* RE: [PATCH v4 rdma-next 17/18] IB/core: Define 'ib' and 'roce' rdma_ah_attr types
From: Parav Pandit @ 2017-10-04 21:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Dasaratharaman Chandramouli, Doug Ledford; +Cc: linux-rdma
In-Reply-To: <1493491290-31621-18-git-send-email-dasaratharaman.chandramouli-ral2JQCrhuEAvxtiuMwx3w@public.gmane.org>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: linux-rdma-owner-u79uwXL29TY76Z2rM5mHXA@public.gmane.org [mailto:linux-rdma-
> owner-u79uwXL29TY76Z2rM5mHXA@public.gmane.org] On Behalf Of Dasaratharaman Chandramouli
> Sent: Saturday, April 29, 2017 1:41 PM
> To: Doug Ledford <dledford-H+wXaHxf7aLQT0dZR+AlfA@public.gmane.org>
> Cc: linux-rdma <linux-rdma-u79uwXL29TY76Z2rM5mHXA@public.gmane.org>
> Subject: [PATCH v4 rdma-next 17/18] IB/core: Define 'ib' and 'roce'
> rdma_ah_attr types
> +/*Get AH type */
> +static inline enum rdma_ah_attr_type rdma_ah_find_type(struct ib_device
> *dev,
> + u32 port_num)
> +{
> + if ((rdma_protocol_roce(dev, port_num)) ||
> + (rdma_protocol_iwarp(dev, port_num)))
> + return RDMA_AH_ATTR_TYPE_ROCE;
Check for iWarp to define AH attribute type as RoCE appears error to me.
Taking quick look at i40iw and nes drivers appears to return -ENOSYS for i40iw_create_ah(), nes_create_ah.
Will you please submit a fix that avoids above iWarp check?
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^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [v10 3/6] mm, oom: cgroup-aware OOM killer
From: Shakeel Butt @ 2017-10-04 21:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Roman Gushchin
Cc: Linux MM, Michal Hocko, Vladimir Davydov, Johannes Weiner,
Tetsuo Handa, David Rientjes, Andrew Morton, Tejun Heo,
kernel-team, Cgroups, linux-doc, LKML
In-Reply-To: <20171004201524.GA4174@castle>
>> > + if (memcg_has_children(iter))
>> > + continue;
>>
>> && iter != root_mem_cgroup ?
>
> Oh, sure. I had a stupid bug in my test script, which prevented me from
> catching this. Thanks!
>
> This should fix the problem.
> --
> diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
> index 2e82625bd354..b3848bce4c86 100644
> --- a/mm/memcontrol.c
> +++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
> @@ -2807,7 +2807,8 @@ static void select_victim_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *root, struct oom_control *oc)
> * We don't consider non-leaf non-oom_group memory cgroups
> * as OOM victims.
> */
> - if (memcg_has_children(iter) && !mem_cgroup_oom_group(iter))
> + if (memcg_has_children(iter) && iter != root_mem_cgroup &&
> + !mem_cgroup_oom_group(iter))
> continue;
I think you are mixing the 3rd and 4th patch. The root_mem_cgroup
check should be in 3rd while oom_group stuff should be in 4th.
>>
>> Shouldn't there be a CSS_ONLINE check? Also instead of css_get at the
>> end why not css_tryget_online() here and css_put for the previous
>> selected one.
>
> Hm, why do we need to check this? I do not see, how we can choose
> an OFFLINE memcg as a victim, tbh. Please, explain the problem.
>
Sorry about the confusion. There are two things. First, should we do a
css_get on the newly selected memcg within the for loop when we still
have a reference to it?
Second, for the OFFLINE memcg, you are right oom_evaluate_memcg() will
return 0 for offlined memcgs. Maybe no need to call
oom_evaluate_memcg() for offlined memcgs.
--
To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
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see: http://www.linux-mm.org/ .
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^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [v10 3/6] mm, oom: cgroup-aware OOM killer
From: Shakeel Butt @ 2017-10-04 21:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Roman Gushchin
Cc: Linux MM, Michal Hocko, Vladimir Davydov, Johannes Weiner,
Tetsuo Handa, David Rientjes, Andrew Morton, Tejun Heo,
kernel-team, Cgroups, linux-doc, LKML
In-Reply-To: <20171004201524.GA4174@castle>
>> > + if (memcg_has_children(iter))
>> > + continue;
>>
>> && iter != root_mem_cgroup ?
>
> Oh, sure. I had a stupid bug in my test script, which prevented me from
> catching this. Thanks!
>
> This should fix the problem.
> --
> diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
> index 2e82625bd354..b3848bce4c86 100644
> --- a/mm/memcontrol.c
> +++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
> @@ -2807,7 +2807,8 @@ static void select_victim_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *root, struct oom_control *oc)
> * We don't consider non-leaf non-oom_group memory cgroups
> * as OOM victims.
> */
> - if (memcg_has_children(iter) && !mem_cgroup_oom_group(iter))
> + if (memcg_has_children(iter) && iter != root_mem_cgroup &&
> + !mem_cgroup_oom_group(iter))
> continue;
I think you are mixing the 3rd and 4th patch. The root_mem_cgroup
check should be in 3rd while oom_group stuff should be in 4th.
>>
>> Shouldn't there be a CSS_ONLINE check? Also instead of css_get at the
>> end why not css_tryget_online() here and css_put for the previous
>> selected one.
>
> Hm, why do we need to check this? I do not see, how we can choose
> an OFFLINE memcg as a victim, tbh. Please, explain the problem.
>
Sorry about the confusion. There are two things. First, should we do a
css_get on the newly selected memcg within the for loop when we still
have a reference to it?
Second, for the OFFLINE memcg, you are right oom_evaluate_memcg() will
return 0 for offlined memcgs. Maybe no need to call
oom_evaluate_memcg() for offlined memcgs.
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 2/2] arm64: dts: qcom: Rename SBC to DragonBoard 410c
From: Rob Clark @ 2017-10-04 21:23 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Nicolas Dechesne
Cc: Srinivas Kandagatla, Linus Walleij,
linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-arm-msm, Andy Gross,
David Brown, Stephen Boyd, Bjorn Andersson, linux-soc,
Alexander Graf
In-Reply-To: <CAF6AEGvRB_SGQ_Xv33FiPZRyp+Wf29aG_Ex6rVk2Czov-Gjj9Q@mail.gmail.com>
On Tue, Oct 3, 2017 at 2:54 PM, Rob Clark <robdclark@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Tue, Oct 3, 2017 at 1:49 PM, Nicolas Dechesne
> <nicolas.dechesne@linaro.org> wrote:
>> On Tue, Oct 3, 2017 at 6:37 PM, Rob Clark <robdclark@gmail.com> wrote:
>>> On Tue, Oct 3, 2017 at 8:25 AM, Srinivas Kandagatla
>>> <srinivas.kandagatla@linaro.org> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On 03/10/17 10:11, Linus Walleij wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Naming the DragonBoard 410c "SBC" (I guess "single board computer")
>>>>> is not very helpful for users looking for their device tree in
>>>>> the kernel. Also the db820c is named properly.
>>>>>
>>>>> Rectify this, simply, do not change the compatible strings but name
>>>>> the DTS files in a consistent manner.
>>>>>
>>>>> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
>>>>
>>>> I did not like the sbc naming convention too, This was primarily done due to
>>>> some legacy build tools + bootloaders which have used sbc compatible to
>>>> identify boards from multiple dtb blobs. Now that we can append dtb to
>>>> kernel with new LK, this should not be a issue anymore.
>>>
>>> maybe it would be an idea to update skales/dbttool first to look for
>>> the new name, and then give people some time to upgrade, before
>>> changing this in the kernel. Otherwise I expect you'll cause some
>>> confusion..
>>
>> iirc, skale is using the compatible name, not the filename.
>>
>
> ahh, yes, I think you are right.. u-boot is using a different filename.
>
> So in this case, no issue to pick a saner name :-)
>
So, actually u-boot encodes the board's fdtname.. so as much as I'd
like to rename it to something more sane, unless the kernel can manage
to install a symlink for backwards compat, NAK
I was trying to think of hacks for u-boot to check for multiple fdt
names, but if we want to get to the point of being able to install
multiple distro's on a single disk, we actually need to pass fdtname
to grub (where distro specific grub.cfg is encoding the UUID of the
distro's /boot partition, so it knows where to load the dtb from)..
this gets nearly impossible when one name becomes multiple names. So
hurray for the fdt name becoming accidental ABI!
If we managed to get this in before the 4.14 LTS I might feel
differently. But afterwards, totally not. :-(
BR,
-R
^ permalink raw reply
* [PATCH 2/2] arm64: dts: qcom: Rename SBC to DragonBoard 410c
From: Rob Clark @ 2017-10-04 21:23 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-arm-kernel
In-Reply-To: <CAF6AEGvRB_SGQ_Xv33FiPZRyp+Wf29aG_Ex6rVk2Czov-Gjj9Q@mail.gmail.com>
On Tue, Oct 3, 2017 at 2:54 PM, Rob Clark <robdclark@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Tue, Oct 3, 2017 at 1:49 PM, Nicolas Dechesne
> <nicolas.dechesne@linaro.org> wrote:
>> On Tue, Oct 3, 2017 at 6:37 PM, Rob Clark <robdclark@gmail.com> wrote:
>>> On Tue, Oct 3, 2017 at 8:25 AM, Srinivas Kandagatla
>>> <srinivas.kandagatla@linaro.org> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On 03/10/17 10:11, Linus Walleij wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Naming the DragonBoard 410c "SBC" (I guess "single board computer")
>>>>> is not very helpful for users looking for their device tree in
>>>>> the kernel. Also the db820c is named properly.
>>>>>
>>>>> Rectify this, simply, do not change the compatible strings but name
>>>>> the DTS files in a consistent manner.
>>>>>
>>>>> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
>>>>
>>>> I did not like the sbc naming convention too, This was primarily done due to
>>>> some legacy build tools + bootloaders which have used sbc compatible to
>>>> identify boards from multiple dtb blobs. Now that we can append dtb to
>>>> kernel with new LK, this should not be a issue anymore.
>>>
>>> maybe it would be an idea to update skales/dbttool first to look for
>>> the new name, and then give people some time to upgrade, before
>>> changing this in the kernel. Otherwise I expect you'll cause some
>>> confusion..
>>
>> iirc, skale is using the compatible name, not the filename.
>>
>
> ahh, yes, I think you are right.. u-boot is using a different filename.
>
> So in this case, no issue to pick a saner name :-)
>
So, actually u-boot encodes the board's fdtname.. so as much as I'd
like to rename it to something more sane, unless the kernel can manage
to install a symlink for backwards compat, NAK
I was trying to think of hacks for u-boot to check for multiple fdt
names, but if we want to get to the point of being able to install
multiple distro's on a single disk, we actually need to pass fdtname
to grub (where distro specific grub.cfg is encoding the UUID of the
distro's /boot partition, so it knows where to load the dtb from)..
this gets nearly impossible when one name becomes multiple names. So
hurray for the fdt name becoming accidental ABI!
If we managed to get this in before the 4.14 LTS I might feel
differently. But afterwards, totally not. :-(
BR,
-R
^ permalink raw reply
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 12/16] doc: Flag code segment in rcu_pointer_handoff()'s docbook header
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
include/linux/rcupdate.h | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/rcupdate.h b/include/linux/rcupdate.h
index 1fd71d7458aa..dabe3129ab4a 100644
--- a/include/linux/rcupdate.h
+++ b/include/linux/rcupdate.h
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ static inline void rcu_preempt_sleep_check(void) { }
* This is simply an identity function, but it documents where a pointer
* is handed off from RCU to some other synchronization mechanism, for
* example, reference counting or locking. In C11, it would map to
- * kill_dependency(). It could be used as follows:
+ * kill_dependency(). It could be used as follows::
*
* rcu_read_lock();
* p = rcu_dereference(gp);
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 14/16] doc: Fix tree.c bulleted lists in docbook comment headers
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
kernel/rcu/tree.c | 18 ++++++++++--------
1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
index 0c44c7b42e6d..48ded4c4055b 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
@@ -3097,9 +3097,10 @@ __call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func,
* read-side critical sections have completed. call_rcu_sched() assumes
* that the read-side critical sections end on enabling of preemption
* or on voluntary preemption.
- * RCU read-side critical sections are delimited by :
- * - rcu_read_lock_sched() and rcu_read_unlock_sched(), OR
- * - anything that disables preemption.
+ * RCU read-side critical sections are delimited by:
+ *
+ * - rcu_read_lock_sched() and rcu_read_unlock_sched(), OR
+ * - anything that disables preemption.
*
* These may be nested.
*
@@ -3124,11 +3125,12 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(call_rcu_sched);
* handler. This means that read-side critical sections in process
* context must not be interrupted by softirqs. This interface is to be
* used when most of the read-side critical sections are in softirq context.
- * RCU read-side critical sections are delimited by :
- * - rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(), if in interrupt context.
- * OR
- * - rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh(), if in process context.
- * These may be nested.
+ * RCU read-side critical sections are delimited by:
+ *
+ * - rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(), if in interrupt context, OR
+ * - rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh(), if in process context.
+ *
+ * These may be nested.
*
* See the description of call_rcu() for more detailed information on
* memory ordering guarantees.
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 08/16] doc: Add parameters to rcupdate.h docbook comments
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
include/linux/rcupdate.h | 4 ++++
1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
diff --git a/include/linux/rcupdate.h b/include/linux/rcupdate.h
index de50d8a4cf41..77f2e136bf81 100644
--- a/include/linux/rcupdate.h
+++ b/include/linux/rcupdate.h
@@ -778,6 +778,8 @@ static inline notrace void rcu_read_unlock_sched_notrace(void)
/**
* RCU_INIT_POINTER() - initialize an RCU protected pointer
+ * @p: The pointer to be initialized.
+ * @v: The value to initialized the pointer to.
*
* Initialize an RCU-protected pointer in special cases where readers
* do not need ordering constraints on the CPU or the compiler. These
@@ -819,6 +821,8 @@ static inline notrace void rcu_read_unlock_sched_notrace(void)
/**
* RCU_POINTER_INITIALIZER() - statically initialize an RCU protected pointer
+ * @p: The pointer to be initialized.
+ * @v: The value to initialized the pointer to.
*
* GCC-style initialization for an RCU-protected pointer in a structure field.
*/
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 11/16] doc: Fix list and emphasis in rcupdate.h
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
include/linux/rcupdate.h | 15 ++++++++-------
1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/rcupdate.h b/include/linux/rcupdate.h
index 77f2e136bf81..1fd71d7458aa 100644
--- a/include/linux/rcupdate.h
+++ b/include/linux/rcupdate.h
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ static inline void rcu_preempt_sleep_check(void) { }
* Return the value of the specified RCU-protected pointer, but omit
* both the smp_read_barrier_depends() and the READ_ONCE(). This
* is useful in cases where update-side locks prevent the value of the
- * pointer from changing. Please note that this primitive does -not-
+ * pointer from changing. Please note that this primitive does *not*
* prevent the compiler from repeating this reference or combining it
* with other references, so it should not be used without protection
* of appropriate locks.
@@ -785,13 +785,14 @@ static inline notrace void rcu_read_unlock_sched_notrace(void)
* do not need ordering constraints on the CPU or the compiler. These
* special cases are:
*
- * 1. This use of RCU_INIT_POINTER() is NULLing out the pointer -or-
+ * 1. This use of RCU_INIT_POINTER() is NULLing out the pointer *or*
* 2. The caller has taken whatever steps are required to prevent
- * RCU readers from concurrently accessing this pointer -or-
+ * RCU readers from concurrently accessing this pointer *or*
* 3. The referenced data structure has already been exposed to
- * readers either at compile time or via rcu_assign_pointer() -and-
- * a. You have not made -any- reader-visible changes to
- * this structure since then -or-
+ * readers either at compile time or via rcu_assign_pointer() *and*
+ *
+ * a. You have not made *any* reader-visible changes to
+ * this structure since then *or*
* b. It is OK for readers accessing this structure from its
* new location to see the old state of the structure. (For
* example, the changes were to statistical counters or to
@@ -807,7 +808,7 @@ static inline notrace void rcu_read_unlock_sched_notrace(void)
* by a single external-to-structure RCU-protected pointer, then you may
* use RCU_INIT_POINTER() to initialize the internal RCU-protected
* pointers, but you must use rcu_assign_pointer() to initialize the
- * external-to-structure pointer -after- you have completely initialized
+ * external-to-structure pointer *after* you have completely initialized
* the reader-accessible portions of the linked structure.
*
* Note that unlike rcu_assign_pointer(), RCU_INIT_POINTER() provides no
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 09/16] rcu: Remove extra docbook comment in rculist.h
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
include/linux/rculist.h | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/rculist.h b/include/linux/rculist.h
index b1fd8bf85fdc..2bea1d5e9930 100644
--- a/include/linux/rculist.h
+++ b/include/linux/rculist.h
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ static inline void list_splice_tail_init_rcu(struct list_head *list,
#define list_entry_rcu(ptr, type, member) \
container_of(lockless_dereference(ptr), type, member)
-/**
+/*
* Where are list_empty_rcu() and list_first_entry_rcu()?
*
* Implementing those functions following their counterparts list_empty() and
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 06/16] memory-barriers: Rework multicopy-atomicity section
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Alan Stern, Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
From: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/memory-barriers.txt | 58 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
index b6882680247e..7deee1441640 100644
--- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
@@ -1343,13 +1343,13 @@ MULTICOPY ATOMICITY
Multicopy atomicity is a deeply intuitive notion about ordering that is
not always provided by real computer systems, namely that a given store
-is visible at the same time to all CPUs, or, alternatively, that all
-CPUs agree on the order in which all stores took place. However, use of
-full multicopy atomicity would rule out valuable hardware optimizations,
-so a weaker form called ``other multicopy atomicity'' instead guarantees
-that a given store is observed at the same time by all -other- CPUs. The
-remainder of this document discusses this weaker form, but for brevity
-will call it simply ``multicopy atomicity''.
+becomes visible at the same time to all CPUs, or, alternatively, that all
+CPUs agree on the order in which all stores become visible. However,
+support of full multicopy atomicity would rule out valuable hardware
+optimizations, so a weaker form called ``other multicopy atomicity''
+instead guarantees only that a given store becomes visible at the same
+time to all -other- CPUs. The remainder of this document discusses this
+weaker form, but for brevity will call it simply ``multicopy atomicity''.
The following example demonstrates multicopy atomicity:
@@ -1360,24 +1360,26 @@ The following example demonstrates multicopy atomicity:
<general barrier> <read barrier>
STORE Y=r1 LOAD X
-Suppose that CPU 2's load from X returns 1 which it then stores to Y and
-that CPU 3's load from Y returns 1. This indicates that CPU 2's load
-from X in some sense follows CPU 1's store to X and that CPU 2's store
-to Y in some sense preceded CPU 3's load from Y. The question is then
-"Can CPU 3's load from X return 0?"
+Suppose that CPU 2's load from X returns 1, which it then stores to Y,
+and CPU 3's load from Y returns 1. This indicates that CPU 1's store
+to X precedes CPU 2's load from X and that CPU 2's store to Y precedes
+CPU 3's load from Y. In addition, the memory barriers guarantee that
+CPU 2 executes its load before its store, and CPU 3 loads from Y before
+it loads from X. The question is then "Can CPU 3's load from X return 0?"
-Because CPU 3's load from X in some sense came after CPU 2's load, it
+Because CPU 3's load from X in some sense comes after CPU 2's load, it
is natural to expect that CPU 3's load from X must therefore return 1.
-This expectation is an example of multicopy atomicity: if a load executing
-on CPU A follows a load from the same variable executing on CPU B, then
-an understandable but incorrect expectation is that CPU A's load must
-either return the same value that CPU B's load did, or must return some
-later value.
-
-In the Linux kernel, the above use of a general memory barrier compensates
-for any lack of multicopy atomicity. Therefore, in the above example,
-if CPU 2's load from X returns 1 and its load from Y returns 0, and CPU 3's
-load from Y returns 1, then CPU 3's load from X must also return 1.
+This expectation follows from multicopy atomicity: if a load executing
+on CPU B follows a load from the same variable executing on CPU A (and
+CPU A did not originally store the value which it read), then on
+multicopy-atomic systems, CPU B's load must return either the same value
+that CPU A's load did or some later value. However, the Linux kernel
+does not require systems to be multicopy atomic.
+
+The use of a general memory barrier in the example above compensates
+for any lack of multicopy atomicity. In the example, if CPU 2's load
+from X returns 1 and CPU 3's load from Y returns 1, then CPU 3's load
+from X must indeed also return 1.
However, dependencies, read barriers, and write barriers are not always
able to compensate for non-multicopy atomicity. For example, suppose
@@ -1396,11 +1398,11 @@ this example, it is perfectly legal for CPU 2's load from X to return 1,
CPU 3's load from Y to return 1, and its load from X to return 0.
The key point is that although CPU 2's data dependency orders its load
-and store, it does not guarantee to order CPU 1's store. Therefore,
-if this example runs on a non-multicopy-atomic system where CPUs 1 and 2
-share a store buffer or a level of cache, CPU 2 might have early access
-to CPU 1's writes. A general barrier is therefore required to ensure
-that all CPUs agree on the combined order of CPU 1's and CPU 2's accesses.
+and store, it does not guarantee to order CPU 1's store. Thus, if this
+example runs on a non-multicopy-atomic system where CPUs 1 and 2 share a
+store buffer or a level of cache, CPU 2 might have early access to CPU 1's
+writes. General barriers are therefore required to ensure that all CPUs
+agree on the combined order of multiple accesses.
General barriers can compensate not only for non-multicopy atomicity,
but can also generate additional ordering that can ensure that -all-
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 13/16] doc: Fix code display in rcu_pointer_handoff()'s docbook comment
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
include/linux/rcupdate.h | 5 +++--
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/rcupdate.h b/include/linux/rcupdate.h
index dabe3129ab4a..1a9f70d44af9 100644
--- a/include/linux/rcupdate.h
+++ b/include/linux/rcupdate.h
@@ -567,8 +567,8 @@ static inline void rcu_preempt_sleep_check(void) { }
* This is simply an identity function, but it documents where a pointer
* is handed off from RCU to some other synchronization mechanism, for
* example, reference counting or locking. In C11, it would map to
- * kill_dependency(). It could be used as follows::
- *
+ * kill_dependency(). It could be used as follows:
+ * ``
* rcu_read_lock();
* p = rcu_dereference(gp);
* long_lived = is_long_lived(p);
@@ -579,6 +579,7 @@ static inline void rcu_preempt_sleep_check(void) { }
* p = rcu_pointer_handoff(p);
* }
* rcu_read_unlock();
+ *``
*/
#define rcu_pointer_handoff(p) (p)
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 15/16] memory-barriers.txt: Fix typo in pairing example
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Scott Tsai, Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
From: Scott Tsai <scottt@scottt.tw>
In the "general barrier pairing with implicit control depdendency"
example, the last write by CPU 1 was meant to change variable x and not
y. The example would be pretty uninteresting if no CPU ever changes x
and the variable was initialized to zero.
Signed-off-by: Scott Tsai <scottt@scottt.tw>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/memory-barriers.txt | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
index 7deee1441640..f37375544d71 100644
--- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ Or even:
=============== ===============================
r1 = READ_ONCE(y);
<general barrier>
- WRITE_ONCE(y, 1); if (r2 = READ_ONCE(x)) {
+ WRITE_ONCE(x, 1); if (r2 = READ_ONCE(x)) {
<implicit control dependency>
WRITE_ONCE(y, 1);
}
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 05/16] memory-barriers: Replace uses of "transitive"
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current version of memory-barriers.txt misuses the term "transitive",
so this commit replaces it with multi-copy atomic, also adding a
definition of this term.
Reported-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/memory-barriers.txt | 185 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
1 file changed, 91 insertions(+), 94 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
index b759a60624fd..b6882680247e 100644
--- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ CONTENTS
- SMP barrier pairing.
- Examples of memory barrier sequences.
- Read memory barriers vs load speculation.
- - Transitivity
+ - Multicopy atomicity.
(*) Explicit kernel barriers.
@@ -635,6 +635,11 @@ can be used to record rare error conditions and the like, and the CPUs'
naturally occurring ordering prevents such records from being lost.
+Note well that the ordering provided by a data dependency is local to
+the CPU containing it. See the section on "Multicopy atomicity" for
+more information.
+
+
The data dependency barrier is very important to the RCU system,
for example. See rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference() in
include/linux/rcupdate.h. This permits the current target of an RCU'd
@@ -851,38 +856,11 @@ In short, control dependencies apply only to the stores in the then-clause
and else-clause of the if-statement in question (including functions
invoked by those two clauses), not to code following that if-statement.
-Finally, control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity. This is
-demonstrated by two related examples, with the initial values of
-'x' and 'y' both being zero:
-
- CPU 0 CPU 1
- ======================= =======================
- r1 = READ_ONCE(x); r2 = READ_ONCE(y);
- if (r1 > 0) if (r2 > 0)
- WRITE_ONCE(y, 1); WRITE_ONCE(x, 1);
-
- assert(!(r1 == 1 && r2 == 1));
-
-The above two-CPU example will never trigger the assert(). However,
-if control dependencies guaranteed transitivity (which they do not),
-then adding the following CPU would guarantee a related assertion:
-
- CPU 2
- =====================
- WRITE_ONCE(x, 2);
-
- assert(!(r1 == 2 && r2 == 1 && x == 2)); /* FAILS!!! */
-But because control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity, the above
-assertion can fail after the combined three-CPU example completes. If you
-need the three-CPU example to provide ordering, you will need smp_mb()
-between the loads and stores in the CPU 0 and CPU 1 code fragments,
-that is, just before or just after the "if" statements. Furthermore,
-the original two-CPU example is very fragile and should be avoided.
+Note well that the ordering provided by a control dependency is local
+to the CPU containing it. See the section on "Multicopy atomicity"
+for more information.
-These two examples are the LB and WWC litmus tests from this paper:
-http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/pes20/ppc-supplemental/test6.pdf and this
-site: https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~pes20/ppcmem/index.html.
In summary:
@@ -922,8 +900,8 @@ In summary:
(*) Control dependencies pair normally with other types of barriers.
- (*) Control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity. If you
- need transitivity, use smp_mb().
+ (*) Control dependencies do -not- provide multicopy atomicity. If you
+ need all the CPUs to see a given store at the same time, use smp_mb().
(*) Compilers do not understand control dependencies. It is therefore
your job to ensure that they do not break your code.
@@ -936,13 +914,14 @@ When dealing with CPU-CPU interactions, certain types of memory barrier should
always be paired. A lack of appropriate pairing is almost certainly an error.
General barriers pair with each other, though they also pair with most
-other types of barriers, albeit without transitivity. An acquire barrier
-pairs with a release barrier, but both may also pair with other barriers,
-including of course general barriers. A write barrier pairs with a data
-dependency barrier, a control dependency, an acquire barrier, a release
-barrier, a read barrier, or a general barrier. Similarly a read barrier,
-control dependency, or a data dependency barrier pairs with a write
-barrier, an acquire barrier, a release barrier, or a general barrier:
+other types of barriers, albeit without multicopy atomicity. An acquire
+barrier pairs with a release barrier, but both may also pair with other
+barriers, including of course general barriers. A write barrier pairs
+with a data dependency barrier, a control dependency, an acquire barrier,
+a release barrier, a read barrier, or a general barrier. Similarly a
+read barrier, control dependency, or a data dependency barrier pairs
+with a write barrier, an acquire barrier, a release barrier, or a
+general barrier:
CPU 1 CPU 2
=============== ===============
@@ -1359,64 +1338,77 @@ the speculation will be cancelled and the value reloaded:
retrieved : : +-------+
-TRANSITIVITY
-------------
+MULTICOPY ATOMICITY
+--------------------
+
+Multicopy atomicity is a deeply intuitive notion about ordering that is
+not always provided by real computer systems, namely that a given store
+is visible at the same time to all CPUs, or, alternatively, that all
+CPUs agree on the order in which all stores took place. However, use of
+full multicopy atomicity would rule out valuable hardware optimizations,
+so a weaker form called ``other multicopy atomicity'' instead guarantees
+that a given store is observed at the same time by all -other- CPUs. The
+remainder of this document discusses this weaker form, but for brevity
+will call it simply ``multicopy atomicity''.
-Transitivity is a deeply intuitive notion about ordering that is not
-always provided by real computer systems. The following example
-demonstrates transitivity:
+The following example demonstrates multicopy atomicity:
CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3
======================= ======================= =======================
{ X = 0, Y = 0 }
- STORE X=1 LOAD X STORE Y=1
- <general barrier> <general barrier>
- LOAD Y LOAD X
+ STORE X=1 r1=LOAD X (reads 1) LOAD Y (reads 1)
+ <general barrier> <read barrier>
+ STORE Y=r1 LOAD X
-Suppose that CPU 2's load from X returns 1 and its load from Y returns 0.
-This indicates that CPU 2's load from X in some sense follows CPU 1's
-store to X and that CPU 2's load from Y in some sense preceded CPU 3's
-store to Y. The question is then "Can CPU 3's load from X return 0?"
+Suppose that CPU 2's load from X returns 1 which it then stores to Y and
+that CPU 3's load from Y returns 1. This indicates that CPU 2's load
+from X in some sense follows CPU 1's store to X and that CPU 2's store
+to Y in some sense preceded CPU 3's load from Y. The question is then
+"Can CPU 3's load from X return 0?"
-Because CPU 2's load from X in some sense came after CPU 1's store, it
+Because CPU 3's load from X in some sense came after CPU 2's load, it
is natural to expect that CPU 3's load from X must therefore return 1.
-This expectation is an example of transitivity: if a load executing on
-CPU A follows a load from the same variable executing on CPU B, then
-CPU A's load must either return the same value that CPU B's load did,
-or must return some later value.
-
-In the Linux kernel, use of general memory barriers guarantees
-transitivity. Therefore, in the above example, if CPU 2's load from X
-returns 1 and its load from Y returns 0, then CPU 3's load from X must
-also return 1.
-
-However, transitivity is -not- guaranteed for read or write barriers.
-For example, suppose that CPU 2's general barrier in the above example
-is changed to a read barrier as shown below:
+This expectation is an example of multicopy atomicity: if a load executing
+on CPU A follows a load from the same variable executing on CPU B, then
+an understandable but incorrect expectation is that CPU A's load must
+either return the same value that CPU B's load did, or must return some
+later value.
+
+In the Linux kernel, the above use of a general memory barrier compensates
+for any lack of multicopy atomicity. Therefore, in the above example,
+if CPU 2's load from X returns 1 and its load from Y returns 0, and CPU 3's
+load from Y returns 1, then CPU 3's load from X must also return 1.
+
+However, dependencies, read barriers, and write barriers are not always
+able to compensate for non-multicopy atomicity. For example, suppose
+that CPU 2's general barrier is removed from the above example, leaving
+only the data dependency shown below:
CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3
======================= ======================= =======================
{ X = 0, Y = 0 }
- STORE X=1 LOAD X STORE Y=1
- <read barrier> <general barrier>
- LOAD Y LOAD X
-
-This substitution destroys transitivity: in this example, it is perfectly
-legal for CPU 2's load from X to return 1, its load from Y to return 0,
-and CPU 3's load from X to return 0.
-
-The key point is that although CPU 2's read barrier orders its pair
-of loads, it does not guarantee to order CPU 1's store. Therefore, if
-this example runs on a system where CPUs 1 and 2 share a store buffer
-or a level of cache, CPU 2 might have early access to CPU 1's writes.
-General barriers are therefore required to ensure that all CPUs agree
-on the combined order of CPU 1's and CPU 2's accesses.
-
-General barriers provide "global transitivity", so that all CPUs will
-agree on the order of operations. In contrast, a chain of release-acquire
-pairs provides only "local transitivity", so that only those CPUs on
-the chain are guaranteed to agree on the combined order of the accesses.
-For example, switching to C code in deference to Herman Hollerith:
+ STORE X=1 r1=LOAD X (reads 1) LOAD Y (reads 1)
+ <data dependency> <read barrier>
+ STORE Y=r1 LOAD X (reads 0)
+
+This substitution allows non-multicopy atomicity to run rampant: in
+this example, it is perfectly legal for CPU 2's load from X to return 1,
+CPU 3's load from Y to return 1, and its load from X to return 0.
+
+The key point is that although CPU 2's data dependency orders its load
+and store, it does not guarantee to order CPU 1's store. Therefore,
+if this example runs on a non-multicopy-atomic system where CPUs 1 and 2
+share a store buffer or a level of cache, CPU 2 might have early access
+to CPU 1's writes. A general barrier is therefore required to ensure
+that all CPUs agree on the combined order of CPU 1's and CPU 2's accesses.
+
+General barriers can compensate not only for non-multicopy atomicity,
+but can also generate additional ordering that can ensure that -all-
+CPUs will perceive the same order of -all- operations. In contrast, a
+chain of release-acquire pairs do not provide this additional ordering,
+which means that only those CPUs on the chain are guaranteed to agree
+on the combined order of the accesses. For example, switching to C code
+in deference to the ghost of Herman Hollerith:
int u, v, x, y, z;
@@ -1448,9 +1440,9 @@ For example, switching to C code in deference to Herman Hollerith:
r3 = READ_ONCE(u);
}
-Because cpu0(), cpu1(), and cpu2() participate in a local transitive
-chain of smp_store_release()/smp_load_acquire() pairs, the following
-outcome is prohibited:
+Because cpu0(), cpu1(), and cpu2() participate in a chain of
+smp_store_release()/smp_load_acquire() pairs, the following outcome
+is prohibited:
r0 == 1 && r1 == 1 && r2 == 1
@@ -1460,9 +1452,9 @@ outcome is prohibited:
r1 == 1 && r5 == 0
-However, the transitivity of release-acquire is local to the participating
-CPUs and does not apply to cpu3(). Therefore, the following outcome
-is possible:
+However, the ordering provided by a release-acquire chain is local
+to the CPUs participating in that chain and does not apply to cpu3(),
+at least aside from stores. Therefore, the following outcome is possible:
r0 == 0 && r1 == 1 && r2 == 1 && r3 == 0 && r4 == 0
@@ -1490,8 +1482,8 @@ following outcome is possible:
Note that this outcome can happen even on a mythical sequentially
consistent system where nothing is ever reordered.
-To reiterate, if your code requires global transitivity, use general
-barriers throughout.
+To reiterate, if your code requires full ordering of all operations,
+use general barriers throughout.
========================
@@ -3101,6 +3093,9 @@ AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 2: System Programming
Chapter 7.1: Memory-Access Ordering
Chapter 7.4: Buffering and Combining Memory Writes
+ARM Architecture Reference Manual (ARMv8, for ARMv8-A architecture profile)
+ Chapter B2: The AArch64 Application Level Memory Model
+
IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3:
System Programming Guide
Chapter 7.1: Locked Atomic Operations
@@ -3112,6 +3107,8 @@ The SPARC Architecture Manual, Version 9
Appendix D: Formal Specification of the Memory Models
Appendix J: Programming with the Memory Models
+Storage in the PowerPC (Stone and Fitzgerald)
+
UltraSPARC Programmer Reference Manual
Chapter 5: Memory Accesses and Cacheability
Chapter 15: Sparc-V9 Memory Models
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 02/16] documentation: Long-running irq handlers can stall RCU grace periods
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If a periodic interrupt's handler takes longer to execute than the period
between successive interrupts, RCU's kthreads and softirq handlers can
be prevented from executing, resulting in otherwise inexplicable RCU
CPU stall warnings. This commit therefore calls out this possibility
in Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt.
Reported-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt | 12 +++++++++++-
1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
index 96a3d81837e1..21b8913acbdf 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ o Booting Linux using a console connection that is too slow to
o Anything that prevents RCU's grace-period kthreads from running.
This can result in the "All QSes seen" console-log message.
This message will include information on when the kthread last
- ran and how often it should be expected to run.
+ ran and how often it should be expected to run. It can also
+ result in the "rcu_.*kthread starved for" console-log message,
+ which will include additional debugging information.
o A CPU-bound real-time task in a CONFIG_PREEMPT kernel, which might
happen to preempt a low-priority task in the middle of an RCU
@@ -60,6 +62,14 @@ o A CPU-bound real-time task in a CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT kernel that
CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU case, you might see stall-warning
messages.
+o A periodic interrupt whose handler takes longer than the time
+ interval between successive pairs of interrupts. This can
+ prevent RCU's kthreads and softirq handlers from running.
+ Note that certain high-overhead debugging options, for example
+ the function_graph tracer, can result in interrupt handler taking
+ considerably longer than normal, which can in turn result in
+ RCU CPU stall warnings.
+
o A hardware or software issue shuts off the scheduler-clock
interrupt on a CPU that is not in dyntick-idle mode. This
problem really has happened, and seems to be most likely to
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 04/16] documentation: Update RCU CPU stall warning messages
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The RCU CPU stall warnings have morphed significantly since the last
update, so this commit brings the documentation up to date.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt | 182 +++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
1 file changed, 105 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
index 238acbd94917..a08f928c8557 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
@@ -171,67 +171,32 @@ Interpreting RCU's CPU Stall-Detector "Splats"
For non-RCU-tasks flavors of RCU, when a CPU detects that it is stalling,
it will print a message similar to the following:
-INFO: rcu_sched_state detected stall on CPU 5 (t=2500 jiffies)
+ INFO: rcu_sched detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:
+ 2-...: (3 GPs behind) idle=06c/0/0 softirq=1453/1455 fqs=0
+ 16-...: (0 ticks this GP) idle=81c/0/0 softirq=764/764 fqs=0
+ (detected by 32, t=2603 jiffies, g=7073, c=7072, q=625)
-This message indicates that CPU 5 detected that it was causing a stall,
-and that the stall was affecting RCU-sched. This message will normally be
-followed by a stack dump of the offending CPU. On TREE_RCU kernel builds,
-RCU and RCU-sched are implemented by the same underlying mechanism,
-while on PREEMPT_RCU kernel builds, RCU is instead implemented
-by rcu_preempt_state.
-
-On the other hand, if the offending CPU fails to print out a stall-warning
-message quickly enough, some other CPU will print a message similar to
-the following:
-
-INFO: rcu_bh_state detected stalls on CPUs/tasks: { 3 5 } (detected by 2, 2502 jiffies)
-
-This message indicates that CPU 2 detected that CPUs 3 and 5 were both
-causing stalls, and that the stall was affecting RCU-bh. This message
+This message indicates that CPU 32 detected that CPUs 2 and 16 were both
+causing stalls, and that the stall was affecting RCU-sched. This message
will normally be followed by stack dumps for each CPU. Please note that
-PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by tasks as well as by CPUs,
-and that the tasks will be indicated by PID, for example, "P3421".
-It is even possible for a rcu_preempt_state stall to be caused by both
-CPUs -and- tasks, in which case the offending CPUs and tasks will all
-be called out in the list.
-
-Finally, if the grace period ends just as the stall warning starts
-printing, there will be a spurious stall-warning message:
-
-INFO: rcu_bh_state detected stalls on CPUs/tasks: { } (detected by 4, 2502 jiffies)
-
-This is rare, but does happen from time to time in real life. It is also
-possible for a zero-jiffy stall to be flagged in this case, depending
-on how the stall warning and the grace-period initialization happen to
-interact. Please note that it is not possible to entirely eliminate this
-sort of false positive without resorting to things like stop_machine(),
-which is overkill for this sort of problem.
-
-Recent kernels will print a long form of the stall-warning message:
-
- INFO: rcu_preempt detected stall on CPU
- 0: (63959 ticks this GP) idle=241/3fffffffffffffff/0 softirq=82/543
- (t=65000 jiffies)
-
-In kernels with CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ, more information is printed:
-
- INFO: rcu_preempt detected stall on CPU
- 0: (64628 ticks this GP) idle=dd5/3fffffffffffffff/0 softirq=82/543 last_accelerate: a345/d342 nonlazy_posted: 25 .D
- (t=65000 jiffies)
+PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by tasks as well as by CPUs, and that
+the tasks will be indicated by PID, for example, "P3421". It is even
+possible for a rcu_preempt_state stall to be caused by both CPUs -and-
+tasks, in which case the offending CPUs and tasks will all be called
+out in the list.
-The "(64628 ticks this GP)" indicates that this CPU has taken more
-than 64,000 scheduling-clock interrupts during the current stalled
-grace period. If the CPU was not yet aware of the current grace
-period (for example, if it was offline), then this part of the message
-indicates how many grace periods behind the CPU is.
+CPU 2's "(3 GPs behind)" indicates that this CPU has not interacted with
+the RCU core for the past three grace periods. In contrast, CPU 16's "(0
+ticks this GP)" indicates that this CPU has not taken any scheduling-clock
+interrupts during the current stalled grace period.
The "idle=" portion of the message prints the dyntick-idle state.
The hex number before the first "/" is the low-order 12 bits of the
-dynticks counter, which will have an even-numbered value if the CPU is
-in dyntick-idle mode and an odd-numbered value otherwise. The hex
-number between the two "/"s is the value of the nesting, which will
-be a small positive number if in the idle loop and a very large positive
-number (as shown above) otherwise.
+dynticks counter, which will have an even-numbered value if the CPU
+is in dyntick-idle mode and an odd-numbered value otherwise. The hex
+number between the two "/"s is the value of the nesting, which will be
+a small non-negative number if in the idle loop (as shown above) and a
+very large positive number otherwise.
The "softirq=" portion of the message tracks the number of RCU softirq
handlers that the stalled CPU has executed. The number before the "/"
@@ -246,24 +211,72 @@ handlers are no longer able to execute on this CPU. This can happen if
the stalled CPU is spinning with interrupts are disabled, or, in -rt
kernels, if a high-priority process is starving RCU's softirq handler.
-For CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ kernels, the "last_accelerate:" prints the
-low-order 16 bits (in hex) of the jiffies counter when this CPU last
-invoked rcu_try_advance_all_cbs() from rcu_needs_cpu() or last invoked
-rcu_accelerate_cbs() from rcu_prepare_for_idle(). The "nonlazy_posted:"
-prints the number of non-lazy callbacks posted since the last call to
-rcu_needs_cpu(). Finally, an "L" indicates that there are currently
-no non-lazy callbacks ("." is printed otherwise, as shown above) and
-"D" indicates that dyntick-idle processing is enabled ("." is printed
-otherwise, for example, if disabled via the "nohz=" kernel boot parameter).
+The "fps=" shows the number of force-quiescent-state idle/offline
+detection passes that the grace-period kthread has made across this
+CPU since the last time that this CPU noted the beginning of a grace
+period.
+
+The "detected by" line indicates which CPU detected the stall (in this
+case, CPU 32), how many jiffies have elapsed since the start of the
+grace period (in this case 2603), the number of the last grace period
+to start and to complete (7073 and 7072, respectively), and an estimate
+of the total number of RCU callbacks queued across all CPUs (625 in
+this case).
+
+In kernels with CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ, more information is printed
+for each CPU:
+
+ 0: (64628 ticks this GP) idle=dd5/3fffffffffffffff/0 softirq=82/543 last_accelerate: a345/d342 nonlazy_posted: 25 .D
+
+The "last_accelerate:" prints the low-order 16 bits (in hex) of the
+jiffies counter when this CPU last invoked rcu_try_advance_all_cbs()
+from rcu_needs_cpu() or last invoked rcu_accelerate_cbs() from
+rcu_prepare_for_idle(). The "nonlazy_posted:" prints the number
+of non-lazy callbacks posted since the last call to rcu_needs_cpu().
+Finally, an "L" indicates that there are currently no non-lazy callbacks
+("." is printed otherwise, as shown above) and "D" indicates that
+dyntick-idle processing is enabled ("." is printed otherwise, for example,
+if disabled via the "nohz=" kernel boot parameter).
+
+If the grace period ends just as the stall warning starts printing,
+there will be a spurious stall-warning message, which will include
+the following:
+
+ INFO: Stall ended before state dump start
+
+This is rare, but does happen from time to time in real life. It is also
+possible for a zero-jiffy stall to be flagged in this case, depending
+on how the stall warning and the grace-period initialization happen to
+interact. Please note that it is not possible to entirely eliminate this
+sort of false positive without resorting to things like stop_machine(),
+which is overkill for this sort of problem.
+
+If all CPUs and tasks have passed through quiescent states, but the
+grace period has nevertheless failed to end, the stall-warning splat
+will include something like the following:
+
+ All QSes seen, last rcu_preempt kthread activity 23807 (4297905177-4297881370), jiffies_till_next_fqs=3, root ->qsmask 0x0
+
+The "23807" indicates that it has been more than 23 thousand jiffies
+since the grace-period kthread ran. The "jiffies_till_next_fqs"
+indicates how frequently that kthread should run, giving the number
+of jiffies between force-quiescent-state scans, in this case three,
+which is way less than 23807. Finally, the root rcu_node structure's
+->qsmask field is printed, which will normally be zero.
If the relevant grace-period kthread has been unable to run prior to
-the stall warning, the following additional line is printed:
+the stall warning, as was the case in the "All QSes seen" line above,
+the following additional line is printed:
- rcu_preempt kthread starved for 2023 jiffies!
+ kthread starved for 23807 jiffies! g7073 c7072 f0x0 RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS(3) ->state=0x1
-Starving the grace-period kthreads of CPU time can of course result in
-RCU CPU stall warnings even when all CPUs and tasks have passed through
-the required quiescent states.
+Starving the grace-period kthreads of CPU time can of course result
+in RCU CPU stall warnings even when all CPUs and tasks have passed
+through the required quiescent states. The "g" and "c" numbers flag the
+number of the last grace period started and completed, respectively,
+the "f" precedes the ->gp_flags command to the grace-period kthread,
+the "RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS" indicates that the kthread is waiting for a short
+timeout, and the "state" precedes value of the task_struct ->state field.
Multiple Warnings From One Stall
@@ -280,13 +293,28 @@ Stall Warnings for Expedited Grace Periods
If an expedited grace period detects a stall, it will place a message
like the following in dmesg:
- INFO: rcu_sched detected expedited stalls on CPUs: { 1 2 6 } 26009 jiffies s: 1043
-
-This indicates that CPUs 1, 2, and 6 have failed to respond to a
-reschedule IPI, that the expedited grace period has been going on for
-26,009 jiffies, and that the expedited grace-period sequence counter is
-1043. The fact that this last value is odd indicates that an expedited
-grace period is in flight.
+ INFO: rcu_sched detected expedited stalls on CPUs/tasks: { 7-... } 21119 jiffies s: 73 root: 0x2/.
+
+This indicates that CPU 7 has failed to respond to a reschedule IPI.
+The three periods (".") following the CPU number indicate that the CPU
+is online (otherwise the first period would instead have been "O"),
+that the CPU was online at the beginning of the expedited grace period
+(otherwise the second period would have instead been "o"), and that
+the CPU has been online at least once since boot (otherwise, the third
+period would instead have been "N"). The number before the "jiffies"
+indicates that the expedited grace period has been going on for 21,119
+jiffies. The number following the "s:" indicates that the expedited
+grace-period sequence counter is 73. The fact that this last value is
+odd indicates that an expedited grace period is in flight. The number
+following "root:" is a bitmask that indicates which children of the root
+rcu_node structure correspond to CPUs and/or tasks that are blocking the
+current expedited grace period. If the tree had more than one level,
+additional hex numbers would be printed for the states of the other
+rcu_node structures in the tree.
+
+As with normal grace periods, PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by
+tasks as well as by CPUs, and that the tasks will be indicated by PID,
+for example, "P3421".
It is entirely possible to see stall warnings from normal and from
-expedited grace periods at about the same time from the same run.
+expedited grace periods at about the same time during the same run.
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 07/16] doc: Fix options for RCU options
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Commit 764f80798b95 ("doc: Add RCU files to docbook-generation files")
added :external: options for RCU source files in the file
Documentation/core-api/kernel-api.rst. However, this now means
nothing, so this commit changes them to ":export:". Some files
will no doubt need other options at some point.
Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Reported-by: Akira Yokosawa <akiyks@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/core-api/kernel-api.rst | 14 --------------
1 file changed, 14 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/core-api/kernel-api.rst b/Documentation/core-api/kernel-api.rst
index 8282099e0cbf..5da10184d908 100644
--- a/Documentation/core-api/kernel-api.rst
+++ b/Documentation/core-api/kernel-api.rst
@@ -352,44 +352,30 @@ Read-Copy Update (RCU)
----------------------
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rcupdate.h
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rcupdate_wait.h
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rcutree.h
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/tree.c
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/update.c
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/srcu.h
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/srcutree.c
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rculist_bl.h
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rculist.h
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rculist_nulls.h
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rcu_sync.h
- :external:
.. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/sync.c
- :external:
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 10/16] rcu: Fix docbook comments for rcu_sync functions
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
kernel/rcu/sync.c | 9 ++++++---
1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/sync.c b/kernel/rcu/sync.c
index 50d1861f7759..3f943efcf61c 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/sync.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/sync.c
@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ void rcu_sync_init(struct rcu_sync *rsp, enum rcu_sync_type type)
}
/**
+ * rcu_sync_enter_start - Force readers onto slow path for multiple updates
+ * @rsp: Pointer to rcu_sync structure to use for synchronization
+ *
* Must be called after rcu_sync_init() and before first use.
*
* Ensures rcu_sync_is_idle() returns false and rcu_sync_{enter,exit}()
@@ -142,7 +145,7 @@ void rcu_sync_enter(struct rcu_sync *rsp)
/**
* rcu_sync_func() - Callback function managing reader access to fastpath
- * @rsp: Pointer to rcu_sync structure to use for synchronization
+ * @rhp: Pointer to rcu_head in rcu_sync structure to use for synchronization
*
* This function is passed to one of the call_rcu() functions by
* rcu_sync_exit(), so that it is invoked after a grace period following the
@@ -158,9 +161,9 @@ void rcu_sync_enter(struct rcu_sync *rsp)
* rcu_sync_exit(). Otherwise, set all state back to idle so that readers
* can again use their fastpaths.
*/
-static void rcu_sync_func(struct rcu_head *rcu)
+static void rcu_sync_func(struct rcu_head *rhp)
{
- struct rcu_sync *rsp = container_of(rcu, struct rcu_sync, cb_head);
+ struct rcu_sync *rsp = container_of(rhp, struct rcu_sync, cb_head);
unsigned long flags;
BUG_ON(rsp->gp_state != GP_PASSED);
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 16/16] Documentation: rewrite confusing statement about memory barriers
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Guilherme G. Piccoli, Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
From: "Guilherme G. Piccoli" <gpiccoli@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
In this specific portion of the write memory barriers description,
the documentation mentions sequential order of stores, which is
confusing since sequential ordering is not guaranteed.
This patch tries to improve the doc in order to avoid any
mis-understanding.
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Guilherme G. Piccoli <gpiccoli@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/memory-barriers.txt | 4 ++--
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
index f37375544d71..519940ec767f 100644
--- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
@@ -383,8 +383,8 @@ Memory barriers come in four basic varieties:
to have any effect on loads.
A CPU can be viewed as committing a sequence of store operations to the
- memory system as time progresses. All stores before a write barrier will
- occur in the sequence _before_ all the stores after the write barrier.
+ memory system as time progresses. All stores _before_ a write barrier
+ will occur _before_ all the stores after the write barrier.
[!] Note that write barriers should normally be paired with read or data
dependency barriers; see the "SMP barrier pairing" subsection.
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 01/16] documentation: RCU grace-period memory ordering guarantees
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney, Jonathan Corbet, Linus Torvalds
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit provides text and diagrams showing how Tree RCU implements
its grace-period memory ordering guarantees.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
---
.../Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Diagram.html | 9 +
.../Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html | 707 +++
.../TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg | 486 ++
.../Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-callback-registry.svg | 655 +++
.../RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-dyntick.svg | 700 +++
.../Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-gp-cleanup.svg | 1126 +++++
.../RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-gp-fqs.svg | 1309 +++++
.../Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg | 656 +++
.../Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-gp-init-2.svg | 656 +++
.../Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-gp-init-3.svg | 632 +++
.../RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-gp.svg | 5135 ++++++++++++++++++++
.../RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-hotplug.svg | 775 +++
.../RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-qs.svg | 1095 +++++
.../RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/rcu_node-lock.svg | 229 +
14 files changed, 14170 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Diagram.html
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-callback-registry.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-dyntick.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-gp-cleanup.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-gp-fqs.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-gp-init-2.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-gp-init-3.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-gp.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-hotplug.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-qs.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/rcu_node-lock.svg
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Diagram.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Diagram.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e5b42a798ff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Diagram.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+ <html>
+ <head><title>A Diagram of TREE_RCU's Grace-Period Memory Ordering</title>
+ <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+
+<p><img src="TreeRCU-gp.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp.svg">
+
+</body></html>
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8651b0b4fd79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html
@@ -0,0 +1,707 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+ <html>
+ <head><title>A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Grace-Period Memory Ordering</title>
+ <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+
+ <p>August 8, 2017</p>
+ <p>This article was contributed by Paul E. McKenney</p>
+
+<h3>Introduction</h3>
+
+<p>This document gives a rough visual overview of how Tree RCU's
+grace-period memory ordering guarantee is provided.
+
+<ol>
+<li> <a href="#What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?">
+ What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?</a>
+<li> <a href="#Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks">
+ Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks</a>
+<li> <a href="#Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components">
+ Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components</a>
+<li> <a href="#Putting It All Together">Putting It All Together</a>
+</ol>
+
+<h3><a name="What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?">
+What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?</a></h3>
+
+<p>RCU grace periods provide extremely strong memory-ordering guarantees
+for non-idle non-offline code.
+Any code that happens after the end of a given RCU grace period is guaranteed
+to see the effects of all accesses prior to the beginning of that grace
+period that are within RCU read-side critical sections.
+Similarly, any code that happens before the beginning of a given RCU grace
+period is guaranteed to see the effects of all accesses following the end
+of that grace period that are within RCU read-side critical sections.
+
+<p>This guarantee is particularly pervasive for <tt>synchronize_sched()</tt>,
+for which RCU-sched read-side critical sections include any region
+of code for which preemption is disabled.
+Given that each individual machine instruction can be thought of as
+an extremely small region of preemption-disabled code, one can think of
+<tt>synchronize_sched()</tt> as <tt>smp_mb()</tt> on steroids.
+
+<p>RCU updaters use this guarantee by splitting their updates into
+two phases, one of which is executed before the grace period and
+the other of which is executed after the grace period.
+In the most common use case, phase one removes an element from
+a linked RCU-protected data structure, and phase two frees that element.
+For this to work, any readers that have witnessed state prior to the
+phase-one update (in the common case, removal) must not witness state
+following the phase-two update (in the common case, freeing).
+
+<p>The RCU implementation provides this guarantee using a network
+of lock-based critical sections, memory barriers, and per-CPU
+processing, as is described in the following sections.
+
+<h3><a name="Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks">
+Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks</a></h3>
+
+<p>The workhorse for RCU's grace-period memory ordering is the
+critical section for the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
+<tt>->lock</tt>.
+These critical sections use helper functions for lock acquisition, including
+<tt>raw_spin_lock_rcu_node()</tt>,
+<tt>raw_spin_lock_irq_rcu_node()</tt>, and
+<tt>raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node()</tt>.
+Their lock-release counterparts are
+<tt>raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node()</tt>,
+<tt>raw_spin_unlock_irq_rcu_node()</tt>, and
+<tt>raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node()</tt>,
+respectively.
+For completeness, a
+<tt>raw_spin_trylock_rcu_node()</tt>
+is also provided.
+The key point is that the lock-acquisition functions, including
+<tt>raw_spin_trylock_rcu_node()</tt>, all invoke
+<tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> immediately after successful
+acquisition of the lock.
+
+<p>Therefore, for any given <tt>rcu_node</tt> struction, any access
+happening before one of the above lock-release functions will be seen
+by all CPUs as happening before any access happening after a later
+one of the above lock-acquisition functions.
+Furthermore, any access happening before one of the
+above lock-release function on any given CPU will be seen by all
+CPUs as happening before any access happening after a later one
+of the above lock-acquisition functions executing on that same CPU,
+even if the lock-release and lock-acquisition functions are operating
+on different <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures.
+Tree RCU uses these two ordering guarantees to form an ordering
+network among all CPUs that were in any way involved in the grace
+period, including any CPUs that came online or went offline during
+the grace period in question.
+
+<p>The following litmus test exhibits the ordering effects of these
+lock-acquisition and lock-release functions:
+
+<pre>
+ 1 int x, y, z;
+ 2
+ 3 void task0(void)
+ 4 {
+ 5 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
+ 6 WRITE_ONCE(x, 1);
+ 7 r1 = READ_ONCE(y);
+ 8 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
+ 9 }
+10
+11 void task1(void)
+12 {
+13 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
+14 WRITE_ONCE(y, 1);
+15 r2 = READ_ONCE(z);
+16 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
+17 }
+18
+19 void task2(void)
+20 {
+21 WRITE_ONCE(z, 1);
+22 smp_mb();
+23 r3 = READ_ONCE(x);
+24 }
+25
+26 WARN_ON(r1 == 0 && r2 == 0 && r3 == 0);
+</pre>
+
+<p>The <tt>WARN_ON()</tt> is evaluated at “the end of time”,
+after all changes have propagated throughout the system.
+Without the <tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> provided by the
+acquisition functions, this <tt>WARN_ON()</tt> could trigger, for example
+on PowerPC.
+The <tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> invocations prevent this
+<tt>WARN_ON()</tt> from triggering.
+
+<p>This approach must be extended to include idle CPUs, which need
+RCU's grace-period memory ordering guarantee to extend to any
+RCU read-side critical sections preceding and following the current
+idle sojourn.
+This case is handled by calls to the strongly ordered
+<tt>atomic_add_return()</tt> read-modify-write atomic operation that
+is invoked within <tt>rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter()</tt> at idle-entry
+time and within <tt>rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit()</tt> at idle-exit time.
+The grace-period kthread invokes <tt>rcu_dynticks_snap()</tt> and
+<tt>rcu_dynticks_in_eqs_since()</tt> (both of which invoke
+an <tt>atomic_add_return()</tt> of zero) to detect idle CPUs.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ But what about CPUs that remain offline for the entire
+ grace period?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ Such CPUs will be offline at the beginning of the grace period,
+ so the grace period won't expect quiescent states from them.
+ Races between grace-period start and CPU-hotplug operations
+ are mediated by the CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
+ <tt>->lock</tt> as described above.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>The approach must be extended to handle one final case, that
+of waking a task blocked in <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt>.
+This task might be affinitied to a CPU that is not yet aware that
+the grace period has ended, and thus might not yet be subject to
+the grace period's memory ordering.
+Therefore, there is an <tt>smp_mb()</tt> after the return from
+<tt>wait_for_completion()</tt> in the <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt>
+code path.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ What? Where???
+ I don't see any <tt>smp_mb()</tt> after the return from
+ <tt>wait_for_completion()</tt>!!!
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ That would be because I spotted the need for that
+ <tt>smp_mb()</tt> during the creation of this documentation,
+ and it is therefore unlikely to hit mainline before v4.14.
+ Kudos to Lance Roy, Will Deacon, Peter Zijlstra, and
+ Jonathan Cameron for asking questions that sensitized me
+ to the rather elaborate sequence of events that demonstrate
+ the need for this memory barrier.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Tree RCU's grace--period memory-ordering guarantees rely most
+heavily on the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>
+field, so much so that it is necessary to abbreviate this pattern
+in the diagrams in the next section.
+For example, consider the <tt>rcu_prepare_for_idle()</tt> function
+shown below, which is one of several functions that enforce ordering
+of newly arrived RCU callbacks against future grace periods:
+
+<pre>
+ 1 static void rcu_prepare_for_idle(void)
+ 2 {
+ 3 bool needwake;
+ 4 struct rcu_data *rdp;
+ 5 struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_dynticks);
+ 6 struct rcu_node *rnp;
+ 7 struct rcu_state *rsp;
+ 8 int tne;
+ 9
+10 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_ALL) ||
+11 rcu_is_nocb_cpu(smp_processor_id()))
+12 return;
+13 tne = READ_ONCE(tick_nohz_active);
+14 if (tne != rdtp->tick_nohz_enabled_snap) {
+15 if (rcu_cpu_has_callbacks(NULL))
+16 invoke_rcu_core();
+17 rdtp->tick_nohz_enabled_snap = tne;
+18 return;
+19 }
+20 if (!tne)
+21 return;
+22 if (rdtp->all_lazy &&
+23 rdtp->nonlazy_posted != rdtp->nonlazy_posted_snap) {
+24 rdtp->all_lazy = false;
+25 rdtp->nonlazy_posted_snap = rdtp->nonlazy_posted;
+26 invoke_rcu_core();
+27 return;
+28 }
+29 if (rdtp->last_accelerate == jiffies)
+30 return;
+31 rdtp->last_accelerate = jiffies;
+32 for_each_rcu_flavor(rsp) {
+33 rdp = this_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda);
+34 if (rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(&rdp->cblist))
+35 continue;
+36 rnp = rdp->mynode;
+37 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
+38 needwake = rcu_accelerate_cbs(rsp, rnp, rdp);
+39 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
+40 if (needwake)
+41 rcu_gp_kthread_wake(rsp);
+42 }
+43 }
+</pre>
+
+<p>But the only part of <tt>rcu_prepare_for_idle()</tt> that really
+matters for this discussion are lines 37–39.
+We will therefore abbreviate this function as follows:
+
+</p><p><img src="rcu_node-lock.svg" alt="rcu_node-lock.svg">
+
+<p>The box represents the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>
+critical section, with the double line on top representing the additional
+<tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt>.
+
+<h3><a name="Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components">
+Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components</a></h3>
+
+<p>Tree RCU's grace-period memory-ordering guarantee is provided by
+a number of RCU components:
+
+<ol>
+<li> <a href="#Callback Registry">Callback Registry</a>
+<li> <a href="#Grace-Period Initialization">Grace-Period Initialization</a>
+<li> <a href="#Self-Reported Quiescent States">
+ Self-Reported Quiescent States</a>
+<li> <a href="#Dynamic Tick Interface">Dynamic Tick Interface</a>
+<li> <a href="#CPU-Hotplug Interface">CPU-Hotplug Interface</a>
+<li> <a href="Forcing Quiescent States">Forcing Quiescent States</a>
+<li> <a href="Grace-Period Cleanup">Grace-Period Cleanup</a>
+<li> <a href="Callback Invocation">Callback Invocation</a>
+</ol>
+
+<p>Each of the following section looks at the corresponding component
+in detail.
+
+<h4><a name="Callback Registry">Callback Registry</a></h4>
+
+<p>If RCU's grace-period guarantee is to mean anything at all, any
+access that happens before a given invocation of <tt>call_rcu()</tt>
+must also happen before the corresponding grace period.
+The implementation of this portion of RCU's grace period guarantee
+is shown in the following figure:
+
+</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-callback-registry.svg" alt="TreeRCU-callback-registry.svg">
+
+<p>Because <tt>call_rcu()</tt> normally acts only on CPU-local state,
+it provides no ordering guarantees, either for itself or for
+phase one of the update (which again will usually be removal of
+an element from an RCU-protected data structure).
+It simply enqueues the <tt>rcu_head</tt> structure on a per-CPU list,
+which cannot become associated with a grace period until a later
+call to <tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt>, as shown in the diagram above.
+
+<p>One set of code paths shown on the left invokes
+<tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt> via
+<tt>note_gp_changes()</tt>, either directly from <tt>call_rcu()</tt> (if
+the current CPU is inundated with queued <tt>rcu_head</tt> structures)
+or more likely from an <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt> handler.
+Another code path in the middle is taken only in kernels built with
+<tt>CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y</tt>, which invokes
+<tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt> via <tt>rcu_prepare_for_idle()</tt>.
+The final code path on the right is taken only in kernels built with
+<tt>CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y</tt>, which invokes
+<tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt> via
+<tt>rcu_advance_cbs()</tt>, <tt>rcu_migrate_callbacks</tt>,
+<tt>rcutree_migrate_callbacks()</tt>, and <tt>takedown_cpu()</tt>,
+which in turn is invoked on a surviving CPU after the outgoing
+CPU has been completely offlined.
+
+<p>There are a few other code paths within grace-period processing
+that opportunistically invoke <tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt>.
+However, either way, all of the CPU's recently queued <tt>rcu_head</tt>
+structures are associated with a future grace-period number under
+the protection of the CPU's lead <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
+<tt>->lock</tt>.
+In all cases, there is full ordering against any prior critical section
+for that same <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>, and
+also full ordering against any of the current task's or CPU's prior critical
+sections for any <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>.
+
+<p>The next section will show how this ordering ensures that any
+accesses prior to the <tt>call_rcu()</tt> (particularly including phase
+one of the update)
+happen before the start of the corresponding grace period.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ But what about <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt>?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ The <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt> passes <tt>call_rcu()</tt>
+ to <tt>wait_rcu_gp()</tt>, which invokes it.
+ So either way, it eventually comes down to <tt>call_rcu()</tt>.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<h4><a name="Grace-Period Initialization">Grace-Period Initialization</a></h4>
+
+<p>Grace-period initialization is carried out by
+the grace-period kernel thread, which makes several passes over the
+<tt>rcu_node</tt> tree within the <tt>rcu_gp_init()</tt> function.
+This means that showing the full flow of ordering through the
+grace-period computation will require duplicating this tree.
+If you find this confusing, please note that the state of the
+<tt>rcu_node</tt> changes over time, just like Heraclitus's river.
+However, to keep the <tt>rcu_node</tt> river tractable, the
+grace-period kernel thread's traversals are presented in multiple
+parts, starting in this section with the various phases of
+grace-period initialization.
+
+<p>The first ordering-related grace-period initialization action is to
+increment the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->gpnum</tt>
+grace-period-number counter, as shown below:
+
+</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>The actual increment is carried out using <tt>smp_store_release()</tt>,
+which helps reject false-positive RCU CPU stall detection.
+Note that only the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure is touched.
+
+<p>The first pass through the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree updates bitmasks
+based on CPUs having come online or gone offline since the start of
+the previous grace period.
+In the common case where the number of online CPUs for this <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structure has not transitioned to or from zero,
+this pass will scan only the leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures.
+However, if the number of online CPUs for a given leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structure has transitioned from zero,
+<tt>rcu_init_new_rnp()</tt> will be invoked for the first incoming CPU.
+Similarly, if the number of online CPUs for a given leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structure has transitioned to zero,
+<tt>rcu_cleanup_dead_rnp()</tt> will be invoked for the last outgoing CPU.
+The diagram below shows the path of ordering if the leftmost
+<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure onlines its first CPU and if the next
+<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure has no online CPUs
+(or, alternatively if the leftmost <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure offlines
+its last CPU and if the next <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure has no online CPUs).
+
+</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-init-2.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>The final <tt>rcu_gp_init()</tt> pass through the <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+tree traverses breadth-first, setting each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
+<tt>->gpnum</tt> field to the newly incremented value from the
+<tt>rcu_state</tt> structure, as shown in the following diagram.
+
+</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-init-3.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>This change will also cause each CPU's next call to
+<tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>
+to notice that a new grace period has started, as described in the next
+section.
+But because the grace-period kthread started the grace period at the
+root (with the increment of the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's
+<tt>->gpnum</tt> field) before setting each leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structure's <tt>->gpnum</tt> field, each CPU's observation of
+the start of the grace period will happen after the actual start
+of the grace period.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ But what about the CPU that started the grace period?
+ Why wouldn't it see the start of the grace period right when
+ it started that grace period?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ In some deep philosophical and overly anthromorphized
+ sense, yes, the CPU starting the grace period is immediately
+ aware of having done so.
+ However, if we instead assume that RCU is not self-aware,
+ then even the CPU starting the grace period does not really
+ become aware of the start of this grace period until its
+ first call to <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>.
+ On the other hand, this CPU potentially gets early notification
+ because it invokes <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt> during its
+ last <tt>rcu_gp_init()</tt> pass through its leaf
+ <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<h4><a name="Self-Reported Quiescent States">
+Self-Reported Quiescent States</a></h4>
+
+<p>When all entities that might block the grace period have reported
+quiescent states (or as described in a later section, had quiescent
+states reported on their behalf), the grace period can end.
+Online non-idle CPUs report their own quiescent states, as shown
+in the following diagram:
+
+</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-qs.svg" alt="TreeRCU-qs.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>This is for the last CPU to report a quiescent state, which signals
+the end of the grace period.
+Earlier quiescent states would push up the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree
+only until they encountered an <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure that
+is waiting for additional quiescent states.
+However, ordering is nevertheless preserved because some later quiescent
+state will acquire that <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>.
+
+<p>Any number of events can lead up to a CPU invoking
+<tt>note_gp_changes</tt> (or alternatively, directly invoking
+<tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>), at which point that CPU will notice
+the start of a new grace period while holding its leaf
+<tt>rcu_node</tt> lock.
+Therefore, all execution shown in this diagram happens after the
+start of the grace period.
+In addition, this CPU will consider any RCU read-side critical
+section that started before the invocation of <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>
+to have started before the grace period, and thus a critical
+section that the grace period must wait on.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ But a RCU read-side critical section might have started
+ after the beginning of the grace period
+ (the <tt>->gpnum++</tt> from earlier), so why should
+ the grace period wait on such a critical section?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ It is indeed not necessary for the grace period to wait on such
+ a critical section.
+ However, it is permissible to wait on it.
+ And it is furthermore important to wait on it, as this
+ lazy approach is far more scalable than a “big bang”
+ all-at-once grace-period start could possibly be.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>If the CPU does a context switch, a quiescent state will be
+noted by <tt>rcu_node_context_switch()</tt> on the left.
+On the other hand, if the CPU takes a scheduler-clock interrupt
+while executing in usermode, a quiescent state will be noted by
+<tt>rcu_check_callbacks()</tt> on the right.
+Either way, the passage through a quiescent state will be noted
+in a per-CPU variable.
+
+<p>The next time an <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt> handler executes on
+this CPU (for example, after the next scheduler-clock
+interrupt), <tt>__rcu_process_callbacks()</tt> will invoke
+<tt>rcu_check_quiescent_state()</tt>, which will notice the
+recorded quiescent state, and invoke
+<tt>rcu_report_qs_rdp()</tt>.
+If <tt>rcu_report_qs_rdp()</tt> verifies that the quiescent state
+really does apply to the current grace period, it invokes
+<tt>rcu_report_rnp()</tt> which traverses up the <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+tree as shown at the bottom of the diagram, clearing bits from
+each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->qsmask</tt> field,
+and propagating up the tree when the result is zero.
+
+<p>Note that traversal passes upwards out of a given <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structure only if the current CPU is reporting the last quiescent
+state for the subtree headed by that <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
+A key point is that if a CPU's traversal stops at a given <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structure, then there will be a later traversal by another CPU
+(or perhaps the same one) that proceeds upwards
+from that point, and the <tt>rcu_node</tt> <tt>->lock</tt>
+guarantees that the first CPU's quiescent state happens before the
+remainder of the second CPU's traversal.
+Applying this line of thought repeatedly shows that all CPUs'
+quiescent states happen before the last CPU traverses through
+the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, the “last CPU”
+being the one that clears the last bit in the root <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structure's <tt>->qsmask</tt> field.
+
+<h4><a name="Dynamic Tick Interface">Dynamic Tick Interface</a></h4>
+
+<p>Due to energy-efficiency considerations, RCU is forbidden from
+disturbing idle CPUs.
+CPUs are therefore required to notify RCU when entering or leaving idle
+state, which they do via fully ordered value-returning atomic operations
+on a per-CPU variable.
+The ordering effects are as shown below:
+
+</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-dyntick.svg" alt="TreeRCU-dyntick.svg" width="50%">
+
+<p>The RCU grace-period kernel thread samples the per-CPU idleness
+variable while holding the corresponding CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structure's <tt>->lock</tt>.
+This means that any RCU read-side critical sections that precede the
+idle period (the oval near the top of the diagram above) will happen
+before the end of the current grace period.
+Similarly, the beginning of the current grace period will happen before
+any RCU read-side critical sections that follow the
+idle period (the oval near the bottom of the diagram above).
+
+<p>Plumbing this into the full grace-period execution is described
+<a href="#Forcing Quiescent States">below</a>.
+
+<h4><a name="CPU-Hotplug Interface">CPU-Hotplug Interface</a></h4>
+
+<p>RCU is also forbidden from disturbing offline CPUs, which might well
+be powered off and removed from the system completely.
+CPUs are therefore required to notify RCU of their comings and goings
+as part of the corresponding CPU hotplug operations.
+The ordering effects are shown below:
+
+</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-hotplug.svg" alt="TreeRCU-hotplug.svg" width="50%">
+
+<p>Because CPU hotplug operations are much less frequent than idle transitions,
+they are heavier weight, and thus acquire the CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structure's <tt>->lock</tt> and update this structure's
+<tt>->qsmaskinitnext</tt>.
+The RCU grace-period kernel thread samples this mask to detect CPUs
+having gone offline since the beginning of this grace period.
+
+<p>Plumbing this into the full grace-period execution is described
+<a href="#Forcing Quiescent States">below</a>.
+
+<h4><a name="Forcing Quiescent States">Forcing Quiescent States</a></h4>
+
+<p>As noted above, idle and offline CPUs cannot report their own
+quiescent states, and therefore the grace-period kernel thread
+must do the reporting on their behalf.
+This process is called “forcing quiescent states”, it is
+repeated every few jiffies, and its ordering effects are shown below:
+
+</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-fqs.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-fqs.svg" width="100%">
+
+<p>Each pass of quiescent state forcing is guaranteed to traverse the
+leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures, and if there are no new quiescent
+states due to recently idled and/or offlined CPUs, then only the
+leaves are traversed.
+However, if there is a newly offlined CPU as illustrated on the left
+or a newly idled CPU as illustrated on the right, the corresponding
+quiescent state will be driven up towards the root.
+As with self-reported quiescent states, the upwards driving stops
+once it reaches an <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure that has quiescent
+states outstanding from other CPUs.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ The leftmost drive to root stopped before it reached
+ the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, which means that
+ there are still CPUs subordinate to that structure on
+ which the current grace period is waiting.
+ Given that, how is it possible that the rightmost drive
+ to root ended the grace period?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ Good analysis!
+ It is in fact impossible in the absence of bugs in RCU.
+ But this diagram is complex enough as it is, so simplicity
+ overrode accuracy.
+ You can think of it as poetic license, or you can think of
+ it as misdirection that is resolved in the
+ <a href="#Putting It All Together">stitched-together diagram</a>.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<h4><a name="Grace-Period Cleanup">Grace-Period Cleanup</a></h4>
+
+<p>Grace-period cleanup first scans the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree
+breadth-first setting all the <tt>->completed</tt> fields equal
+to the number of the newly completed grace period, then it sets
+the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->completed</tt> field,
+again to the number of the newly completed grace period.
+The ordering effects are shown below:
+
+</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-cleanup.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-cleanup.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>As indicated by the oval at the bottom of the diagram, once
+grace-period cleanup is complete, the next grace period can begin.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ But when precisely does the grace period end?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ There is no useful single point at which the grace period
+ can be said to end.
+ The earliest reasonable candidate is as soon as the last
+ CPU has reported its quiescent state, but it may be some
+ milliseconds before RCU becomes aware of this.
+ The latest reasonable candidate is once the <tt>rcu_state</tt>
+ structure's <tt>->completed</tt> field has been updated,
+ but it is quite possible that some CPUs have already completed
+ phase two of their updates by that time.
+ In short, if you are going to work with RCU, you need to
+ learn to embrace uncertainty.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<h4><a name="Callback Invocation">Callback Invocation</a></h4>
+
+<p>Once a given CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
+<tt>->completed</tt> field has been updated, that CPU can begin
+invoking its RCU callbacks that were waiting for this grace period
+to end.
+These callbacks are identified by <tt>rcu_advance_cbs()</tt>,
+which is usually invoked by <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>.
+As shown in the diagram below, this invocation can be triggered by
+the scheduling-clock interrupt (<tt>rcu_check_callbacks()</tt> on
+the left) or by idle entry (<tt>rcu_cleanup_after_idle()</tt> on
+the right, but only for kernels build with
+<tt>CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y</tt>).
+Either way, <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt> is raised, which results in
+<tt>rcu_do_batch()</tt> invoking the callbacks, which in turn
+allows those callbacks to carry out (either directly or indirectly
+via wakeup) the needed phase-two processing for each update.
+
+</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg" alt="TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg" width="60%">
+
+<p>Please note that callback invocation can also be prompted by any
+number of corner-case code paths, for example, when a CPU notes that
+it has excessive numbers of callbacks queued.
+In all cases, the CPU acquires its leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
+<tt>->lock</tt> before invoking callbacks, which preserves the
+required ordering against the newly completed grace period.
+
+<p>However, if the callback function communicates to other CPUs,
+for example, doing a wakeup, then it is that function's responsibility
+to maintain ordering.
+For example, if the callback function wakes up a task that runs on
+some other CPU, proper ordering must in place in both the callback
+function and the task being awakened.
+To see why this is important, consider the top half of the
+<a href="#Grace-Period Cleanup">grace-period cleanup</a> diagram.
+The callback might be running on a CPU corresponding to the leftmost
+leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, and awaken a task that is to run on
+a CPU corresponding to the rightmost leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure,
+and the grace-period kernel thread might not yet have reached the
+rightmost leaf.
+In this case, the grace period's memory ordering might not yet have
+reached that CPU, so again the callback function and the awakened
+task must supply proper ordering.
+
+<h3><a name="Putting It All Together">Putting It All Together</a></h3>
+
+<p>A stitched-together diagram is
+<a href="Tree-RCU-Diagram.html">here</a>.
+
+<h3><a name="Legal Statement">
+Legal Statement</a></h3>
+
+<p>This work represents the view of the author and does not necessarily
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index 000000000000..b13b7b01bb3a
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2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 03/16] documentation: Slow systems can stall RCU grace periods
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, fweisbec, oleg,
Paul E. McKenney
In-Reply-To: <20171004212051.GA8411@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If a fast system has a worst-case grace-period duration of (say) ten
seconds, then running the same workload on a system ten times as slow
will get you an RCU CPU stall warning given default stall-warning
timeout settings. This commit therefore adds this possibility to
stallwarn.txt.
Reported-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt | 6 ++++++
1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
index 21b8913acbdf..238acbd94917 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt
@@ -70,6 +70,12 @@ o A periodic interrupt whose handler takes longer than the time
considerably longer than normal, which can in turn result in
RCU CPU stall warnings.
+o Testing a workload on a fast system, tuning the stall-warning
+ timeout down to just barely avoid RCU CPU stall warnings, and then
+ running the same workload with the same stall-warning timeout on a
+ slow system. Note that thermal throttling and on-demand governors
+ can cause a single system to be sometimes fast and sometimes slow!
+
o A hardware or software issue shuts off the scheduler-clock
interrupt on a CPU that is not in dyntick-idle mode. This
problem really has happened, and seems to be most likely to
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related
* Re: [PATCH 1/2] clk: clk-gpio: Make GPIO clock provider use descriptors only
From: Stephen Boyd @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Linus Walleij; +Cc: Michael Turquette, linux-clk, Sergej Sawazki, Jyri Sarha
In-Reply-To: <CACRpkdZD9ApuYvatx9y4hVnHoRDBPFKrYvQnQemM8URZnVJ8NA@mail.gmail.com>
On 10/01, Linus Walleij wrote:
> On Sat, Sep 30, 2017 at 12:57 AM, Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> wrote:
> > On 09/24, Linus Walleij wrote:
>
> >> I don't have GPIO clocks in my setups so this will obviously
> >> need some testing.
> >>
> >> I guess the public APIs in clk-provider.h could actually be
> >> removed, but I'm not certain if that is proper. Maybe there
> >> are plans for this driver to be used by other providers than the
> >> device tree.
> >
> > If nobody is using them it's fine to remove them. This falls into
> > another "basic clk type" that Mike and I don't really like to
> > keep around.
>
> I started to make a patch for it, removing the non-clk_hw* portions
> so that at least only the *hw* infix versions would be around.
> (I guess that is what you want to optimally keep around.)
>
> It became a bit complex since this driver itself is using the
> non-hw calls, and with not being able to test it I chickened out.
>
> But if you like the idea, I can make a second attempt (on top of
> these two patches), especially if someone volunteers to test it.
I don't know if anyone is going to test it. We have only a
handful of users in mainline. I'll just merge these patches and
you can remove the non-clk_hw portions later if you're
interested.
--
Qualcomm Innovation Center, Inc. is a member of Code Aurora Forum,
a Linux Foundation Collaborative Project
^ permalink raw reply
* [xen-unstable-smoke test] 114020: regressions - FAIL
From: osstest service owner @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: xen-devel, osstest-admin
flight 114020 xen-unstable-smoke real [real]
http://logs.test-lab.xenproject.org/osstest/logs/114020/
Regressions :-(
Tests which did not succeed and are blocking,
including tests which could not be run:
test-amd64-amd64-libvirt 12 guest-start fail REGR. vs. 113972
build-armhf 6 xen-build fail REGR. vs. 113972
Tests which did not succeed, but are not blocking:
test-armhf-armhf-xl 1 build-check(1) blocked n/a
version targeted for testing:
xen 72b0c19a7040ab8446f16578b094fec8703f8095
baseline version:
xen dbc4b6e13a5d0dd8967cde7ff7000ab1ed88625e
Last test of basis 113972 2017-10-03 21:02:43 Z 1 days
Failing since 113979 2017-10-04 00:10:13 Z 0 days 14 attempts
Testing same since 114015 2017-10-04 18:01:26 Z 0 days 2 attempts
------------------------------------------------------------
People who touched revisions under test:
Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@citrix.com>
Bhupinder Thakur <bhupinder.thakur@linaro.org>
Ian Jackson <ian.jackson@eu.citrix.com>
Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Julien Grall <julien.grall@arm.com>
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Stefano Stabellini <sstabellini@kernel.org>
Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com>
jobs:
build-amd64 pass
build-armhf fail
build-amd64-libvirt pass
test-armhf-armhf-xl blocked
test-amd64-amd64-xl-qemuu-debianhvm-i386 pass
test-amd64-amd64-libvirt fail
------------------------------------------------------------
sg-report-flight on osstest.test-lab.xenproject.org
logs: /home/logs/logs
images: /home/logs/images
Logs, config files, etc. are available at
http://logs.test-lab.xenproject.org/osstest/logs
Explanation of these reports, and of osstest in general, is at
http://xenbits.xen.org/gitweb/?p=osstest.git;a=blob;f=README.email;hb=master
http://xenbits.xen.org/gitweb/?p=osstest.git;a=blob;f=README;hb=master
Test harness code can be found at
http://xenbits.xen.org/gitweb?p=osstest.git;a=summary
Not pushing.
(No revision log; it would be 524 lines long.)
_______________________________________________
Xen-devel mailing list
Xen-devel@lists.xen.org
https://lists.xen.org/xen-devel
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [Qemu-devel] [PATCH] qdev: Check for the availability of a hotplug controller before adding a device
From: Eduardo Habkost @ 2017-10-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Thomas Huth
Cc: Igor Mammedov, qemu-devel, Paolo Bonzini, Markus Armbruster,
Dr. David Alan Gilbert, Peter Maydell
In-Reply-To: <591132a9-c4e5-47cd-bab9-f017a116c2ae@redhat.com>
On Wed, Oct 04, 2017 at 09:29:54PM +0200, Thomas Huth wrote:
> On 04.10.2017 13:36, Igor Mammedov wrote:
> > On Tue, 3 Oct 2017 18:46:02 +0200
> > Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> wrote:
> >
> >> The qdev_unplug() function contains a g_assert(hotplug_ctrl) statement,
> >> so QEMU crashes when the user tries to device_add + device_del a device
> >> that does not have a corresponding hotplug controller. This could be
> >> provoked for a couple of devices in the past (see commit 4c93950659487c7ad
> >> or 84ebd3e8c7d4fe955 for example). So devices clearly need a hotplug
> >> controller when they are suitable for device_add.
> >> The code in qdev_device_add() already checks whether the bus has a proper
> >> hotplug controller, but for devices that do not have a corresponding bus,
> >> there is no appropriate check available. In that case we should check
> >> whether the machine itself provides a suitable hotplug controller and
> >> refuse to plug the device if none is available.
> >>
> >> Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
> >> ---
> >> This is the follow-up patch from my earlier try "hw/core/qdev: Do not
> >> allow hot-plugging without hotplug controller" ... AFAICS the function
> >> qdev_device_add() is now the right spot to do the check.
> >>
> >> hw/core/qdev.c | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++--------
> >> include/hw/qdev-core.h | 1 +
> >> qdev-monitor.c | 9 +++++++++
> >> 3 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
> >>
> >> diff --git a/hw/core/qdev.c b/hw/core/qdev.c
> >> index 606ab53..a953ec9 100644
> >> --- a/hw/core/qdev.c
> >> +++ b/hw/core/qdev.c
> >> @@ -253,19 +253,31 @@ void qdev_set_legacy_instance_id(DeviceState *dev, int alias_id,
> >> dev->alias_required_for_version = required_for_version;
> >> }
> >>
> >> +HotplugHandler *qdev_get_machine_hotplug_handler(DeviceState *dev)
> >> +{
> >> + MachineState *machine;
> >> + MachineClass *mc;
> >> + Object *m_obj = qdev_get_machine();
> >> +
> >> + if (object_dynamic_cast(m_obj, TYPE_MACHINE)) {
> >> + machine = MACHINE(m_obj);
> >> + mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(machine);
> >> + if (mc->get_hotplug_handler) {
> >> + return mc->get_hotplug_handler(machine, dev);
> >> + }
> >> + }
> >> +
> >> + return NULL;
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> HotplugHandler *qdev_get_hotplug_handler(DeviceState *dev)
> >> {
> >> - HotplugHandler *hotplug_ctrl = NULL;
> >> + HotplugHandler *hotplug_ctrl;
> >>
> >> if (dev->parent_bus && dev->parent_bus->hotplug_handler) {
> >> hotplug_ctrl = dev->parent_bus->hotplug_handler;
> >> - } else if (object_dynamic_cast(qdev_get_machine(), TYPE_MACHINE)) {
> >> - MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
> >> - MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(machine);
> >> -
> >> - if (mc->get_hotplug_handler) {
> >> - hotplug_ctrl = mc->get_hotplug_handler(machine, dev);
> >> - }
> >> + } else {
> >> + hotplug_ctrl = qdev_get_machine_hotplug_handler(dev);
> >> }
> >> return hotplug_ctrl;
> >> }
> >> diff --git a/include/hw/qdev-core.h b/include/hw/qdev-core.h
> >> index 0891461..5aa536d 100644
> >> --- a/include/hw/qdev-core.h
> >> +++ b/include/hw/qdev-core.h
> >> @@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ DeviceState *qdev_try_create(BusState *bus, const char *name);
> >> void qdev_init_nofail(DeviceState *dev);
> >> void qdev_set_legacy_instance_id(DeviceState *dev, int alias_id,
> >> int required_for_version);
> >> +HotplugHandler *qdev_get_machine_hotplug_handler(DeviceState *dev);
> >> HotplugHandler *qdev_get_hotplug_handler(DeviceState *dev);
> >> void qdev_unplug(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp);
> >> void qdev_simple_device_unplug_cb(HotplugHandler *hotplug_dev,
> >> diff --git a/qdev-monitor.c b/qdev-monitor.c
> >> index 8fd6df9..2891dde 100644
> >> --- a/qdev-monitor.c
> >> +++ b/qdev-monitor.c
> >> @@ -626,6 +626,15 @@ DeviceState *qdev_device_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
> >> return NULL;
> >> }
> >>
> >> + /* In case we don't have a bus, there must be a machine hotplug handler */
> >> + if (qdev_hotplug && !bus && !qdev_get_machine_hotplug_handler(dev)) {
> > current machine hotplug handler serves both cold and hot-plug so in reality it's
> > just 'plug' handler.
> >
> > Is there a point -device/device_add devices on board that doesn't have 'hotplug'
> > handler that would wire device up properly?
>
> Sorry, I did not get that question ... do you mean whether there's any
> code that uses qdev_device_add() to add a device without hotplug
> controller? I don't think so. It's currently only used by
> qmp_device_add() for the QMP/HMP command, in vl.c for -device and in the
> USB code for xen-usb host device. So this function currently really only
> makes sense for devices that have a hotplug controller.
I assume you are talking only about hotpluggable devices. With
-device, qdev_device_add() is also used for devices that don't
have a hotplug controller, but this is supposed to be true only
for non-hotpluggable devices.
--
Eduardo
^ permalink raw reply
* [PATCH v6 6/6] lib/dlock-list: Provide IRQ-safe APIs
From: Waiman Long @ 2017-10-04 21:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Alexander Viro, Jan Kara, Jeff Layton, J. Bruce Fields, Tejun Heo,
Christoph Lameter
Cc: linux-fsdevel, linux-kernel, Ingo Molnar, Peter Zijlstra,
Andi Kleen, Dave Chinner, Boqun Feng, Davidlohr Bueso,
Waiman Long
In-Reply-To: <1507152007-28753-1-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com>
To enable the use of dlock-list in an interrupt handler, the following
new APIs are provided for a irqsafe dlock-list:
- void dlock_list_unlock_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_iter *)
- void dlock_list_relock_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_iter *)
- void dlock_list_add_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_node *,
struct dlock_list_head *);
- void dlock_lists_add_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_node *,
struct dlock_list_heads *)
- void dlock_lists_del_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_node *)
New macros for irqsafe dlock-list:
- dlist_for_each_entry_irqsafe(pos, iter, member)
- dlist_for_each_entry_safe_irqsafe(pos, n, iter, member)
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
---
include/linux/dlock-list.h | 105 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
lib/dlock-list.c | 89 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
2 files changed, 164 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/dlock-list.h b/include/linux/dlock-list.h
index 7afea8f..00f0a29 100644
--- a/include/linux/dlock-list.h
+++ b/include/linux/dlock-list.h
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ struct dlock_list_node {
*/
struct dlock_list_iter {
int index;
+ unsigned long flags;
struct dlock_list_head *head, *entry;
};
@@ -100,6 +101,24 @@ static inline void dlock_list_relock(struct dlock_list_iter *iter)
spin_lock(&iter->entry->lock);
}
+/**
+ * dlock_list_unlock_irqsafe - unlock spinlock that protects the current list
+ * @iter: Pointer to the dlock list iterator structure
+ */
+static inline void dlock_list_unlock_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_iter *iter)
+{
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iter->entry->lock, iter->flags);
+}
+
+/**
+ * dlock_list_relock_irqsafe - lock spinlock that protects the current list
+ * @iter: Pointer to the dlock list iterator structure
+ */
+static inline void dlock_list_relock_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_iter *iter)
+{
+ spin_lock_irqsave(&iter->entry->lock, iter->flags);
+}
+
/*
* Allocation and freeing of dlock list
*/
@@ -113,12 +132,15 @@ static inline void dlock_list_relock(struct dlock_list_iter *iter)
/*
* The dlock list addition and deletion functions here are not irq-safe.
- * Special irq-safe variants will have to be added if we need them.
*/
extern void dlock_lists_add(struct dlock_list_node *node,
struct dlock_list_heads *dlist);
extern void dlock_lists_del(struct dlock_list_node *node);
+extern void dlock_lists_add_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_node *node,
+ struct dlock_list_heads *dlist);
+extern void dlock_lists_del_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_node *node);
+
/*
* Instead of individual list mapping by CPU number, it can be based on
* a given context to speed up loockup performance.
@@ -127,24 +149,28 @@ extern struct dlock_list_head *dlock_list_hash(struct dlock_list_heads *dlist,
void *context);
extern void dlock_list_add(struct dlock_list_node *node,
struct dlock_list_head *head);
+extern void dlock_list_add_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_node *node,
+ struct dlock_list_head *head);
/*
* Find the first entry of the next available list.
*/
extern struct dlock_list_node *
-__dlock_list_next_list(struct dlock_list_iter *iter);
+__dlock_list_next_list(struct dlock_list_iter *iter, bool irqsafe);
/**
* __dlock_list_next_entry - Iterate to the next entry of the dlock list
- * @curr : Pointer to the current dlock_list_node structure
- * @iter : Pointer to the dlock list iterator structure
+ * @curr : Pointer to the current dlock_list_node structure
+ * @iter : Pointer to the dlock list iterator structure
+ * @irqsafe: IRQ safe flag
* Return: Pointer to the next entry or NULL if all the entries are iterated
*
* The iterator has to be properly initialized before calling this function.
*/
static inline struct dlock_list_node *
__dlock_list_next_entry(struct dlock_list_node *curr,
- struct dlock_list_iter *iter)
+ struct dlock_list_iter *iter,
+ bool irqsafe)
{
/*
* Find next entry
@@ -157,7 +183,7 @@ extern void dlock_list_add(struct dlock_list_node *node,
* The current list has been exhausted, try the next available
* list.
*/
- curr = __dlock_list_next_list(iter);
+ curr = __dlock_list_next_list(iter, irqsafe);
}
return curr; /* Continue the iteration */
@@ -165,31 +191,33 @@ extern void dlock_list_add(struct dlock_list_node *node,
/**
* dlock_list_first_entry - get the first element from a list
- * @iter : The dlock list iterator.
- * @type : The type of the struct this is embedded in.
- * @member: The name of the dlock_list_node within the struct.
+ * @iter : The dlock list iterator.
+ * @type : The type of the struct this is embedded in.
+ * @member : The name of the dlock_list_node within the struct.
+ * @irqsafe: IRQ safe flag
* Return : Pointer to the next entry or NULL if all the entries are iterated.
*/
-#define dlock_list_first_entry(iter, type, member) \
+#define dlock_list_first_entry(iter, type, member, irqsafe) \
({ \
struct dlock_list_node *_n; \
- _n = __dlock_list_next_entry(NULL, iter); \
+ _n = __dlock_list_next_entry(NULL, iter, irqsafe); \
_n ? list_entry(_n, type, member) : NULL; \
})
/**
* dlock_list_next_entry - iterate to the next entry of the list
- * @pos : The type * to cursor
- * @iter : The dlock list iterator.
- * @member: The name of the dlock_list_node within the struct.
+ * @pos : The type * to cursor
+ * @iter : The dlock list iterator.
+ * @member : The name of the dlock_list_node within the struct.
+ * @irqsafe: IRQ safe flag
* Return : Pointer to the next entry or NULL if all the entries are iterated.
*
* Note that pos can't be NULL.
*/
-#define dlock_list_next_entry(pos, iter, member) \
+#define dlock_list_next_entry(pos, iter, member, irqsafe) \
({ \
struct dlock_list_node *_n; \
- _n = __dlock_list_next_entry(&(pos)->member, iter); \
+ _n = __dlock_list_next_entry(&(pos)->member, iter, irqsafe);\
_n ? list_entry(_n, typeof(*(pos)), member) : NULL; \
})
@@ -204,9 +232,9 @@ extern void dlock_list_add(struct dlock_list_node *node,
* This iteration function is designed to be used in a while loop.
*/
#define dlist_for_each_entry(pos, iter, member) \
- for (pos = dlock_list_first_entry(iter, typeof(*(pos)), member);\
+ for (pos = dlock_list_first_entry(iter, typeof(*(pos)), member, 0);\
pos != NULL; \
- pos = dlock_list_next_entry(pos, iter, member))
+ pos = dlock_list_next_entry(pos, iter, member, 0))
/**
* dlist_for_each_entry_safe - iterate over the dlock list & safe over removal
@@ -220,11 +248,48 @@ extern void dlock_list_add(struct dlock_list_node *node,
* current one.
*/
#define dlist_for_each_entry_safe(pos, n, iter, member) \
- for (pos = dlock_list_first_entry(iter, typeof(*(pos)), member);\
+ for (pos = dlock_list_first_entry(iter, typeof(*(pos)), member, 0);\
+ ({ \
+ bool _b = (pos != NULL); \
+ if (_b) \
+ n = dlock_list_next_entry(pos, iter, member, 0);\
+ _b; \
+ }); \
+ pos = n)
+
+/**
+ * dlist_for_each_entry_irqsafe - iterate over an irqsafe dlock list
+ * @pos : Type * to use as a loop cursor
+ * @iter : The dlock list iterator
+ * @member: The name of the dlock_list_node within the struct
+ *
+ * This iteration macro isn't safe with respect to list entry removal, but
+ * it can correctly iterate newly added entries right after the current one.
+ * This iteration function is designed to be used in a while loop.
+ */
+#define dlist_for_each_entry_irqsafe(pos, iter, member) \
+ for (pos = dlock_list_first_entry(iter, typeof(*(pos)), member, 1);\
+ pos != NULL; \
+ pos = dlock_list_next_entry(pos, iter, member, 1))
+
+/**
+ * dlist_for_each_entry_safe_irqsafe - iterate over an irqsafe dlock list &
+ * safe over removal
+ * @pos : Type * to use as a loop cursor
+ * @n : Another type * to use as temporary storage
+ * @iter : The dlock list iterator
+ * @member: The name of the dlock_list_node within the struct
+ *
+ * This iteration macro is safe with respect to list entry removal.
+ * However, it cannot correctly iterate newly added entries right after the
+ * current one.
+ */
+#define dlist_for_each_entry_safe_irqsafe(pos, n, iter, member) \
+ for (pos = dlock_list_first_entry(iter, typeof(*(pos)), member, 1);\
({ \
bool _b = (pos != NULL); \
if (_b) \
- n = dlock_list_next_entry(pos, iter, member); \
+ n = dlock_list_next_entry(pos, iter, member, 1);\
_b; \
}); \
pos = n)
diff --git a/lib/dlock-list.c b/lib/dlock-list.c
index e72579f..03d4b98 100644
--- a/lib/dlock-list.c
+++ b/lib/dlock-list.c
@@ -197,6 +197,22 @@ void dlock_list_add(struct dlock_list_node *node,
}
/**
+ * dlock_list_add_irqsafe - Add node to a particular head of irqsafe dlock list
+ * @node: The node to be added
+ * @head: The dlock list head where the node is to be added
+ */
+void dlock_list_add_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_node *node,
+ struct dlock_list_head *head)
+{
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ spin_lock_irqsave(&head->lock, flags);
+ node->head = head;
+ list_add(&node->list, &head->list);
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&head->lock, flags);
+}
+
+/**
* dlock_lists_add - Adds a node to the given dlock list
* @node : The node to be added
* @dlist: The dlock list where the node is to be added
@@ -213,8 +229,24 @@ void dlock_lists_add(struct dlock_list_node *node,
}
/**
- * dlock_lists_del - Delete a node from a dlock list
- * @node : The node to be deleted
+ * dlock_lists_add_irqsafe - Adds a node to the given irqsafe dlock list
+ * @node : The node to be added
+ * @dlist: The dlock list where the node is to be added
+ *
+ * List selection is based on the CPU being used when the
+ * dlock_list_add_irqsafe() function is called. However, deletion may be
+ * done by a different CPU.
+ */
+void dlock_lists_add_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_node *node,
+ struct dlock_list_heads *dlist)
+{
+ struct dlock_list_head *head = &dlist->heads[this_cpu_read(cpu2idx)];
+
+ dlock_list_add_irqsafe(node, head);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Delete a node from a dlock list
*
* We need to check the lock pointer again after taking the lock to guard
* against concurrent deletion of the same node. If the lock pointer changes
@@ -222,9 +254,11 @@ void dlock_lists_add(struct dlock_list_node *node,
* elsewhere. A warning will be printed if this happens as it is likely to be
* a bug.
*/
-void dlock_lists_del(struct dlock_list_node *node)
+static __always_inline void __dlock_lists_del(struct dlock_list_node *node,
+ bool irqsafe)
{
struct dlock_list_head *head;
+ unsigned long flags;
bool retry;
do {
@@ -233,7 +267,11 @@ void dlock_lists_del(struct dlock_list_node *node)
__func__, (unsigned long)node))
return;
- spin_lock(&head->lock);
+ if (irqsafe)
+ spin_lock_irqsave(&head->lock, flags);
+ else
+ spin_lock(&head->lock);
+
if (likely(head == node->head)) {
list_del_init(&node->list);
node->head = NULL;
@@ -246,26 +284,53 @@ void dlock_lists_del(struct dlock_list_node *node)
*/
retry = (node->head != NULL);
}
- spin_unlock(&head->lock);
+
+ if (irqsafe)
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&head->lock, flags);
+ else
+ spin_unlock(&head->lock);
} while (retry);
}
/**
+ * dlock_lists_del - Delete a node from a dlock list
+ * @node : The node to be deleted
+ */
+void dlock_lists_del(struct dlock_list_node *node)
+{
+ __dlock_lists_del(node, false);
+}
+
+/**
+ * dlock_lists_del_irqsafe - Delete a node from a irqsafe dlock list
+ * @node : The node to be deleted
+ */
+void dlock_lists_del_irqsafe(struct dlock_list_node *node)
+{
+ __dlock_lists_del(node, true);
+}
+
+/**
* __dlock_list_next_list: Find the first entry of the next available list
- * @dlist: Pointer to the dlock_list_heads structure
- * @iter : Pointer to the dlock list iterator structure
+ * @dlist : Pointer to the dlock_list_heads structure
+ * @iter : Pointer to the dlock list iterator structure
+ * @irqsafe: IRQ safe flag
* Return: true if the entry is found, false if all the lists exhausted
*
* The information about the next available list will be put into the iterator.
*/
-struct dlock_list_node *__dlock_list_next_list(struct dlock_list_iter *iter)
+struct dlock_list_node *__dlock_list_next_list(struct dlock_list_iter *iter,
+ bool irqsafe)
{
struct dlock_list_node *next;
struct dlock_list_head *head;
restart:
if (iter->entry) {
- spin_unlock(&iter->entry->lock);
+ if (irqsafe)
+ dlock_list_unlock_irqsafe(iter);
+ else
+ dlock_list_unlock(iter);
iter->entry = NULL;
}
@@ -280,7 +345,11 @@ struct dlock_list_node *__dlock_list_next_list(struct dlock_list_iter *iter)
goto next_list;
head = iter->entry = &iter->head[iter->index];
- spin_lock(&head->lock);
+ if (irqsafe)
+ dlock_list_relock_irqsafe(iter);
+ else
+ dlock_list_relock(iter);
+
/*
* There is a slight chance that the list may become empty just
* before the lock is acquired. So an additional check is
--
1.8.3.1
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