     description: Axentia Technologies AB
+  "^axera,.*":
+    description: Axera Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
   "^axiado,.*":
     description: Axiado Corporation
   "^axis,.*":

-- 
2.34.1

Re: [PATCH 1/6] dt-bindings: vendor-prefixes: add Axera

[Krzysztof Kozlowski]

On 21/08/2026 11:30, Leng Honglin wrote:
> Add the Axera Semiconductor vendor prefix for devicetree bindings.
> 
> Reviewed-by: Shi Zhicheng <shizhicheng@axera-tech.com>

Where did it happen and what was here exactly reviewed? Did reviewer
understand statement of oversight? I am asking because this is v1 and
has already clearly visible issue (below).


> Signed-off-by: Leng Honglin <lenghonglin@axera-tech.com>
> ---
>  Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.yaml | 2 ++
>  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.yaml b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.yaml
> index 396044f368e7..1dbafe682724 100644
> --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.yaml
> +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.yaml
> @@ -219,6 +219,8 @@ patternProperties:
>      description: Shanghai Awinic Technology Co., Ltd.
>    "^axentia,.*":
>      description: Axentia Technologies AB
> +  "^axera,.*":

So your domain is axera.com?


> +    description: Axera Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
Best regards,
Krzysztof

[PATCH 2/6] dt-bindings: arm: add Axera AX650 SoC and AX650 Demo board

[Leng Honglin]

Add devicetree bindings for the Axera AX650 SoC and AX650 Demo board.

Reviewed-by: Shi Zhicheng <shizhicheng@axera-tech.com>
Signed-off-by: Leng Honglin <lenghonglin@axera-tech.com>
---
 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/axera.yaml | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/axera.yaml b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/axera.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..28bf0ce9fd27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/axera.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause
+%YAML 1.2
+---
+$id: http://devicetree.org/schemas/arm/axera.yaml#
+$schema: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/core.yaml#
+
+title: Axera platforms
+
+maintainers:
+  - Shi Zhicheng <shizhicheng@axera-tech.com>
+  - Leng Honglin <lenghonglin@axera-tech.com>
+
+properties:
+  $nodename:
+    const: '/'
+  compatible:
+    oneOf:
+      - items:
+          - const: axera,ax650-demo
+          - const: axera,ax650
+
+additionalProperties: true
+
+...

-- 
2.34.1

[PATCH 3/6] arm64: Kconfig.platforms: add ARCH_AXERA

[Leng Honglin]

Enable the ARCH_AXERA platform option for Axera arm64 platforms.

Reviewed-by: Shi Zhicheng <shizhicheng@axera-tech.com>
Signed-off-by: Leng Honglin <lenghonglin@axera-tech.com>
---
 arch/arm64/Kconfig.platforms | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/Kconfig.platforms b/arch/arm64/Kconfig.platforms
index d2acfac73003..a6f2f009461e 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/Kconfig.platforms
+++ b/arch/arm64/Kconfig.platforms
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@ config ARCH_ASPEED
 	  This enables support for ASPEED's SoC family, such as the
 	  ast27XX 8th generation Baseboard Management Controller (BMC).
 
+config ARCH_AXERA
+	bool "Axera SoC family"
+	help
+	  This enables support for the Axera SoC family.
+
 config ARCH_AXIADO
 	bool "Axiado SoC Family"
 	select GPIOLIB

-- 
2.34.1

[PATCH 4/6] arm64: defconfig: enable ARCH_AXERA

[Leng Honglin]

Enable ARCH_AXERA in the arm64 defconfig.

Reviewed-by: Shi Zhicheng <shizhicheng@axera-tech.com>
Signed-off-by: Leng Honglin <lenghonglin@axera-tech.com>
---
 arch/arm64/configs/defconfig | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/configs/defconfig b/arch/arm64/configs/defconfig
index 654a102cb5bc..a2c2b41f0146 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/configs/defconfig
+++ b/arch/arm64/configs/defconfig
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_ARCH_ALPINE=y
 CONFIG_ARCH_APPLE=y
 CONFIG_ARCH_ARTPEC=y
 CONFIG_ARCH_ASPEED=y
+CONFIG_ARCH_AXERA=y
 CONFIG_ARCH_AXIADO=y
 CONFIG_ARCH_BCM=y
 CONFIG_ARCH_BCM2835=y

-- 
2.34.1

[PATCH 5/6] arm64: dts: axera: add AX650 Demo initial support

[Leng Honglin]

Add initial device tree support for the Axera AX650 SoC and Demo board.

Reviewed-by: Shi Zhicheng <shizhicheng@axera-tech.com>
Signed-off-by: Leng Honglin <lenghonglin@axera-tech.com>
---
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/Makefile             |   1 +
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/Makefile       |   3 +
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650-demo.dts |  30 +++++++
 arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650.dtsi     | 134 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 168 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/Makefile b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/Makefile
index fc726b215f12..93740acb553d 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/Makefile
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ subdir-y += apm
 subdir-y += apple
 subdir-y += arm
 subdir-y += aspeed
+subdir-y += axera
 subdir-y += axiado
 subdir-y += bitmain
 subdir-y += blaize
diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/Makefile b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..76f436a9466a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+dtb-$(CONFIG_ARCH_AXERA) += ax650-demo.dtb
diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650-demo.dts b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650-demo.dts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aef8f0516232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650-demo.dts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR MIT)
+/*
+ * Copyright 2026 Axera Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
+ */
+
+/dts-v1/;
+
+#include "ax650.dtsi"
+
+/ {
+	model = "Axera AX650 Demo";
+	compatible = "axera,ax650-demo", "axera,ax650";
+
+	aliases {
+		serial0 = &uart0;
+	};
+
+	memory@100000000 {
+		device_type = "memory";
+		reg = <0x1 0x00000000 0x2 0x00000000>;
+	};
+
+	chosen {
+		stdout-path = "serial0:115200n8";
+	};
+};
+
+&uart0 {
+	status = "okay";
+};
diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650.dtsi b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650.dtsi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4fceaee81496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650.dtsi
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR MIT)
+/*
+ * Copyright 2026 Axera Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
+ */
+
+#include <dt-bindings/interrupt-controller/arm-gic.h>
+#include <dt-bindings/interrupt-controller/irq.h>
+
+/ {
+	interrupt-parent = <&gic>;
+	#address-cells = <2>;
+	#size-cells = <2>;
+
+	cpus {
+		#address-cells = <1>;
+		#size-cells = <0>;
+
+		cpu0: cpu@0 {
+			device_type = "cpu";
+			compatible = "arm,cortex-a55";
+			reg = <0x0>;
+			enable-method = "psci";
+		};
+
+		cpu1: cpu@100 {
+			device_type = "cpu";
+			compatible = "arm,cortex-a55";
+			reg = <0x100>;
+			enable-method = "psci";
+		};
+
+		cpu2: cpu@200 {
+			device_type = "cpu";
+			compatible = "arm,cortex-a55";
+			reg = <0x200>;
+			enable-method = "psci";
+		};
+
+		cpu3: cpu@300 {
+			device_type = "cpu";
+			compatible = "arm,cortex-a55";
+			reg = <0x300>;
+			enable-method = "psci";
+		};
+
+		cpu4: cpu@400 {
+			device_type = "cpu";
+			compatible = "arm,cortex-a55";
+			reg = <0x400>;
+			enable-method = "psci";
+		};
+
+		cpu5: cpu@500 {
+			device_type = "cpu";
+			compatible = "arm,cortex-a55";
+			reg = <0x500>;
+			enable-method = "psci";
+		};
+
+		cpu6: cpu@600 {
+			device_type = "cpu";
+			compatible = "arm,cortex-a55";
+			reg = <0x600>;
+			enable-method = "psci";
+		};
+
+		cpu7: cpu@700 {
+			device_type = "cpu";
+			compatible = "arm,cortex-a55";
+			reg = <0x700>;
+			enable-method = "psci";
+		};
+	};
+
+	psci {
+		compatible = "arm,psci-1.0";
+		method = "smc";
+	};
+
+	timer {
+		compatible = "arm,armv8-timer";
+		interrupts = <GIC_PPI 13
+			(GIC_CPU_MASK_SIMPLE(8) | IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH)>,
+			<GIC_PPI 14
+			(GIC_CPU_MASK_SIMPLE(8) | IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH)>,
+			<GIC_PPI 11
+			(GIC_CPU_MASK_SIMPLE(8) | IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH)>,
+			<GIC_PPI 10
+			(GIC_CPU_MASK_SIMPLE(8) | IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH)>;
+	};
+
+	/* GIC-400 block base; register frames start at offset 0x1000. */
+	gic: interrupt-controller@4900000 {
+		compatible = "arm,gic-400";
+		#interrupt-cells = <3>;
+		#address-cells = <0>;
+		interrupt-controller;
+		reg = <0x0 0x4901000 0x0 0x1000>,
+			<0x0 0x4902000 0x0 0x1000>,
+			<0x0 0x4904000 0x0 0x2000>,
+			<0x0 0x4906000 0x0 0x2000>;
+	};
+
+	pmu {
+		compatible = "arm,cortex-a55-pmu";
+		interrupts = <GIC_SPI 80 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>,
+			<GIC_SPI 81 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>,
+			<GIC_SPI 82 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>,
+			<GIC_SPI 83 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>,
+			<GIC_SPI 84 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>,
+			<GIC_SPI 85 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>,
+			<GIC_SPI 86 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>,
+			<GIC_SPI 87 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>;
+		interrupt-affinity = <&cpu0>, <&cpu1>, <&cpu2>, <&cpu3>,
+			<&cpu4>, <&cpu5>, <&cpu6>, <&cpu7>;
+	};
+
+	soc {
+		compatible = "simple-bus";
+		#address-cells = <2>;
+		#size-cells = <2>;
+		ranges;
+
+		uart0: serial@2016000 {
+			compatible = "snps,dw-apb-uart";
+			reg = <0x0 0x02016000 0x0 0x400>;
+			reg-shift = <2>;
+			reg-io-width = <4>;
+			clock-frequency = <200000000>;
+			interrupts = <GIC_SPI 135 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>;
+			status = "disabled";
+		};
+	};
+};

-- 
2.34.1

Re: [PATCH 5/6] arm64: dts: axera: add AX650 Demo initial support

[Krzysztof Kozlowski]

On 21/08/2026 11:30, Leng Honglin wrote:
> Add initial device tree support for the Axera AX650 SoC and Demo board.
> 
> Reviewed-by: Shi Zhicheng <shizhicheng@axera-tech.com>

I have more doubts, looks more like automated acking.

...

> +	/* GIC-400 block base; register frames start at offset 0x1000. */
> +	gic: interrupt-controller@4900000 {

MMIO nodes are not placed in top level and your internal review should
have tell you that.

Also, entire file looks like failing on dt-style-check.

Best regards,
Krzysztof

Re: [PATCH 5/6] arm64: dts: axera: add AX650 Demo initial support

[sashiko-bot]

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 3 potential issue(s) to consider:
- [High] Architectural incompatibility: Cortex-A55 CPUs paired with a legacy GIC-400 interrupt controller.
- [Medium] The GIC-400 node is misconfigured: incorrect CPU interface size, missing VGIC maintenance interrupt, and unit address mismatch.
- [Medium] The `cpus` node incorrectly uses `#address-cells = <1>` on an ARM64 system.
--

--- Patch [5]: [PATCH 5/6] arm64: dts: axera: add AX650 Demo initial support ---
commit 37472cfe2d70aac44a9e284715ad040433a0f768
Author: Leng Honglin <lenghonglin@axera-tech.com>

arm64: dts: axera: add AX650 Demo initial support

This commit adds initial device tree support for the Axera AX650 SoC and
Demo board.

> diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650.dtsi b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650.dtsi
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000000000..4fceaee81496c
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/ax650.dtsi
> @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR MIT)
> +/*
> + * Copyright 2026 Axera Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
> + */
> +
> +#include <dt-bindings/interrupt-controller/arm-gic.h>
> +#include <dt-bindings/interrupt-controller/irq.h>
> +
> +/ {
> +	interrupt-parent = <&gic>;
> +	#address-cells = <2>;
> +	#size-cells = <2>;
> +
> +	cpus {
> +		#address-cells = <1>;

[Severity: Medium]
Should this node use #address-cells = <2>? ARM64 systems typically require
2 cells to correctly represent the 64-bit MPIDR_EL1 register (which includes
the Aff3 field) and comply with ARM CPU device tree binding schemas.

> +		#size-cells = <0>;
> +
> +		cpu0: cpu@0 {
> +			device_type = "cpu";
> +			compatible = "arm,cortex-a55";
> +			reg = <0x0>;
> +			enable-method = "psci";
> +		};

[ ... ]

> +	/* GIC-400 block base; register frames start at offset 0x1000. */
> +	gic: interrupt-controller@4900000 {
> +		compatible = "arm,gic-400";

[Severity: High]
Can a legacy GIC-400 interrupt controller be paired with the Cortex-A55
cores defined above? Cortex-A55 cores integrate a GICv3 CPU interface
accessed via system registers and do not support the legacy GICv2
memory-mapped CPU interface (GICC).

The kernel will attempt to probe a GIC-400 and memory-map its GICC region,
while the CPUs expect to use GICv3 system registers, which could lead to
incorrect interrupt routing or boot failure.

[Severity: Medium]
Is the configuration of this node completely accurate?

The unit address (@4900000) does not match the first register address
(0x4901000).

The CPU interface size (second reg entry) appears to be 0x1000 instead of
0x2000. This undersized CPU interface prevents the kernel from accessing the
GICC_DIR register, forcing it to disable split-EOI functionality.

Does this node also need an interrupts property for the VGIC maintenance
interrupt? Without it, KVM virtualization will fail to initialize.

> +		#interrupt-cells = <3>;
> +		#address-cells = <0>;
> +		interrupt-controller;
> +		reg = <0x0 0x4901000 0x0 0x1000>,
> +			<0x0 0x4902000 0x0 0x1000>,
> +			<0x0 0x4904000 0x0 0x2000>,
> +			<0x0 0x4906000 0x0 0x2000>;
> +	};

-- 
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260821-ax650-v1-v1-0-e1b013938e6b@axera-tech.com?part=5

[PATCH 6/6] MAINTAINERS: add Axera ARM SoC support

[Leng Honglin]

Add maintainers and file patterns for Axera AX650 ARM64 support.

Reviewed-by: Shi Zhicheng <shizhicheng@axera-tech.com>
Signed-off-by: Leng Honglin <lenghonglin@axera-tech.com>
---
 MAINTAINERS | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index b7094a616afd..b3ac89227856 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -4398,6 +4398,14 @@ S:	Orphan
 F:	Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/axentia,*
 F:	sound/soc/atmel/tse850-pcm5142.c
 
+AXERA ARM64 SOC SUPPORT
+M:	Shi Zhicheng <shizhicheng@axera-tech.com>
+M:	Leng Honglin <lenghonglin@axera-tech.com>
+L:	linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org (moderated for non-subscribers)
+S:	Maintained
+F:	Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/axera.yaml
+F:	arch/arm64/boot/dts/axera/
+
 AXIS ARTPEC ARM64 SoC SUPPORT
 M:	Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
 M:	Lars Persson <lars.persson@axis.com>

-- 
2.34.1