don't build bios/contexts over multiple iomaps v2

don't build bios/contexts over multiple iomaps v2

[Christoph Hellwig]

Hi all,

this patch changes how iomap submits bios for reads.  The old behavior
to build up bios across iomap was already considered problematic for
a while, but we now ran into a erofs bug because of it, so it's time
to finally fix it.

It would be great to get the fix into 7.2 as the fixed bug can be
triggered by users.

Changes since v1:
 - don't submit fuse context after each iteration
 - consolidate some code to support the above
 - fix a bug in the fs PI support found while doing the above

[PATCH 1/2] iomap: consolidate bio submission

[Christoph Hellwig]

Add a iomap_bio_submit_read_endio helper factored out of
iomap_bio_submit_read to that all ->submit_read implementations for
iomap_read_ops that use iomap_bio_read_folio_range can shared the
logic.

Right now that logic is mostly trivial, but already has a bug for XFS
because the XFS version is too trivial:  file system integrity validation
needs a workqueue context and thus can't happen from the default iomap
bi_end_io I/O handler.  Unfortunately the iomap refactoring just before
fs integrity landed moved code around here and the call go misplaced,
meaning it never got called.  The PI information still is verified by
the block layer, but the offloading is less efficient (and the future
userspace interface can't get at it).

Fixes: 0b10a370529c ("iomap: support T10 protection information")
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
---
 fs/exfat/iomap.c      |  5 +----
 fs/iomap/bio.c        | 13 ++++++++++---
 fs/ntfs/aops.c        |  6 ++----
 fs/ntfs3/inode.c      |  5 +----
 fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c     |  3 +--
 include/linux/iomap.h |  2 ++
 6 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/exfat/iomap.c b/fs/exfat/iomap.c
index 1aac38e63fe6..190fc6471f84 100644
--- a/fs/exfat/iomap.c
+++ b/fs/exfat/iomap.c
@@ -253,10 +253,7 @@ static void exfat_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
 static void exfat_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
 {
-	struct bio *bio = ctx->read_ctx;
-
-	bio->bi_end_io = exfat_iomap_read_end_io;
-	submit_bio(bio);
+	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, exfat_iomap_read_end_io);
 }
 
 const struct iomap_read_ops exfat_iomap_bio_read_ops = {
diff --git a/fs/iomap/bio.c b/fs/iomap/bio.c
index 4504f4633f17..0f31e35567b4 100644
--- a/fs/iomap/bio.c
+++ b/fs/iomap/bio.c
@@ -78,15 +78,23 @@ u32 iomap_finish_ioend_buffered_read(struct iomap_ioend *ioend)
 	return __iomap_read_end_io(&ioend->io_bio, ioend->io_error);
 }
 
-static void iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bio_end_io_t end_io)
 {
 	struct bio *bio = ctx->read_ctx;
 
+	bio->bi_end_io = end_io;
 	if (iter->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_INTEGRITY)
 		fs_bio_integrity_alloc(bio);
 	submit_bio(bio);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_bio_submit_read_endio);
+
+static void iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	return iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, iomap_read_end_io);
+}
 
 static struct bio_set *iomap_read_bio_set(struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
 {
@@ -127,7 +135,6 @@ static void iomap_read_alloc_bio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 	if (ctx->rac)
 		bio->bi_opf |= REQ_RAHEAD;
 	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = iomap_sector(iomap, iter->pos);
-	bio->bi_end_io = iomap_read_end_io;
 	bio_add_folio_nofail(bio, folio, plen,
 			offset_in_folio(folio, iter->pos));
 	ctx->read_ctx = bio;
diff --git a/fs/ntfs/aops.c b/fs/ntfs/aops.c
index 1fbf832ad165..f2bb56506046 100644
--- a/fs/ntfs/aops.c
+++ b/fs/ntfs/aops.c
@@ -38,11 +38,9 @@ static void ntfs_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
 }
 
 static void ntfs_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-	struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
 {
-	struct bio *bio = ctx->read_ctx;
-	bio->bi_end_io = ntfs_iomap_read_end_io;
-	submit_bio(bio);
+	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
 }
 
 static const struct iomap_read_ops ntfs_iomap_bio_read_ops = {
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/inode.c b/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
index 42af1abe17f8..f9600aba1548 100644
--- a/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
@@ -609,10 +609,7 @@ static void ntfs_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
 static void ntfs_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
 {
-	struct bio *bio = ctx->read_ctx;
-
-	bio->bi_end_io = ntfs_iomap_read_end_io;
-	submit_bio(bio);
+	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
 }
 
 static const struct iomap_read_ops ntfs_iomap_bio_read_ops = {
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
index 2a0c54256e93..51293b6f331f 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
@@ -764,8 +764,7 @@ xfs_bio_submit_read(
 
 	/* defer read completions to the ioend workqueue */
 	iomap_init_ioend(iter->inode, bio, ctx->read_ctx_file_offset, 0);
-	bio->bi_end_io = xfs_end_bio;
-	submit_bio(bio);
+	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, xfs_end_bio);
 }
 
 static const struct iomap_read_ops xfs_iomap_read_ops = {
diff --git a/include/linux/iomap.h b/include/linux/iomap.h
index 3582ed1fe236..56b43d594e6e 100644
--- a/include/linux/iomap.h
+++ b/include/linux/iomap.h
@@ -622,6 +622,8 @@ extern struct bio_set iomap_ioend_bioset;
 #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
 int iomap_bio_read_folio_range(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, size_t plen);
+void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bio_end_io_t end_io);
 
 extern const struct iomap_read_ops iomap_bio_read_ops;
 
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[Christoph Hellwig]

Currently the iomap buffered read path tries to build up read context
(i.e. bios for the typical block based case) over multiple iomaps as
long as the sector matches.  This does not take into account files
that can map to multiple different devices.  While this could be fixed
by a bdev check in iomap_bio_read_folio_range, the building up of I/O
over iomaps actually was a problem for the not yet merged ext2 iomap
port, as that does want to send out I/O at the end of an indirect
block mapped range.

So instead of adding more checks move over to a model where a bio only
spans a single iomap.  Change ->submit_read to be called after each
iteration, and pass a force argument to indicate that the bio must
be submitted set on the last iteration.  Switch the bio based users
to always submit, while keeping the single submit for fuse.

Fixes: dfeab2e95a75 ("erofs: add multiple device support")
Reported-by: Kelu Ye <yekelu1@huawei.com>
Reported-by: Yifan Zhao <zhaoyifan28@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
---
 fs/exfat/iomap.c       |  4 ++--
 fs/fuse/file.c         |  6 +++++-
 fs/iomap/bio.c         | 11 +++++++----
 fs/iomap/buffered-io.c | 23 +++++++++++++++--------
 fs/ntfs/aops.c         |  4 ++--
 fs/ntfs3/inode.c       |  4 ++--
 fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c      |  5 +++--
 include/linux/iomap.h  |  5 +++--
 8 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/exfat/iomap.c b/fs/exfat/iomap.c
index 190fc6471f84..58e25c4e8587 100644
--- a/fs/exfat/iomap.c
+++ b/fs/exfat/iomap.c
@@ -251,9 +251,9 @@ static void exfat_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
 }
 
 static void exfat_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
 {
-	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, exfat_iomap_read_end_io);
+	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, force, exfat_iomap_read_end_io);
 }
 
 const struct iomap_read_ops exfat_iomap_bio_read_ops = {
diff --git a/fs/fuse/file.c b/fs/fuse/file.c
index e052a0d44dee..6fa3b1f55c95 100644
--- a/fs/fuse/file.c
+++ b/fs/fuse/file.c
@@ -982,13 +982,17 @@ static int fuse_iomap_read_folio_range_async(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 }
 
 static void fuse_iomap_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
 {
 	struct fuse_fill_read_data *data = ctx->read_ctx;
 
+	if (!force)
+		return;
+
 	if (data->ia)
 		fuse_send_readpages(data->ia, data->file, data->nr_bytes,
 				    data->fc->async_read);
+	ctx->read_ctx = NULL;
 }
 
 static const struct iomap_read_ops fuse_iomap_read_ops = {
diff --git a/fs/iomap/bio.c b/fs/iomap/bio.c
index 0f31e35567b4..f71aaaf60301 100644
--- a/fs/iomap/bio.c
+++ b/fs/iomap/bio.c
@@ -79,7 +79,8 @@ u32 iomap_finish_ioend_buffered_read(struct iomap_ioend *ioend)
 }
 
 void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bio_end_io_t end_io)
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force,
+		bio_end_io_t end_io)
 {
 	struct bio *bio = ctx->read_ctx;
 
@@ -87,13 +88,15 @@ void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 	if (iter->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_INTEGRITY)
 		fs_bio_integrity_alloc(bio);
 	submit_bio(bio);
+
+	ctx->read_ctx = NULL;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_bio_submit_read_endio);
 
 static void iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
 {
-	return iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, iomap_read_end_io);
+	return iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, force, iomap_read_end_io);
 }
 
 static struct bio_set *iomap_read_bio_set(struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ static void iomap_read_alloc_bio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 
 	/* Submit the existing range if there was one. */
 	if (ctx->read_ctx)
-		ctx->ops->submit_read(iter, ctx);
+		ctx->ops->submit_read(iter, ctx, true);
 
 	/* Same as readahead_gfp_mask: */
 	if (ctx->rac)
diff --git a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
index 8d4806dc46d4..06a216d37548 100644
--- a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
+++ b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
@@ -524,6 +524,13 @@ static void iomap_read_end(struct folio *folio, size_t bytes_submitted)
 	}
 }
 
+static void iomap_submit_read(struct iomap_iter *iter,
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
+{
+	if (ctx->read_ctx && ctx->ops->submit_read)
+		ctx->ops->submit_read(iter, ctx, force);
+}
+
 static int iomap_read_folio_iter(struct iomap_iter *iter,
 		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, size_t *bytes_submitted)
 {
@@ -642,12 +649,12 @@ void iomap_read_folio(const struct iomap_ops *ops,
 		fsverity_readahead(ctx->vi, folio->index,
 				   folio_nr_pages(folio));
 
-	while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iter, ops)) > 0)
+	while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iter, ops)) > 0) {
+		iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, false);
 		iter.status = iomap_read_folio_iter(&iter, ctx,
 				&bytes_submitted);
-
-	if (ctx->read_ctx && ctx->ops->submit_read)
-		ctx->ops->submit_read(&iter, ctx);
+	}
+	iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, true);
 
 	if (ctx->cur_folio)
 		iomap_read_end(ctx->cur_folio, bytes_submitted);
@@ -718,12 +725,12 @@ void iomap_readahead(const struct iomap_ops *ops,
 		fsverity_readahead(ctx->vi, readahead_index(rac),
 				readahead_count(rac));
 
-	while (iomap_iter(&iter, ops) > 0)
+	while (iomap_iter(&iter, ops) > 0) {
+		iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, false);
 		iter.status = iomap_readahead_iter(&iter, ctx,
 					&cur_bytes_submitted);
-
-	if (ctx->read_ctx && ctx->ops->submit_read)
-		ctx->ops->submit_read(&iter, ctx);
+	}
+	iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, true);
 
 	if (ctx->cur_folio)
 		iomap_read_end(ctx->cur_folio, cur_bytes_submitted);
diff --git a/fs/ntfs/aops.c b/fs/ntfs/aops.c
index f2bb56506046..c32ecc28cb52 100644
--- a/fs/ntfs/aops.c
+++ b/fs/ntfs/aops.c
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ static void ntfs_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
 }
 
 static void ntfs_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
 {
-	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
+	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, force, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
 }
 
 static const struct iomap_read_ops ntfs_iomap_bio_read_ops = {
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/inode.c b/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
index f9600aba1548..110c9b8208e1 100644
--- a/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
@@ -607,9 +607,9 @@ static void ntfs_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
 }
 
 static void ntfs_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
 {
-	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
+	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, force, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
 }
 
 static const struct iomap_read_ops ntfs_iomap_bio_read_ops = {
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
index 51293b6f331f..42ebb2265408 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
@@ -758,13 +758,14 @@ xfs_vm_bmap(
 static void
 xfs_bio_submit_read(
 	const struct iomap_iter		*iter,
-	struct iomap_read_folio_ctx	*ctx)
+	struct iomap_read_folio_ctx	*ctx,
+	bool				force)
 {
 	struct bio			*bio = ctx->read_ctx;
 
 	/* defer read completions to the ioend workqueue */
 	iomap_init_ioend(iter->inode, bio, ctx->read_ctx_file_offset, 0);
-	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, xfs_end_bio);
+	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, force, xfs_end_bio);
 }
 
 static const struct iomap_read_ops xfs_iomap_read_ops = {
diff --git a/include/linux/iomap.h b/include/linux/iomap.h
index 56b43d594e6e..266844b62372 100644
--- a/include/linux/iomap.h
+++ b/include/linux/iomap.h
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ struct iomap_read_ops {
 	 * This is optional.
 	 */
 	void (*submit_read)(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-			struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx);
+			struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force);
 
 	/*
 	 * Optional, allows filesystem to specify own bio_set, so new bio's
@@ -623,7 +623,8 @@ extern struct bio_set iomap_ioend_bioset;
 int iomap_bio_read_folio_range(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, size_t plen);
 void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bio_end_io_t end_io);
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force,
+		bio_end_io_t end_io);
 
 extern const struct iomap_read_ops iomap_bio_read_ops;
 
-- 
2.53.0

Re: [PATCH 1/2] iomap: consolidate bio submission

[Joanne Koong]

On Tue, Jun 23, 2026 at 6:52 AM Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> wrote:
>
> Add a iomap_bio_submit_read_endio helper factored out of
> iomap_bio_submit_read to that all ->submit_read implementations for
> iomap_read_ops that use iomap_bio_read_folio_range can shared the
> logic.
>
> Right now that logic is mostly trivial, but already has a bug for XFS
> because the XFS version is too trivial:  file system integrity validation
> needs a workqueue context and thus can't happen from the default iomap
> bi_end_io I/O handler.  Unfortunately the iomap refactoring just before
> fs integrity landed moved code around here and the call go misplaced,
> meaning it never got called.  The PI information still is verified by
> the block layer, but the offloading is less efficient (and the future
> userspace interface can't get at it).
>
> Fixes: 0b10a370529c ("iomap: support T10 protection information")
> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

Reviewed-by: Joanne Koong <joannelkoong@gmail.com>

Re: [PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[Joanne Koong]

On Tue, Jun 23, 2026 at 6:52 AM Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> wrote:
>
> Currently the iomap buffered read path tries to build up read context
> (i.e. bios for the typical block based case) over multiple iomaps as
> long as the sector matches.  This does not take into account files
> that can map to multiple different devices.  While this could be fixed
> by a bdev check in iomap_bio_read_folio_range, the building up of I/O
> over iomaps actually was a problem for the not yet merged ext2 iomap
> port, as that does want to send out I/O at the end of an indirect
> block mapped range.
>
> So instead of adding more checks move over to a model where a bio only
> spans a single iomap.  Change ->submit_read to be called after each
> iteration, and pass a force argument to indicate that the bio must
> be submitted set on the last iteration.  Switch the bio based users
> to always submit, while keeping the single submit for fuse.
>
> Fixes: dfeab2e95a75 ("erofs: add multiple device support")
> Reported-by: Kelu Ye <yekelu1@huawei.com>
> Reported-by: Yifan Zhao <zhaoyifan28@huawei.com>
> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> ---
>  fs/exfat/iomap.c       |  4 ++--
>  fs/fuse/file.c         |  6 +++++-
>  fs/iomap/bio.c         | 11 +++++++----
>  fs/iomap/buffered-io.c | 23 +++++++++++++++--------
>  fs/ntfs/aops.c         |  4 ++--
>  fs/ntfs3/inode.c       |  4 ++--
>  fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c      |  5 +++--
>  include/linux/iomap.h  |  5 +++--
>  8 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/fs/iomap/bio.c b/fs/iomap/bio.c
> index 0f31e35567b4..f71aaaf60301 100644
> --- a/fs/iomap/bio.c
> +++ b/fs/iomap/bio.c
> @@ -79,7 +79,8 @@ u32 iomap_finish_ioend_buffered_read(struct iomap_ioend *ioend)
>  }
>
>  void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -               struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bio_end_io_t end_io)
> +               struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force,

nit: might simplify things to drop the unused force arg

> +               bio_end_io_t end_io)
>  {
>         struct bio *bio = ctx->read_ctx;
>
> @@ -87,13 +88,15 @@ void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
>         if (iter->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_INTEGRITY)
>                 fs_bio_integrity_alloc(bio);
>         submit_bio(bio);
> +
> +       ctx->read_ctx = NULL;
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_bio_submit_read_endio);
>
>
> diff --git a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
> index 8d4806dc46d4..06a216d37548 100644
> --- a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
> +++ b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
>
> @@ -642,12 +649,12 @@ void iomap_read_folio(const struct iomap_ops *ops,
>                 fsverity_readahead(ctx->vi, folio->index,
>                                    folio_nr_pages(folio));
>
> -       while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iter, ops)) > 0)
> +       while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iter, ops)) > 0) {
> +               iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, false);
>                 iter.status = iomap_read_folio_iter(&iter, ctx,
>                                 &bytes_submitted);

should the submit_read happen after the iomap_read_folio_iter() /
iomap_readahead_iter() instaed of before? From what I see, it looks
like iomap_submit_read() would hold the iter state of the next
mapping. It seems like in iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(), the
iter->iomap.flags would be the next extent's flags instead of the one
that needs to be submitted?

Thanks,
Joanne

Re: [PATCH 1/2] iomap: consolidate bio submission

[Namjae Jeon]

On Tue, Jun 23, 2026 at 10:52 PM Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> wrote:
>
> Add a iomap_bio_submit_read_endio helper factored out of
> iomap_bio_submit_read to that all ->submit_read implementations for
> iomap_read_ops that use iomap_bio_read_folio_range can shared the
> logic.
>
> Right now that logic is mostly trivial, but already has a bug for XFS
> because the XFS version is too trivial:  file system integrity validation
> needs a workqueue context and thus can't happen from the default iomap
> bi_end_io I/O handler.  Unfortunately the iomap refactoring just before
> fs integrity landed moved code around here and the call go misplaced,
> meaning it never got called.  The PI information still is verified by
> the block layer, but the offloading is less efficient (and the future
> userspace interface can't get at it).
>
> Fixes: 0b10a370529c ("iomap: support T10 protection information")
> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
for ntfs, exfat part.
Acked-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@kernel.org>
Thanks!

Re: [PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[Namjae Jeon]

On Tue, Jun 23, 2026 at 10:52 PM Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> wrote:
>
> Currently the iomap buffered read path tries to build up read context
> (i.e. bios for the typical block based case) over multiple iomaps as
> long as the sector matches.  This does not take into account files
> that can map to multiple different devices.  While this could be fixed
> by a bdev check in iomap_bio_read_folio_range, the building up of I/O
> over iomaps actually was a problem for the not yet merged ext2 iomap
> port, as that does want to send out I/O at the end of an indirect
> block mapped range.
>
> So instead of adding more checks move over to a model where a bio only
> spans a single iomap.  Change ->submit_read to be called after each
> iteration, and pass a force argument to indicate that the bio must
> be submitted set on the last iteration.  Switch the bio based users
> to always submit, while keeping the single submit for fuse.
>
> Fixes: dfeab2e95a75 ("erofs: add multiple device support")
> Reported-by: Kelu Ye <yekelu1@huawei.com>
> Reported-by: Yifan Zhao <zhaoyifan28@huawei.com>
> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
for ntfs, exfat part.
Acked-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@kernel.org>
Thanks!

Re: [PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[Christoph Hellwig]

On Tue, Jun 23, 2026 at 10:29:54AM -0700, Joanne Koong wrote:
> >  void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> > -               struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bio_end_io_t end_io)
> > +               struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force,
> 
> nit: might simplify things to drop the unused force arg

I guess this is not directly used as a method, so we could.

> >
> > -       while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iter, ops)) > 0)
> > +       while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iter, ops)) > 0) {
> > +               iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, false);
> >                 iter.status = iomap_read_folio_iter(&iter, ctx,
> >                                 &bytes_submitted);
> 
> should the submit_read happen after the iomap_read_folio_iter() /
> iomap_readahead_iter() instaed of before? From what I see, it looks
> like iomap_submit_read() would hold the iter state of the next
> mapping. It seems like in iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(), the
> iter->iomap.flags would be the next extent's flags instead of the one
> that needs to be submitted?

Yeah, the iter state would be wrong here if anyone actually used it.
But the only thing we actually ever use from it is the inode in XFS.

So I'm tempted to instead just adopt the signature to not pass the
iter, as nothing should rely on it.  The only interesting thing I could
think of for the future would be to pass on private data, but that's
probably better left for when we actually need it.

Re: [PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[zhaoyifan (H)]

The issue where EROFS could merge bios across devices when using iomap 
API no longer exists.

Tested-by: Yifan Zhao <zhaoyifan28@huawei.com>

On 2026/6/23 21:51, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> Currently the iomap buffered read path tries to build up read context
> (i.e. bios for the typical block based case) over multiple iomaps as
> long as the sector matches.  This does not take into account files
> that can map to multiple different devices.  While this could be fixed
> by a bdev check in iomap_bio_read_folio_range, the building up of I/O
> over iomaps actually was a problem for the not yet merged ext2 iomap
> port, as that does want to send out I/O at the end of an indirect
> block mapped range.
>
> So instead of adding more checks move over to a model where a bio only
> spans a single iomap.  Change ->submit_read to be called after each
> iteration, and pass a force argument to indicate that the bio must
> be submitted set on the last iteration.  Switch the bio based users
> to always submit, while keeping the single submit for fuse.
>
> Fixes: dfeab2e95a75 ("erofs: add multiple device support")
> Reported-by: Kelu Ye <yekelu1@huawei.com>
> Reported-by: Yifan Zhao <zhaoyifan28@huawei.com>
> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> ---
>   fs/exfat/iomap.c       |  4 ++--
>   fs/fuse/file.c         |  6 +++++-
>   fs/iomap/bio.c         | 11 +++++++----
>   fs/iomap/buffered-io.c | 23 +++++++++++++++--------
>   fs/ntfs/aops.c         |  4 ++--
>   fs/ntfs3/inode.c       |  4 ++--
>   fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c      |  5 +++--
>   include/linux/iomap.h  |  5 +++--
>   8 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/fs/exfat/iomap.c b/fs/exfat/iomap.c
> index 190fc6471f84..58e25c4e8587 100644
> --- a/fs/exfat/iomap.c
> +++ b/fs/exfat/iomap.c
> @@ -251,9 +251,9 @@ static void exfat_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
>   }
>   
>   static void exfat_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
>   {
> -	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, exfat_iomap_read_end_io);
> +	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, force, exfat_iomap_read_end_io);
>   }
>   
>   const struct iomap_read_ops exfat_iomap_bio_read_ops = {
> diff --git a/fs/fuse/file.c b/fs/fuse/file.c
> index e052a0d44dee..6fa3b1f55c95 100644
> --- a/fs/fuse/file.c
> +++ b/fs/fuse/file.c
> @@ -982,13 +982,17 @@ static int fuse_iomap_read_folio_range_async(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
>   }
>   
>   static void fuse_iomap_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
>   {
>   	struct fuse_fill_read_data *data = ctx->read_ctx;
>   
> +	if (!force)
> +		return;
> +
>   	if (data->ia)
>   		fuse_send_readpages(data->ia, data->file, data->nr_bytes,
>   				    data->fc->async_read);
> +	ctx->read_ctx = NULL;
>   }
>   
>   static const struct iomap_read_ops fuse_iomap_read_ops = {
> diff --git a/fs/iomap/bio.c b/fs/iomap/bio.c
> index 0f31e35567b4..f71aaaf60301 100644
> --- a/fs/iomap/bio.c
> +++ b/fs/iomap/bio.c
> @@ -79,7 +79,8 @@ u32 iomap_finish_ioend_buffered_read(struct iomap_ioend *ioend)
>   }
>   
>   void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bio_end_io_t end_io)
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force,
> +		bio_end_io_t end_io)
>   {
>   	struct bio *bio = ctx->read_ctx;
>   
> @@ -87,13 +88,15 @@ void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
>   	if (iter->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_INTEGRITY)
>   		fs_bio_integrity_alloc(bio);
>   	submit_bio(bio);
> +
> +	ctx->read_ctx = NULL;
>   }
>   EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_bio_submit_read_endio);
>   
>   static void iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
>   {
> -	return iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, iomap_read_end_io);
> +	return iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, force, iomap_read_end_io);
>   }
>   
>   static struct bio_set *iomap_read_bio_set(struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
> @@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ static void iomap_read_alloc_bio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
>   
>   	/* Submit the existing range if there was one. */
>   	if (ctx->read_ctx)
> -		ctx->ops->submit_read(iter, ctx);
> +		ctx->ops->submit_read(iter, ctx, true);
>   
>   	/* Same as readahead_gfp_mask: */
>   	if (ctx->rac)
> diff --git a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
> index 8d4806dc46d4..06a216d37548 100644
> --- a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
> +++ b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
> @@ -524,6 +524,13 @@ static void iomap_read_end(struct folio *folio, size_t bytes_submitted)
>   	}
>   }
>   
> +static void iomap_submit_read(struct iomap_iter *iter,
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
> +{
> +	if (ctx->read_ctx && ctx->ops->submit_read)
> +		ctx->ops->submit_read(iter, ctx, force);
> +}
> +
>   static int iomap_read_folio_iter(struct iomap_iter *iter,
>   		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, size_t *bytes_submitted)
>   {
> @@ -642,12 +649,12 @@ void iomap_read_folio(const struct iomap_ops *ops,
>   		fsverity_readahead(ctx->vi, folio->index,
>   				   folio_nr_pages(folio));
>   
> -	while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iter, ops)) > 0)
> +	while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iter, ops)) > 0) {
> +		iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, false);
>   		iter.status = iomap_read_folio_iter(&iter, ctx,
>   				&bytes_submitted);
> -
> -	if (ctx->read_ctx && ctx->ops->submit_read)
> -		ctx->ops->submit_read(&iter, ctx);
> +	}
> +	iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, true);
>   
>   	if (ctx->cur_folio)
>   		iomap_read_end(ctx->cur_folio, bytes_submitted);
> @@ -718,12 +725,12 @@ void iomap_readahead(const struct iomap_ops *ops,
>   		fsverity_readahead(ctx->vi, readahead_index(rac),
>   				readahead_count(rac));
>   
> -	while (iomap_iter(&iter, ops) > 0)
> +	while (iomap_iter(&iter, ops) > 0) {
> +		iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, false);
>   		iter.status = iomap_readahead_iter(&iter, ctx,
>   					&cur_bytes_submitted);
> -
> -	if (ctx->read_ctx && ctx->ops->submit_read)
> -		ctx->ops->submit_read(&iter, ctx);
> +	}
> +	iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, true);
>   
>   	if (ctx->cur_folio)
>   		iomap_read_end(ctx->cur_folio, cur_bytes_submitted);
> diff --git a/fs/ntfs/aops.c b/fs/ntfs/aops.c
> index f2bb56506046..c32ecc28cb52 100644
> --- a/fs/ntfs/aops.c
> +++ b/fs/ntfs/aops.c
> @@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ static void ntfs_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
>   }
>   
>   static void ntfs_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
>   {
> -	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
> +	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, force, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
>   }
>   
>   static const struct iomap_read_ops ntfs_iomap_bio_read_ops = {
> diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/inode.c b/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
> index f9600aba1548..110c9b8208e1 100644
> --- a/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
> +++ b/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
> @@ -607,9 +607,9 @@ static void ntfs_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
>   }
>   
>   static void ntfs_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
>   {
> -	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
> +	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, force, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
>   }
>   
>   static const struct iomap_read_ops ntfs_iomap_bio_read_ops = {
> diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
> index 51293b6f331f..42ebb2265408 100644
> --- a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
> +++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
> @@ -758,13 +758,14 @@ xfs_vm_bmap(
>   static void
>   xfs_bio_submit_read(
>   	const struct iomap_iter		*iter,
> -	struct iomap_read_folio_ctx	*ctx)
> +	struct iomap_read_folio_ctx	*ctx,
> +	bool				force)
>   {
>   	struct bio			*bio = ctx->read_ctx;
>   
>   	/* defer read completions to the ioend workqueue */
>   	iomap_init_ioend(iter->inode, bio, ctx->read_ctx_file_offset, 0);
> -	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, xfs_end_bio);
> +	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, force, xfs_end_bio);
>   }
>   
>   static const struct iomap_read_ops xfs_iomap_read_ops = {
> diff --git a/include/linux/iomap.h b/include/linux/iomap.h
> index 56b43d594e6e..266844b62372 100644
> --- a/include/linux/iomap.h
> +++ b/include/linux/iomap.h
> @@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ struct iomap_read_ops {
>   	 * This is optional.
>   	 */
>   	void (*submit_read)(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -			struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx);
> +			struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force);
>   
>   	/*
>   	 * Optional, allows filesystem to specify own bio_set, so new bio's
> @@ -623,7 +623,8 @@ extern struct bio_set iomap_ioend_bioset;
>   int iomap_bio_read_folio_range(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
>   		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, size_t plen);
>   void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bio_end_io_t end_io);
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force,
> +		bio_end_io_t end_io);
>   
>   extern const struct iomap_read_ops iomap_bio_read_ops;
>   

[PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[Christoph Hellwig]

Currently the iomap buffered read path tries to build up read context
(i.e. bios for the typical block based case) over multiple iomaps as
long as the sector matches.  This does not take into account files
that can map to multiple different devices.  While this could be fixed
by a bdev check in iomap_bio_read_folio_range, the building up of I/O
over iomaps actually was a problem for the not yet merged ext2 iomap
port, as that does want to send out I/O at the end of an indirect
block mapped range.

So instead of adding more checks move over to a model where a bio only
spans a single iomap.  Change ->submit_read to be called after each
iteration, and pass a force argument to indicate that the bio must
be submitted set on the last iteration.  Switch the bio based users
to always submit, while keeping the single submit for fuse.

Fixes: dfeab2e95a75 ("erofs: add multiple device support")
Reported-by: Kelu Ye <yekelu1@huawei.com>
Reported-by: Yifan Zhao <zhaoyifan28@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Yifan Zhao <zhaoyifan28@huawei.com>
---
 fs/exfat/iomap.c       |  2 +-
 fs/fuse/file.c         |  6 +++++-
 fs/iomap/bio.c         |  6 ++++--
 fs/iomap/buffered-io.c | 21 +++++++++++++--------
 fs/ntfs/aops.c         |  2 +-
 fs/ntfs3/inode.c       |  2 +-
 fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c      |  3 ++-
 include/linux/iomap.h  |  2 +-
 8 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/exfat/iomap.c b/fs/exfat/iomap.c
index 190fc6471f84..c428a949120e 100644
--- a/fs/exfat/iomap.c
+++ b/fs/exfat/iomap.c
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ static void exfat_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
 }
 
 static void exfat_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
 {
 	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, exfat_iomap_read_end_io);
 }
diff --git a/fs/fuse/file.c b/fs/fuse/file.c
index e052a0d44dee..6fa3b1f55c95 100644
--- a/fs/fuse/file.c
+++ b/fs/fuse/file.c
@@ -982,13 +982,17 @@ static int fuse_iomap_read_folio_range_async(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 }
 
 static void fuse_iomap_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
 {
 	struct fuse_fill_read_data *data = ctx->read_ctx;
 
+	if (!force)
+		return;
+
 	if (data->ia)
 		fuse_send_readpages(data->ia, data->file, data->nr_bytes,
 				    data->fc->async_read);
+	ctx->read_ctx = NULL;
 }
 
 static const struct iomap_read_ops fuse_iomap_read_ops = {
diff --git a/fs/iomap/bio.c b/fs/iomap/bio.c
index 0f31e35567b4..6aca1cd0622c 100644
--- a/fs/iomap/bio.c
+++ b/fs/iomap/bio.c
@@ -87,11 +87,13 @@ void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 	if (iter->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_INTEGRITY)
 		fs_bio_integrity_alloc(bio);
 	submit_bio(bio);
+
+	ctx->read_ctx = NULL;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_bio_submit_read_endio);
 
 static void iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
 {
 	return iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, iomap_read_end_io);
 }
@@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ static void iomap_read_alloc_bio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 
 	/* Submit the existing range if there was one. */
 	if (ctx->read_ctx)
-		ctx->ops->submit_read(iter, ctx);
+		ctx->ops->submit_read(iter, ctx, true);
 
 	/* Same as readahead_gfp_mask: */
 	if (ctx->rac)
diff --git a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
index 8d4806dc46d4..b1c3da8a97dc 100644
--- a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
+++ b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
@@ -524,6 +524,13 @@ static void iomap_read_end(struct folio *folio, size_t bytes_submitted)
 	}
 }
 
+static void iomap_submit_read(struct iomap_iter *iter,
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
+{
+	if (ctx->read_ctx && ctx->ops->submit_read)
+		ctx->ops->submit_read(iter, ctx, force);
+}
+
 static int iomap_read_folio_iter(struct iomap_iter *iter,
 		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, size_t *bytes_submitted)
 {
@@ -642,12 +649,11 @@ void iomap_read_folio(const struct iomap_ops *ops,
 		fsverity_readahead(ctx->vi, folio->index,
 				   folio_nr_pages(folio));
 
-	while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iter, ops)) > 0)
+	while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iter, ops)) > 0) {
 		iter.status = iomap_read_folio_iter(&iter, ctx,
 				&bytes_submitted);
-
-	if (ctx->read_ctx && ctx->ops->submit_read)
-		ctx->ops->submit_read(&iter, ctx);
+		iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, !iter.iomap.length);
+	}
 
 	if (ctx->cur_folio)
 		iomap_read_end(ctx->cur_folio, bytes_submitted);
@@ -718,12 +724,11 @@ void iomap_readahead(const struct iomap_ops *ops,
 		fsverity_readahead(ctx->vi, readahead_index(rac),
 				readahead_count(rac));
 
-	while (iomap_iter(&iter, ops) > 0)
+	while (iomap_iter(&iter, ops) > 0) {
 		iter.status = iomap_readahead_iter(&iter, ctx,
 					&cur_bytes_submitted);
-
-	if (ctx->read_ctx && ctx->ops->submit_read)
-		ctx->ops->submit_read(&iter, ctx);
+		iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, !iter.iomap.length);
+	}
 
 	if (ctx->cur_folio)
 		iomap_read_end(ctx->cur_folio, cur_bytes_submitted);
diff --git a/fs/ntfs/aops.c b/fs/ntfs/aops.c
index f2bb56506046..f7bd55275d8c 100644
--- a/fs/ntfs/aops.c
+++ b/fs/ntfs/aops.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static void ntfs_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
 }
 
 static void ntfs_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
 {
 	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
 }
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/inode.c b/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
index f9600aba1548..cd05faebb806 100644
--- a/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ static void ntfs_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
 }
 
 static void ntfs_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
 {
 	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
 }
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
index 51293b6f331f..1b9a55e2f4a7 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
@@ -758,7 +758,8 @@ xfs_vm_bmap(
 static void
 xfs_bio_submit_read(
 	const struct iomap_iter		*iter,
-	struct iomap_read_folio_ctx	*ctx)
+	struct iomap_read_folio_ctx	*ctx,
+	bool				force)
 {
 	struct bio			*bio = ctx->read_ctx;
 
diff --git a/include/linux/iomap.h b/include/linux/iomap.h
index 56b43d594e6e..4d8893b02aaf 100644
--- a/include/linux/iomap.h
+++ b/include/linux/iomap.h
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ struct iomap_read_ops {
 	 * This is optional.
 	 */
 	void (*submit_read)(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-			struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx);
+			struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force);
 
 	/*
 	 * Optional, allows filesystem to specify own bio_set, so new bio's
-- 
2.53.0

Re: [PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[Darrick J. Wong]

On Thu, Jun 25, 2026 at 02:07:57PM +0200, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> Currently the iomap buffered read path tries to build up read context
> (i.e. bios for the typical block based case) over multiple iomaps as
> long as the sector matches.  This does not take into account files
> that can map to multiple different devices.  While this could be fixed
> by a bdev check in iomap_bio_read_folio_range, the building up of I/O
> over iomaps actually was a problem for the not yet merged ext2 iomap
> port, as that does want to send out I/O at the end of an indirect
> block mapped range.

This really puts the onus on block-mapped filesystems (e.g. ext2) to
merge adjacent maps into extents.  Granted they *probably* already have
been doing that.

> So instead of adding more checks move over to a model where a bio only
> spans a single iomap.  Change ->submit_read to be called after each
> iteration, and pass a force argument to indicate that the bio must
> be submitted set on the last iteration.  Switch the bio based users
> to always submit, while keeping the single submit for fuse.

Is fuse the sole reason for the "force" parameter to exist?  I wonder if
fuse could drop its submit_read function and call fuse_send_readpages
after the iomap_read{ahead,folio} function returns?

--D

> Fixes: dfeab2e95a75 ("erofs: add multiple device support")
> Reported-by: Kelu Ye <yekelu1@huawei.com>
> Reported-by: Yifan Zhao <zhaoyifan28@huawei.com>
> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> Tested-by: Yifan Zhao <zhaoyifan28@huawei.com>
> ---
>  fs/exfat/iomap.c       |  2 +-
>  fs/fuse/file.c         |  6 +++++-
>  fs/iomap/bio.c         |  6 ++++--
>  fs/iomap/buffered-io.c | 21 +++++++++++++--------
>  fs/ntfs/aops.c         |  2 +-
>  fs/ntfs3/inode.c       |  2 +-
>  fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c      |  3 ++-
>  include/linux/iomap.h  |  2 +-
>  8 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/fs/exfat/iomap.c b/fs/exfat/iomap.c
> index 190fc6471f84..c428a949120e 100644
> --- a/fs/exfat/iomap.c
> +++ b/fs/exfat/iomap.c
> @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ static void exfat_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
>  }
>  
>  static void exfat_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
>  {
>  	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, exfat_iomap_read_end_io);
>  }
> diff --git a/fs/fuse/file.c b/fs/fuse/file.c
> index e052a0d44dee..6fa3b1f55c95 100644
> --- a/fs/fuse/file.c
> +++ b/fs/fuse/file.c
> @@ -982,13 +982,17 @@ static int fuse_iomap_read_folio_range_async(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
>  }
>  
>  static void fuse_iomap_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
>  {
>  	struct fuse_fill_read_data *data = ctx->read_ctx;
>  
> +	if (!force)
> +		return;
> +
>  	if (data->ia)
>  		fuse_send_readpages(data->ia, data->file, data->nr_bytes,
>  				    data->fc->async_read);
> +	ctx->read_ctx = NULL;
>  }
>  
>  static const struct iomap_read_ops fuse_iomap_read_ops = {
> diff --git a/fs/iomap/bio.c b/fs/iomap/bio.c
> index 0f31e35567b4..6aca1cd0622c 100644
> --- a/fs/iomap/bio.c
> +++ b/fs/iomap/bio.c
> @@ -87,11 +87,13 @@ void iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
>  	if (iter->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_INTEGRITY)
>  		fs_bio_integrity_alloc(bio);
>  	submit_bio(bio);
> +
> +	ctx->read_ctx = NULL;
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_bio_submit_read_endio);
>  
>  static void iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
>  {
>  	return iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, iomap_read_end_io);
>  }
> @@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ static void iomap_read_alloc_bio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
>  
>  	/* Submit the existing range if there was one. */
>  	if (ctx->read_ctx)
> -		ctx->ops->submit_read(iter, ctx);
> +		ctx->ops->submit_read(iter, ctx, true);
>  
>  	/* Same as readahead_gfp_mask: */
>  	if (ctx->rac)
> diff --git a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
> index 8d4806dc46d4..b1c3da8a97dc 100644
> --- a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
> +++ b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
> @@ -524,6 +524,13 @@ static void iomap_read_end(struct folio *folio, size_t bytes_submitted)
>  	}
>  }
>  
> +static void iomap_submit_read(struct iomap_iter *iter,
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
> +{
> +	if (ctx->read_ctx && ctx->ops->submit_read)
> +		ctx->ops->submit_read(iter, ctx, force);
> +}
> +
>  static int iomap_read_folio_iter(struct iomap_iter *iter,
>  		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, size_t *bytes_submitted)
>  {
> @@ -642,12 +649,11 @@ void iomap_read_folio(const struct iomap_ops *ops,
>  		fsverity_readahead(ctx->vi, folio->index,
>  				   folio_nr_pages(folio));
>  
> -	while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iter, ops)) > 0)
> +	while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iter, ops)) > 0) {
>  		iter.status = iomap_read_folio_iter(&iter, ctx,
>  				&bytes_submitted);
> -
> -	if (ctx->read_ctx && ctx->ops->submit_read)
> -		ctx->ops->submit_read(&iter, ctx);
> +		iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, !iter.iomap.length);
> +	}
>  
>  	if (ctx->cur_folio)
>  		iomap_read_end(ctx->cur_folio, bytes_submitted);
> @@ -718,12 +724,11 @@ void iomap_readahead(const struct iomap_ops *ops,
>  		fsverity_readahead(ctx->vi, readahead_index(rac),
>  				readahead_count(rac));
>  
> -	while (iomap_iter(&iter, ops) > 0)
> +	while (iomap_iter(&iter, ops) > 0) {
>  		iter.status = iomap_readahead_iter(&iter, ctx,
>  					&cur_bytes_submitted);
> -
> -	if (ctx->read_ctx && ctx->ops->submit_read)
> -		ctx->ops->submit_read(&iter, ctx);
> +		iomap_submit_read(&iter, ctx, !iter.iomap.length);
> +	}
>  
>  	if (ctx->cur_folio)
>  		iomap_read_end(ctx->cur_folio, cur_bytes_submitted);
> diff --git a/fs/ntfs/aops.c b/fs/ntfs/aops.c
> index f2bb56506046..f7bd55275d8c 100644
> --- a/fs/ntfs/aops.c
> +++ b/fs/ntfs/aops.c
> @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static void ntfs_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
>  }
>  
>  static void ntfs_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
>  {
>  	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
>  }
> diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/inode.c b/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
> index f9600aba1548..cd05faebb806 100644
> --- a/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
> +++ b/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
> @@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ static void ntfs_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
>  }
>  
>  static void ntfs_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
> +		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force)
>  {
>  	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
>  }
> diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
> index 51293b6f331f..1b9a55e2f4a7 100644
> --- a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
> +++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
> @@ -758,7 +758,8 @@ xfs_vm_bmap(
>  static void
>  xfs_bio_submit_read(
>  	const struct iomap_iter		*iter,
> -	struct iomap_read_folio_ctx	*ctx)
> +	struct iomap_read_folio_ctx	*ctx,
> +	bool				force)
>  {
>  	struct bio			*bio = ctx->read_ctx;
>  
> diff --git a/include/linux/iomap.h b/include/linux/iomap.h
> index 56b43d594e6e..4d8893b02aaf 100644
> --- a/include/linux/iomap.h
> +++ b/include/linux/iomap.h
> @@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ struct iomap_read_ops {
>  	 * This is optional.
>  	 */
>  	void (*submit_read)(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
> -			struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx);
> +			struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx, bool force);
>  
>  	/*
>  	 * Optional, allows filesystem to specify own bio_set, so new bio's
> -- 
> 2.53.0
> 
> 

Re: [PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[Joanne Koong]

On Thu, Jun 25, 2026 at 10:47 AM Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> wrote:
>
> On Thu, Jun 25, 2026 at 02:07:57PM +0200, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
>
> > So instead of adding more checks move over to a model where a bio only
> > spans a single iomap.  Change ->submit_read to be called after each
> > iteration, and pass a force argument to indicate that the bio must
> > be submitted set on the last iteration.  Switch the bio based users
> > to always submit, while keeping the single submit for fuse.
>
> Is fuse the sole reason for the "force" parameter to exist?  I wonder if
> fuse could drop its submit_read function and call fuse_send_readpages
> after the iomap_read{ahead,folio} function returns?
>

Yes, that works. I think that's a good idea. fuse only needs
submit_read logic for readahead. The change would just be:

--- a/fs/fuse/file.c
+++ b/fs/fuse/file.c
@@ -953,19 +953,8 @@ static int
fuse_iomap_read_folio_range_async(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
        return ret;
 }

-static void fuse_iomap_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
-               struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       struct fuse_fill_read_data *data = ctx->read_ctx;
-
-       if (data->ia)
-               fuse_send_readpages(data->ia, data->file, data->nr_bytes,
-                                   data->fc->async_read);
-}
-
 static const struct iomap_read_ops fuse_iomap_read_ops = {
        .read_folio_range = fuse_iomap_read_folio_range_async,
-       .submit_read = fuse_iomap_submit_read,
 };

 static int fuse_read_folio(struct file *file, struct folio *folio)
@@ -1089,6 +1078,9 @@ static void fuse_readahead(struct readahead_control *rac)
                return;

        iomap_readahead(&fuse_iomap_ops, &ctx, NULL);
+       if (data.ia)
+               fuse_send_readpages(data.ia, data.file, data.nr_bytes,
+                                   fc->async_read);
 }


If this fix needs to go into 7.2 though, maybe it makes sense to land
the v1 implementation [1] + the xfs integrity fix now and do the fuse
change later?

Thanks,
Joanne

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-fsdevel/20260619050105.439956-2-hch@lst.de/

Re: [PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[Christoph Hellwig]

On Thu, Jun 25, 2026 at 10:47:58AM -0700, Darrick J. Wong wrote:
> On Thu, Jun 25, 2026 at 02:07:57PM +0200, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> > Currently the iomap buffered read path tries to build up read context
> > (i.e. bios for the typical block based case) over multiple iomaps as
> > long as the sector matches.  This does not take into account files
> > that can map to multiple different devices.  While this could be fixed
> > by a bdev check in iomap_bio_read_folio_range, the building up of I/O
> > over iomaps actually was a problem for the not yet merged ext2 iomap
> > port, as that does want to send out I/O at the end of an indirect
> > block mapped range.
> 
> This really puts the onus on block-mapped filesystems (e.g. ext2) to
> merge adjacent maps into extents.  Granted they *probably* already have
> been doing that.

Yes.  In fact the ext2 conversion was the first ask for this change,
because they do not want unlimited merging but kick off I/O at the
indirect block boundary.

> > So instead of adding more checks move over to a model where a bio only
> > spans a single iomap.  Change ->submit_read to be called after each
> > iteration, and pass a force argument to indicate that the bio must
> > be submitted set on the last iteration.  Switch the bio based users
> > to always submit, while keeping the single submit for fuse.
> 
> Is fuse the sole reason for the "force" parameter to exist?  I wonder if
> fuse could drop its submit_read function and call fuse_send_readpages
> after the iomap_read{ahead,folio} function returns?

Probably..

Re: [PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[Christoph Hellwig]

On Thu, Jun 25, 2026 at 11:32:40AM -0700, Joanne Koong wrote:
> Yes, that works. I think that's a good idea. fuse only needs
> submit_read logic for readahead. The change would just be:

A nice, I'll fold that in.

> If this fix needs to go into 7.2 though, maybe it makes sense to land
> the v1 implementation [1] + the xfs integrity fix now and do the fuse
> change later?

In a way this is actually simpler as it doesn't require the prototype
change.  And it'll avoid both a temporary fuse performance regression
and a bit of churn.

Re: [PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[Christoph Hellwig]

On Fri, Jun 26, 2026 at 06:33:19AM +0200, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> On Thu, Jun 25, 2026 at 11:32:40AM -0700, Joanne Koong wrote:
> > Yes, that works. I think that's a good idea. fuse only needs
> > submit_read logic for readahead. The change would just be:
> 
> A nice, I'll fold that in.

Btw, can I get a signoff from you for this?  It looks like splitting
this into a separate patch actually works better.  If you have a
preferred commit log I'd take that as well instead of mine.

This is what I'm currently testing:

https://git.infradead.org/?p=users/hch/misc.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/iomap-read-submit-bio

Re: [PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[Darrick J. Wong]

On Fri, Jun 26, 2026 at 08:16:37AM +0200, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> On Fri, Jun 26, 2026 at 06:33:19AM +0200, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> > On Thu, Jun 25, 2026 at 11:32:40AM -0700, Joanne Koong wrote:
> > > Yes, that works. I think that's a good idea. fuse only needs
> > > submit_read logic for readahead. The change would just be:
> > 
> > A nice, I'll fold that in.
> 
> Btw, can I get a signoff from you for this?  It looks like splitting
> this into a separate patch actually works better.  If you have a
> preferred commit log I'd take that as well instead of mine.
> 
> This is what I'm currently testing:
> 
> https://git.infradead.org/?p=users/hch/misc.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/iomap-read-submit-bio

For both of the patches at the end of the branch,
Reviewed-by: "Darrick J. Wong" <djwong@kernel.org>

--D

Re: [PATCH 2/2] iomap: submit read bio after each extent

[Joanne Koong]

On Thu, Jun 25, 2026 at 11:16 PM Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> wrote:
>
> On Fri, Jun 26, 2026 at 06:33:19AM +0200, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
> > On Thu, Jun 25, 2026 at 11:32:40AM -0700, Joanne Koong wrote:
> > > Yes, that works. I think that's a good idea. fuse only needs
> > > submit_read logic for readahead. The change would just be:
> >
> > A nice, I'll fold that in.
>
> Btw, can I get a signoff from you for this?  It looks like splitting
> this into a separate patch actually works better.  If you have a
> preferred commit log I'd take that as well instead of mine.
>
> This is what I'm currently testing:
>
> https://git.infradead.org/?p=users/hch/misc.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/iomap-read-submit-bio

The submit_read logic is only needed for readahead. We can remove the

+       if (data.ia)
+               fuse_send_readpages(data.ia, data.file, data.nr_bytes,
+                                   data.fc->async_read);

change to fuse_read_folio().

Signed-off-by: Joanne Koong <joannelkoong@gmail.com>

Thanks,
Joanne