[PATCH] KVM: s390: pci: fix GAIT table indexing due to double-scaling pointer arithmetic

[PATCH] KVM: s390: pci: fix GAIT table indexing due to double-scaling pointer arithmetic

[Junrui Luo]

kvm_s390_pci_aif_enable(), kvm_s390_pci_aif_disable(), and
aen_host_forward() index the GAIT by manually multiplying the index
with sizeof(struct zpci_gaite).

Since aift->gait is already a struct zpci_gaite pointer, this
double-scales the offset, accessing element aisb*16 instead of aisb.

This causes out-of-bounds accesses when aisb >= 32 (with
ZPCI_NR_DEVICES=512)

Fix by removing the erroneous sizeof multiplication.

Fixes: 3c5a1b6f0a18 ("KVM: s390: pci: provide routines for enabling/disabling interrupt forwarding")
Fixes: 73f91b004321 ("KVM: s390: pci: enable host forwarding of Adapter Event Notifications")
Reported-by: Yuhao Jiang <danisjiang@gmail.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Junrui Luo <moonafterrain@outlook.com>
---
 arch/s390/kvm/interrupt.c | 3 +--
 arch/s390/kvm/pci.c       | 6 ++----
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/s390/kvm/interrupt.c b/arch/s390/kvm/interrupt.c
index 7cb8ce833b62..f48f25c7dc8f 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kvm/interrupt.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kvm/interrupt.c
@@ -3307,8 +3307,7 @@ static void aen_host_forward(unsigned long si)
 	struct zpci_gaite *gaite;
 	struct kvm *kvm;
 
-	gaite = (struct zpci_gaite *)aift->gait +
-		(si * sizeof(struct zpci_gaite));
+	gaite = aift->gait + si;
 	if (gaite->count == 0)
 		return;
 	if (gaite->aisb != 0)
diff --git a/arch/s390/kvm/pci.c b/arch/s390/kvm/pci.c
index 86d93e8dddae..eed45af1a92d 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kvm/pci.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kvm/pci.c
@@ -290,8 +290,7 @@ static int kvm_s390_pci_aif_enable(struct zpci_dev *zdev, struct zpci_fib *fib,
 				    phys_to_virt(fib->fmt0.aibv));
 
 	spin_lock_irq(&aift->gait_lock);
-	gaite = (struct zpci_gaite *)aift->gait + (zdev->aisb *
-						   sizeof(struct zpci_gaite));
+	gaite = aift->gait + zdev->aisb;
 
 	/* If assist not requested, host will get all alerts */
 	if (assist)
@@ -357,8 +356,7 @@ static int kvm_s390_pci_aif_disable(struct zpci_dev *zdev, bool force)
 	if (zdev->kzdev->fib.fmt0.aibv == 0)
 		goto out;
 	spin_lock_irq(&aift->gait_lock);
-	gaite = (struct zpci_gaite *)aift->gait + (zdev->aisb *
-						   sizeof(struct zpci_gaite));
+	gaite = aift->gait + zdev->aisb;
 	isc = gaite->gisc;
 	gaite->count--;
 	if (gaite->count == 0) {

---
base-commit: 7aaa8047eafd0bd628065b15757d9b48c5f9c07d
change-id: 20260415-fixes-0a69953f011b

Best regards,
-- 
Junrui Luo <moonafterrain@outlook.com>

Re: [PATCH] KVM: s390: pci: fix GAIT table indexing due to double-scaling pointer arithmetic

[Christian Borntraeger]

Am 15.04.26 um 11:26 schrieb Junrui Luo:
> kvm_s390_pci_aif_enable(), kvm_s390_pci_aif_disable(), and
> aen_host_forward() index the GAIT by manually multiplying the index
> with sizeof(struct zpci_gaite).
> 
> Since aift->gait is already a struct zpci_gaite pointer, this
> double-scales the offset, accessing element aisb*16 instead of aisb.
> 
> This causes out-of-bounds accesses when aisb >= 32 (with
> ZPCI_NR_DEVICES=512)
> 
> Fix by removing the erroneous sizeof multiplication.
> 
> Fixes: 3c5a1b6f0a18 ("KVM: s390: pci: provide routines for enabling/disabling interrupt forwarding")
> Fixes: 73f91b004321 ("KVM: s390: pci: enable host forwarding of Adapter Event Notifications")
> Reported-by: Yuhao Jiang <danisjiang@gmail.com>
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Junrui Luo <moonafterrain@outlook.com>

looks good to me.
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>

Out of interest, was this found by static code checking or AI by any chance?



@Matt, can you test/review this as well?

> ---
>   arch/s390/kvm/interrupt.c | 3 +--
>   arch/s390/kvm/pci.c       | 6 ++----
>   2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/s390/kvm/interrupt.c b/arch/s390/kvm/interrupt.c
> index 7cb8ce833b62..f48f25c7dc8f 100644
> --- a/arch/s390/kvm/interrupt.c
> +++ b/arch/s390/kvm/interrupt.c
> @@ -3307,8 +3307,7 @@ static void aen_host_forward(unsigned long si)
>   	struct zpci_gaite *gaite;
>   	struct kvm *kvm;
>   
> -	gaite = (struct zpci_gaite *)aift->gait +
> -		(si * sizeof(struct zpci_gaite));
> +	gaite = aift->gait + si;
>   	if (gaite->count == 0)
>   		return;
>   	if (gaite->aisb != 0)
> diff --git a/arch/s390/kvm/pci.c b/arch/s390/kvm/pci.c
> index 86d93e8dddae..eed45af1a92d 100644
> --- a/arch/s390/kvm/pci.c
> +++ b/arch/s390/kvm/pci.c
> @@ -290,8 +290,7 @@ static int kvm_s390_pci_aif_enable(struct zpci_dev *zdev, struct zpci_fib *fib,
>   				    phys_to_virt(fib->fmt0.aibv));
>   
>   	spin_lock_irq(&aift->gait_lock);
> -	gaite = (struct zpci_gaite *)aift->gait + (zdev->aisb *
> -						   sizeof(struct zpci_gaite));
> +	gaite = aift->gait + zdev->aisb;
>   
>   	/* If assist not requested, host will get all alerts */
>   	if (assist)
> @@ -357,8 +356,7 @@ static int kvm_s390_pci_aif_disable(struct zpci_dev *zdev, bool force)
>   	if (zdev->kzdev->fib.fmt0.aibv == 0)
>   		goto out;
>   	spin_lock_irq(&aift->gait_lock);
> -	gaite = (struct zpci_gaite *)aift->gait + (zdev->aisb *
> -						   sizeof(struct zpci_gaite));
> +	gaite = aift->gait + zdev->aisb;
>   	isc = gaite->gisc;
>   	gaite->count--;
>   	if (gaite->count == 0) {
> 

Re: [PATCH] KVM: s390: pci: fix GAIT table indexing due to double-scaling pointer arithmetic

[Matthew Rosato]

On 4/16/26 9:06 AM, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
> Am 15.04.26 um 11:26 schrieb Junrui Luo:
>> kvm_s390_pci_aif_enable(), kvm_s390_pci_aif_disable(), and
>> aen_host_forward() index the GAIT by manually multiplying the index
>> with sizeof(struct zpci_gaite).
>>
>> Since aift->gait is already a struct zpci_gaite pointer, this
>> double-scales the offset, accessing element aisb*16 instead of aisb.
>>
>> This causes out-of-bounds accesses when aisb >= 32 (with
>> ZPCI_NR_DEVICES=512)
>>
>> Fix by removing the erroneous sizeof multiplication.
>>
>> Fixes: 3c5a1b6f0a18 ("KVM: s390: pci: provide routines for enabling/
>> disabling interrupt forwarding")
>> Fixes: 73f91b004321 ("KVM: s390: pci: enable host forwarding of
>> Adapter Event Notifications")
>> Reported-by: Yuhao Jiang <danisjiang@gmail.com>
>> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
>> Signed-off-by: Junrui Luo <moonafterrain@outlook.com>
> 
> looks good to me.
> Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
> 
> Out of interest, was this found by static code checking or AI by any
> chance?
> 
> 
> 
> @Matt, can you test/review this as well?
> 

Thanks for the report and the fix.

I did some tracing to confirm the issue -- indeed, gaite is being
indexed by 256B instead of 16B.

Because the incorrect offset calculation was used consistently in all 3
spots, the expected gaite is always found; a problem only arises once we
attempt to access beyond the allocated number of pages for the gaite array.

When this can possibly happen is a factor of the configurable
CONFIG_PCI_NR_FUNCTIONS -- but yes, as the commit message alludes to,
the default for this is 512 which means once aisb reaches 32 * 256B we
would cross beyond the 2 contiguous 4K pages that would have been
allocated for 512 * 16B entries.

I also did some general regression testing with a mixture of ISM, mlx
and NVMe devices with this patch applied.

Reviewed-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com>

Re: [PATCH] KVM: s390: pci: fix GAIT table indexing due to double-scaling pointer arithmetic

[Junrui Luo]

Hi Christian, Matthew,

Thanks for the review and testing.

On Thu, Apr 16, 2026 at 03:06:56PM +0200, Christian Borntraeger wrote:
> Out of interest, was this found by static code checking or AI by any chance?

Yes, it was found with the help of an LLM, and we verified the issue
manually.

Thanks,
Junrui Luo

Re: [PATCH] KVM: s390: pci: fix GAIT table indexing due to double-scaling pointer arithmetic

[Christian Borntraeger]

Am 15.04.26 um 11:26 schrieb Junrui Luo:
> kvm_s390_pci_aif_enable(), kvm_s390_pci_aif_disable(), and
> aen_host_forward() index the GAIT by manually multiplying the index
> with sizeof(struct zpci_gaite).
> 
> Since aift->gait is already a struct zpci_gaite pointer, this
> double-scales the offset, accessing element aisb*16 instead of aisb.
> 
> This causes out-of-bounds accesses when aisb >= 32 (with
> ZPCI_NR_DEVICES=512)
> 
> Fix by removing the erroneous sizeof multiplication.
> 
> Fixes: 3c5a1b6f0a18 ("KVM: s390: pci: provide routines for enabling/disabling interrupt forwarding")
> Fixes: 73f91b004321 ("KVM: s390: pci: enable host forwarding of Adapter Event Notifications")
> Reported-by: Yuhao Jiang <danisjiang@gmail.com>
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Junrui Luo <moonafterrain@outlook.com>

thanks, applied.