[PATCH v4 0/2] PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO: add support for seccomp syscall skipping

[PATCH v4 0/2] PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO: add support for seccomp syscall skipping

[Renzo Davoli]

PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO is a generic ptrace API that complements
PTRACE_GET_SYSCALL_INFO by allowing a tracer to modify details of a
system call in which the tracee is currently blocked.

The API is designed to let tracers inspect and modify system call
information in a simple, architecture-agnostic manner.

The current implementation only supports modifying the subset of
system call information needed by strace: the system call number,
arguments, and return value.

This patch set extends PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO with support for
skipping a system call.

When a seccomp filter returns SECCOMP_RET_TRACE, the tracer receives,
via PTRACE_GET_SYSCALL_INFO, a struct ptrace_syscall_info with
op == PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_SECCOMP.

The tracer can skip the system call by setting the system call number
to -1. However, the current PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO interface does not
provide a way to specify the return value or error code that should be
reported to the tracee after skipping the call.

This patchset extends PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO to support skipping a system call
triggered via seccomp.

When a tracer retrieves a ptrace_syscall_info structure with 'op' set to
PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_SECCOMP, it can now choose to skip the system call.  To do
this, the tracer changes 'op' to PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_EXIT and populates the
exit union fields (rval and is_error) to define the return value and error
status for the tracee.

System call suppression for PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is currently omitted
because its implementation is architecture-dependent. On some architectures,
the system call number and return value share the same register, making it
difficult to suppress a system call without altering the return value. A
portable implementation would require an audit of all supported architectures.

This patchset is a new version of the proposed patchset entitled:
ptrace_set_syscall_info: add support for seccomp syscall skipping and
instruction pointer modification
The patchset has been split in two:
syscall skipping(this)
instruction pointer modification (it will be updated soon)

Changes in v4:
* Reworded the commit messages for clarity.
* Renamed the local variable child_op to op in ptrace_set_syscall_info()
* Clean up and improve the coding style of selftests/ptrace/set_syscall_info.c
  (suggested by Dmitry V. Levin)

Changes in v3:
* restrict the syscall skipping feature to PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_SECCOMP

Changes in v2:
bugfix: _NONE -> _EXIT transition was erroneously permitted

Changes since the previous patchset v2:
* bugfix: skip_syscall init value
* fix comments

Changes in (previous patchset) v2:
* use PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_EXIT instead of a new tag
* fixed most of the comments from sashiko.dev

Renzo Davoli (2):
  ptrace: add PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO syscall skipping support
  selftests/ptrace: add a test case for PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO syscall
    skipping

 kernel/ptrace.c                               |  27 ++-
 .../selftests/ptrace/set_syscall_info.c       | 175 +++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 196 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v4 1/2] ptrace: add PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO syscall skipping support

[Renzo Davoli]

Extend PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO to support skipping a system call triggered
via seccomp.

When a tracer retrieves a ptrace_syscall_info structure with 'op' set to
PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_SECCOMP, it can now choose to skip the system call.
To do this, the tracer changes 'op' to PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_EXIT and
populates the exit union fields (rval and is_error) to define the return
value and error status for the tracee.

System call suppression for PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is currently omitted
because its implementation is architecture-dependent. On some architectures,
the system call number and return value share the same register, making it
difficult to suppress a system call without altering the return value. A
portable implementation would require an audit of all supported architectures.

Signed-off-by: Renzo Davoli <renzo@cs.unibo.it>
---
 kernel/ptrace.c | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/ptrace.c b/kernel/ptrace.c
index d041645d9d17..e6caab856bc1 100644
--- a/kernel/ptrace.c
+++ b/kernel/ptrace.c
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ ptrace_set_syscall_info_seccomp(struct task_struct *child, struct pt_regs *regs,
 
 static int
 ptrace_set_syscall_info_exit(struct task_struct *child, struct pt_regs *regs,
-			     struct ptrace_syscall_info *info)
+			     struct ptrace_syscall_info *info, bool skip_syscall)
 {
 	long rval = info->exit.rval;
 
@@ -1111,6 +1111,9 @@ ptrace_set_syscall_info_exit(struct task_struct *child, struct pt_regs *regs,
 	if (rval != info->exit.rval)
 		return -ERANGE;
 
+	if (skip_syscall)
+		syscall_set_nr(child, regs, -1);
+
 	if (info->exit.is_error)
 		syscall_set_return_value(child, regs, rval, 0);
 	else
@@ -1125,6 +1128,8 @@ ptrace_set_syscall_info(struct task_struct *child, unsigned long user_size,
 {
 	struct pt_regs *regs = task_pt_regs(child);
 	struct ptrace_syscall_info info;
+	int op;
+	bool skip_syscall = false;
 
 	if (user_size < sizeof(info))
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -1141,15 +1146,27 @@ ptrace_set_syscall_info(struct task_struct *child, unsigned long user_size,
 	if (info.flags || info.reserved)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	/* Changing the type of the system call stop is not supported yet. */
-	if (ptrace_get_syscall_info_op(child) != info.op)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	/*
+	 * Changing the type of the system call stop is not allowed, with the
+	 * following exception:
+	 * PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_SECCOMP can be changed to PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_EXIT
+	 * to skip the system call
+	 */
+
+	op = ptrace_get_syscall_info_op(child);
+	if (op != info.op) {
+		if (info.op == PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_EXIT &&
+				 op == PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_SECCOMP)
+			skip_syscall = true;
+		else
+			return -EINVAL;
+	}
 
 	switch (info.op) {
 	case PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY:
 		return ptrace_set_syscall_info_entry(child, regs, &info);
 	case PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_EXIT:
-		return ptrace_set_syscall_info_exit(child, regs, &info);
+		return ptrace_set_syscall_info_exit(child, regs, &info, skip_syscall);
 	case PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_SECCOMP:
 		return ptrace_set_syscall_info_seccomp(child, regs, &info);
 	default:
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH v4 2/2] selftests/ptrace: add a test case for PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO syscall skipping

[Renzo Davoli]

Check whether PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO syscall skipping semantics implemented in the
kernel matches userspace expectations.

Signed-off-by: Renzo Davoli <renzo@cs.unibo.it>
---
 .../selftests/ptrace/set_syscall_info.c       | 175 +++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 174 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/set_syscall_info.c b/tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/set_syscall_info.c
index 1cc411a41cd6..9603a9cde69e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/set_syscall_info.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/set_syscall_info.c
@@ -11,9 +11,15 @@
 #include <err.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <signal.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <asm/unistd.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
+#include <linux/filter.h>
+#include <linux/seccomp.h>
+#include <linux/prctl.h>
 
 #if defined(_MIPS_SIM) && _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
 /*
@@ -36,6 +42,7 @@ struct si_exit {
 
 static unsigned int ptrace_stop;
 static pid_t tracee_pid;
+static pid_t tracer_pid;
 
 static int
 kill_tracee(pid_t pid)
@@ -64,6 +71,25 @@ sys_ptrace(int request, pid_t pid, unsigned long addr, unsigned long data)
 		       ptrace_stop, ##__VA_ARGS__);		\
 	} while (0)
 
+static int sys_seccomp(unsigned int operation, unsigned int flags, void *args)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_seccomp, operation, flags, args);
+}
+
+static struct sock_filter seccomp_filter[] = {
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr)),
+
+	BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, __NR_restart_syscall, 0, 1),
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
+
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_TRACE),
+};
+
+static struct sock_fprog seccomp_prog = {
+	.filter = seccomp_filter,
+	.len = ARRAY_SIZE(seccomp_filter)
+};
+
 static void
 check_psi_entry(struct __test_metadata *_metadata,
 		const struct ptrace_syscall_info *info,
@@ -128,7 +154,6 @@ check_psi_exit(struct __test_metadata *_metadata,
 
 TEST(set_syscall_info)
 {
-	const pid_t tracer_pid = getpid();
 	const kernel_ulong_t dummy[] = {
 		(kernel_ulong_t) 0xdad0bef0bad0fed0ULL,
 		(kernel_ulong_t) 0xdad1bef1bad1fed1ULL,
@@ -138,6 +163,7 @@ TEST(set_syscall_info)
 		(kernel_ulong_t) 0xdad5bef5bad5fed5ULL,
 	};
 	int splice_in[2], splice_out[2];
+	tracer_pid = getpid();
 
 	ASSERT_EQ(0, pipe(splice_in));
 	ASSERT_EQ(0, pipe(splice_out));
@@ -516,4 +542,151 @@ TEST(set_syscall_info)
 	ASSERT_EQ(ptrace_stop, ARRAY_SIZE(si) * 2);
 }
 
+TEST(set_syscall_info_seccomp)
+{
+	tracer_pid = getpid();
+	tracee_pid = fork();
+
+	ASSERT_LE(0, tracee_pid) {
+		TH_LOG("fork: %m");
+	}
+
+	/* tracee */
+	if (tracee_pid == 0) {
+		tracee_pid = getpid();
+		ASSERT_EQ(0, sys_ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, 0, 0)) {
+			TH_LOG("PTRACE_TRACEME: %m");
+		}
+		ASSERT_EQ(0, kill(tracee_pid, SIGSTOP)) {
+			/* cannot happen */
+			TH_LOG("kill SIGSTOP: %m");
+		}
+
+		ASSERT_EQ(0, prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+			TH_LOG("prctl: %m");
+		}
+		ASSERT_EQ(0, sys_seccomp(SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER, 0,
+					(void *) &seccomp_prog)) {
+			TH_LOG("seccomp: %m");
+		}
+
+		/* run getpid unmodified */
+		ASSERT_EQ(tracee_pid, getpid()) {
+			TH_LOG("getpid seccomp unchanged: %m");
+		}
+
+		/* run getppid instead of getpid */
+		ASSERT_EQ(tracer_pid, getpid()) {
+			TH_LOG("getpid seccomp nr changes: %m");
+		}
+
+		/* skip getpid and return 42 */
+		ASSERT_EQ(42, getpid()) {
+			TH_LOG("getpid skip set return value changes: %m");
+		}
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	int status;
+
+	/* tracer */
+	ASSERT_LE(0, waitpid(-1, &status, 0)) {
+		LOG_KILL_TRACEE("waitpid: %m");
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, sys_ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, tracee_pid, 0,
+			(PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP | PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD)))
+		LOG_KILL_TRACEE("PTRACE_SETOPTIONS: %m");
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, sys_ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee_pid, 0, 0)) {
+		LOG_KILL_TRACEE("PTRACE_CONT: %m");
+	}
+
+	for (ptrace_stop = 0; ; ++ptrace_stop) {
+		ASSERT_EQ(tracee_pid, wait(&status)) {
+			/* cannot happen */
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("wait: %m");
+		}
+		if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+			tracee_pid = 0; /* the tracee is no more */
+			ASSERT_EQ(0, WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+				LOG_KILL_TRACEE("unexpected exit status %u",
+						WEXITSTATUS(status));
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		ASSERT_FALSE(WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
+			tracee_pid = 0; /* the tracee is no more */
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("unexpected signal %u",
+					WTERMSIG(status));
+		}
+		ASSERT_TRUE(WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("unexpected wait status %#x", status);
+		}
+
+		ASSERT_EQ(status >> 8, SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP << 8)) {
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("unexpected stop, wait status %#x", status);
+		}
+
+		struct ptrace_syscall_info info = {
+			.op = 0xff  /* invalid PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_* op */
+		};
+		size_t info_size = sizeof(info);
+
+		ASSERT_LT(0, sys_ptrace(PTRACE_GET_SYSCALL_INFO, tracee_pid, info_size, (uintptr_t) &info)) {
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("PTRACE_GET_SYSCALL_INFO: %m");
+		}
+		ASSERT_EQ(PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_SECCOMP, info.op) {
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("entry op mismatch: %m");
+		}
+		ASSERT_TRUE(info.arch) {
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("entry arch mismatch: %m");
+		}
+		ASSERT_TRUE(info.instruction_pointer) {
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("entry instruction_pointer mismatch: %m");
+		}
+		ASSERT_TRUE(info.stack_pointer) {
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("entry stack_pointer mismatch: %m");
+		}
+		ASSERT_LT(ptrace_stop, 4) {
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("ptrace stop overflow");
+		}
+
+		const unsigned int expected_nr[] = {
+			__NR_getpid,
+			__NR_getpid,
+			__NR_getpid,
+			__NR_exit_group
+		};
+
+		ASSERT_LT(ptrace_stop, ARRAY_SIZE(expected_nr)) {
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("ptrace stop overflow");
+		}
+		ASSERT_EQ(info.seccomp.nr, expected_nr[ptrace_stop]) {
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("syscall nr mismatch");
+		}
+		switch (ptrace_stop) {
+			case 0:
+			case 3:
+				break;
+			case 1:
+				info.seccomp.nr = __NR_getppid;
+				break;
+			case 2:
+				info.op = PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_EXIT;
+				info.exit.rval = 42;
+				info.exit.is_error = 0;
+				break;
+		}
+
+		ASSERT_EQ(0, sys_ptrace(PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO, tracee_pid, info_size, (uintptr_t) &info)) {
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO: %m");
+		}
+
+		ASSERT_EQ(0, sys_ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee_pid, 0, 0)) {
+			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("PTRACE_CONT: %m");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
-- 
2.53.0

Re: [PATCH v4 2/2] selftests/ptrace: add a test case for PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO syscall skipping

[Dmitry V. Levin]

On Wed, Jul 08, 2026 at 11:06:55AM +0200, Renzo Davoli wrote:
> Check whether PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO syscall skipping semantics implemented in the
> kernel matches userspace expectations.
[...]
> +		ASSERT_LT(ptrace_stop, 4) {
> +			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("ptrace stop overflow");
> +		}

This assertion is redundant given that ...

> +		const unsigned int expected_nr[] = {
> +			__NR_getpid,
> +			__NR_getpid,
> +			__NR_getpid,
> +			__NR_exit_group
> +		};
> +
> +		ASSERT_LT(ptrace_stop, ARRAY_SIZE(expected_nr)) {
> +			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("ptrace stop overflow");
> +		}

... there is a more reliable assertion here instead.

> +		ASSERT_EQ(info.seccomp.nr, expected_nr[ptrace_stop]) {
> +			LOG_KILL_TRACEE("syscall nr mismatch");
> +		}
> +		switch (ptrace_stop) {
> +			case 0:
> +			case 3:
> +				break;

These two cases don't really do anything, feel free to drop them if you
like, it's a matter of style preferences.


-- 
ldv

Re: [PATCH v4 1/2] ptrace: add PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO syscall skipping support

[Dmitry V. Levin]

On Wed, Jul 08, 2026 at 11:06:54AM +0200, Renzo Davoli wrote:
> Extend PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO to support skipping a system call triggered
> via seccomp.
> 
> When a tracer retrieves a ptrace_syscall_info structure with 'op' set to
> PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_SECCOMP, it can now choose to skip the system call.
> To do this, the tracer changes 'op' to PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_EXIT and
> populates the exit union fields (rval and is_error) to define the return
> value and error status for the tracee.
> 
> System call suppression for PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is currently omitted
> because its implementation is architecture-dependent. On some architectures,
> the system call number and return value share the same register, making it
> difficult to suppress a system call without altering the return value. A
> portable implementation would require an audit of all supported architectures.

I suggest the following wording for the explanation why
PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is not supported yet:

System call suppression via PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is currently not
implemented.  On some architectures (e.g. MIPS), when a system call
is skipped by setting the syscall number to -1 at the entry stop, the
architecture entry path unconditionally overwrites the return value
register with -ENOSYS before the tracer can set a custom return value
at the exit stop.  A portable implementation of entry-based syscall
suppression would require an audit of all supported architectures
to ensure the tracer-provided return value is preserved.


-- 
ldv

Re: [PATCH v4 1/2] ptrace: add PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO syscall skipping support

[Oleg Nesterov]

On 07/08, Dmitry V. Levin wrote:
>
> On Wed, Jul 08, 2026 at 11:06:54AM +0200, Renzo Davoli wrote:
>
> > System call suppression for PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is currently omitted
> > because its implementation is architecture-dependent. On some architectures,
> > the system call number and return value share the same register, making it
> > difficult to suppress a system call without altering the return value. A
> > portable implementation would require an audit of all supported architectures.
>
> I suggest the following wording for the explanation why
> PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is not supported yet:
>
> System call suppression via PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is currently not
> implemented.  On some architectures (e.g. MIPS), when a system call
> is skipped by setting the syscall number to -1 at the entry stop, the
> architecture entry path unconditionally overwrites the return value
> register with -ENOSYS before the tracer can set a custom return value
> at the exit stop.

Thanks! but looks a bit misleading or (quite possibly) I am confused...

At least for MIPS, I think it should something like

	when a system call is skipped by setting the syscall number to -1

	...

	architecture entry path unconditionally overwrites the return value
	register with -ENOSYS

	...

	_after_ (or even if ) the tracer has already set a custom return value

No?

Oleg.

Re: [PATCH v4 1/2] ptrace: add PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO syscall skipping support

[Dmitry V. Levin]

On Wed, Jul 08, 2026 at 05:44:08PM +0200, Oleg Nesterov wrote:
> On 07/08, Dmitry V. Levin wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, Jul 08, 2026 at 11:06:54AM +0200, Renzo Davoli wrote:
> >
> > > System call suppression for PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is currently omitted
> > > because its implementation is architecture-dependent. On some architectures,
> > > the system call number and return value share the same register, making it
> > > difficult to suppress a system call without altering the return value. A
> > > portable implementation would require an audit of all supported architectures.
> >
> > I suggest the following wording for the explanation why
> > PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is not supported yet:
> >
> > System call suppression via PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is currently not
> > implemented.  On some architectures (e.g. MIPS), when a system call
> > is skipped by setting the syscall number to -1 at the entry stop, the
> > architecture entry path unconditionally overwrites the return value
> > register with -ENOSYS before the tracer can set a custom return value
> > at the exit stop.
> 
> Thanks! but looks a bit misleading or (quite possibly) I am confused...
> 
> At least for MIPS, I think it should something like
> 
> 	when a system call is skipped by setting the syscall number to -1
> 
> 	...
> 
> 	architecture entry path unconditionally overwrites the return value
> 	register with -ENOSYS
> 
> 	...
> 
> 	_after_ (or even if ) the tracer has already set a custom return value
> 
> No?

Sure, thanks for spotting.  Consider the following edition:

System call suppression via PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is currently not
implemented.  On some architectures (e.g. MIPS), when a system call is
skipped by setting the syscall number to -1 at the entry stop, the
architecture entry path unconditionally overwrites the return value
register with -ENOSYS, clobbering any custom return value set by the
tracer at the entry stop.


-- 
ldv

Re: [PATCH v4 1/2] ptrace: add PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO syscall skipping support

[Oleg Nesterov]

On 07/09, Dmitry V. Levin wrote:
>
> System call suppression via PTRACE_SYSCALL_INFO_ENTRY is currently not
> implemented.  On some architectures (e.g. MIPS), when a system call is
> skipped by setting the syscall number to -1 at the entry stop, the
> architecture entry path unconditionally overwrites the return value
> register with -ENOSYS, clobbering any custom return value set by the
> tracer at the entry stop.

Thanks! LGTM.

Oleg.