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From: Claudio Carvalho <cclaudio@linux.ibm.com>
To: linuxppc-dev@ozlabs.org
Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Michael Anderson <andmike@linux.ibm.com>,
	Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>,
	Claudio Carvalho <cclaudio@linux.ibm.com>,
	kvm-ppc@vger.kernel.org, Bharata B Rao <bharata@linux.ibm.com>,
	Ryan Grimm <grimm@linux.ibm.com>,
	Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Thiago Bauermann <bauerman@linux.ibm.com>,
	Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Subject: [PATCH v4 7/8] KVM: PPC: Ultravisor: Enter a secure guest
Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2019 20:08:24 +0000	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20190628200825.31049-8-cclaudio@linux.ibm.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20190628200825.31049-1-cclaudio@linux.ibm.com>

From: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

To enter a secure guest, we have to go through the ultravisor, therefore
we do a ucall when we are entering a secure guest.

This change is needed for any sort of entry to the secure guest from the
hypervisor, whether it is a return from an hcall, a return from a
hypervisor interrupt, or the first time that a secure guest vCPU is run.

If we are returning from an hcall, the results are already in the
appropriate registers R3:12, except for R3, R6 and R7. R3 has the status
of the reflected hcall, therefore we move it to R0 for the ultravisor and
set R3 to the UV_RETURN ucall number. R6,7 were used as temporary
registers, hence we restore them.

Have fast_guest_return check the kvm_arch.secure_guest field so that a
new CPU enters UV when started (in response to a RTAS start-cpu call).

Thanks to input from Paul Mackerras, Ram Pai and Mike Anderson.

Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ Pass SRR1 in r11 for UV_RETURN, fix kvmppc_msr_interrupt to preserve
  the MSR_S bit ]
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
[ Fix UV_RETURN ucall number and arch.secure_guest check ]
Signed-off-by: Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
[ Save the actual R3 in R0 for the ultravisor and use R3 for the
  UV_RETURN ucall number. Update commit message and ret_to_ultra comment ]
Signed-off-by: Claudio Carvalho <cclaudio@linux.ibm.com>
---
 arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h       |  1 +
 arch/powerpc/include/asm/ultravisor-api.h |  1 +
 arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c         |  1 +
 arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rmhandlers.S   | 40 +++++++++++++++++++----
 4 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index 013c76a0a03e..184becb62ea4 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ struct kvm_arch {
 	cpumask_t cpu_in_guest;
 	u8 radix;
 	u8 fwnmi_enabled;
+	u8 secure_guest;
 	bool threads_indep;
 	bool nested_enable;
 	pgd_t *pgtable;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ultravisor-api.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ultravisor-api.h
index 141940771add..7c4d0b4ced12 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ultravisor-api.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ultravisor-api.h
@@ -19,5 +19,6 @@
 
 /* opcodes */
 #define UV_WRITE_PATE			0xF104
+#define UV_RETURN			0xF11C
 
 #endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_ULTRAVISOR_API_H */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c
index 8e02444e9d3d..44742724513e 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c
@@ -508,6 +508,7 @@ int main(void)
 	OFFSET(KVM_VRMA_SLB_V, kvm, arch.vrma_slb_v);
 	OFFSET(KVM_RADIX, kvm, arch.radix);
 	OFFSET(KVM_FWNMI, kvm, arch.fwnmi_enabled);
+	OFFSET(KVM_SECURE_GUEST, kvm, arch.secure_guest);
 	OFFSET(VCPU_DSISR, kvm_vcpu, arch.shregs.dsisr);
 	OFFSET(VCPU_DAR, kvm_vcpu, arch.shregs.dar);
 	OFFSET(VCPU_VPA, kvm_vcpu, arch.vpa.pinned_addr);
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rmhandlers.S b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rmhandlers.S
index cffb365d9d02..89813ca987c2 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rmhandlers.S
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rmhandlers.S
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include <asm/asm-compat.h>
 #include <asm/feature-fixups.h>
 #include <asm/cpuidle.h>
+#include <asm/ultravisor-api.h>
 
 /* Sign-extend HDEC if not on POWER9 */
 #define EXTEND_HDEC(reg)			\
@@ -1092,16 +1093,12 @@ BEGIN_FTR_SECTION
 END_FTR_SECTION_IFSET(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR)
 
 	ld	r5, VCPU_LR(r4)
-	ld	r6, VCPU_CR(r4)
 	mtlr	r5
-	mtcr	r6
 
 	ld	r1, VCPU_GPR(R1)(r4)
 	ld	r2, VCPU_GPR(R2)(r4)
 	ld	r3, VCPU_GPR(R3)(r4)
 	ld	r5, VCPU_GPR(R5)(r4)
-	ld	r6, VCPU_GPR(R6)(r4)
-	ld	r7, VCPU_GPR(R7)(r4)
 	ld	r8, VCPU_GPR(R8)(r4)
 	ld	r9, VCPU_GPR(R9)(r4)
 	ld	r10, VCPU_GPR(R10)(r4)
@@ -1119,10 +1116,38 @@ BEGIN_FTR_SECTION
 	mtspr	SPRN_HDSISR, r0
 END_FTR_SECTION_IFSET(CPU_FTR_ARCH_300)
 
+	ld	r6, VCPU_KVM(r4)
+	lbz	r7, KVM_SECURE_GUEST(r6)
+	cmpdi	r7, 0
+	bne	ret_to_ultra
+
+	lwz	r6, VCPU_CR(r4)
+	mtcr	r6
+
+	ld	r7, VCPU_GPR(R7)(r4)
+	ld	r6, VCPU_GPR(R6)(r4)
 	ld	r0, VCPU_GPR(R0)(r4)
 	ld	r4, VCPU_GPR(R4)(r4)
 	HRFI_TO_GUEST
 	b	.
+/*
+ * We are entering a secure guest, so we have to invoke the ultravisor to do
+ * that. If we are returning from a hcall, the results are already in the
+ * appropriate registers R3:12, except for R3, R6 and R7. R3 has the status of
+ * the reflected hcall, therefore we move it to R0 for the ultravisor and set
+ * R3 to the UV_RETURN ucall number. R6,7 were used as temporary registers
+ * above, hence we restore them.
+ */
+ret_to_ultra:
+	lwz	r6, VCPU_CR(r4)
+	mtcr	r6
+	mfspr	r11, SPRN_SRR1
+	mr	r0, r3
+	LOAD_REG_IMMEDIATE(r3, UV_RETURN)
+	ld	r7, VCPU_GPR(R7)(r4)
+	ld	r6, VCPU_GPR(R6)(r4)
+	ld	r4, VCPU_GPR(R4)(r4)
+	sc	2
 
 /*
  * Enter the guest on a P9 or later system where we have exactly
@@ -3318,13 +3343,16 @@ END_MMU_FTR_SECTION_IFSET(MMU_FTR_TYPE_RADIX)
  *   r0 is used as a scratch register
  */
 kvmppc_msr_interrupt:
+	andis.	r0, r11, MSR_S@h
 	rldicl	r0, r11, 64 - MSR_TS_S_LG, 62
-	cmpwi	r0, 2 /* Check if we are in transactional state..  */
+	cmpwi	cr1, r0, 2 /* Check if we are in transactional state..  */
 	ld	r11, VCPU_INTR_MSR(r9)
-	bne	1f
+	bne	cr1, 1f
 	/* ... if transactional, change to suspended */
 	li	r0, 1
 1:	rldimi	r11, r0, MSR_TS_S_LG, 63 - MSR_TS_T_LG
+	beqlr
+	oris	r11, r11, MSR_S@h		/* preserve MSR_S bit setting */
 	blr
 
 /*
-- 
2.20.1

WARNING: multiple messages have this Message-ID (diff)
From: Claudio Carvalho <cclaudio@linux.ibm.com>
To: linuxppc-dev@ozlabs.org
Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Michael Anderson <andmike@linux.ibm.com>,
	Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>,
	Claudio Carvalho <cclaudio@linux.ibm.com>,
	kvm-ppc@vger.kernel.org, Bharata B Rao <bharata@linux.ibm.com>,
	Ryan Grimm <grimm@linux.ibm.com>,
	Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>,
	Thiago Bauermann <bauerman@linux.ibm.com>,
	Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Subject: [PATCH v4 7/8] KVM: PPC: Ultravisor: Enter a secure guest
Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2019 17:08:24 -0300	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20190628200825.31049-8-cclaudio@linux.ibm.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20190628200825.31049-1-cclaudio@linux.ibm.com>

From: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

To enter a secure guest, we have to go through the ultravisor, therefore
we do a ucall when we are entering a secure guest.

This change is needed for any sort of entry to the secure guest from the
hypervisor, whether it is a return from an hcall, a return from a
hypervisor interrupt, or the first time that a secure guest vCPU is run.

If we are returning from an hcall, the results are already in the
appropriate registers R3:12, except for R3, R6 and R7. R3 has the status
of the reflected hcall, therefore we move it to R0 for the ultravisor and
set R3 to the UV_RETURN ucall number. R6,7 were used as temporary
registers, hence we restore them.

Have fast_guest_return check the kvm_arch.secure_guest field so that a
new CPU enters UV when started (in response to a RTAS start-cpu call).

Thanks to input from Paul Mackerras, Ram Pai and Mike Anderson.

Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ Pass SRR1 in r11 for UV_RETURN, fix kvmppc_msr_interrupt to preserve
  the MSR_S bit ]
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
[ Fix UV_RETURN ucall number and arch.secure_guest check ]
Signed-off-by: Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
[ Save the actual R3 in R0 for the ultravisor and use R3 for the
  UV_RETURN ucall number. Update commit message and ret_to_ultra comment ]
Signed-off-by: Claudio Carvalho <cclaudio@linux.ibm.com>
---
 arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h       |  1 +
 arch/powerpc/include/asm/ultravisor-api.h |  1 +
 arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c         |  1 +
 arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rmhandlers.S   | 40 +++++++++++++++++++----
 4 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index 013c76a0a03e..184becb62ea4 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ struct kvm_arch {
 	cpumask_t cpu_in_guest;
 	u8 radix;
 	u8 fwnmi_enabled;
+	u8 secure_guest;
 	bool threads_indep;
 	bool nested_enable;
 	pgd_t *pgtable;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ultravisor-api.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ultravisor-api.h
index 141940771add..7c4d0b4ced12 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ultravisor-api.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/ultravisor-api.h
@@ -19,5 +19,6 @@
 
 /* opcodes */
 #define UV_WRITE_PATE			0xF104
+#define UV_RETURN			0xF11C
 
 #endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_ULTRAVISOR_API_H */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c
index 8e02444e9d3d..44742724513e 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/asm-offsets.c
@@ -508,6 +508,7 @@ int main(void)
 	OFFSET(KVM_VRMA_SLB_V, kvm, arch.vrma_slb_v);
 	OFFSET(KVM_RADIX, kvm, arch.radix);
 	OFFSET(KVM_FWNMI, kvm, arch.fwnmi_enabled);
+	OFFSET(KVM_SECURE_GUEST, kvm, arch.secure_guest);
 	OFFSET(VCPU_DSISR, kvm_vcpu, arch.shregs.dsisr);
 	OFFSET(VCPU_DAR, kvm_vcpu, arch.shregs.dar);
 	OFFSET(VCPU_VPA, kvm_vcpu, arch.vpa.pinned_addr);
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rmhandlers.S b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rmhandlers.S
index cffb365d9d02..89813ca987c2 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rmhandlers.S
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_rmhandlers.S
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include <asm/asm-compat.h>
 #include <asm/feature-fixups.h>
 #include <asm/cpuidle.h>
+#include <asm/ultravisor-api.h>
 
 /* Sign-extend HDEC if not on POWER9 */
 #define EXTEND_HDEC(reg)			\
@@ -1092,16 +1093,12 @@ BEGIN_FTR_SECTION
 END_FTR_SECTION_IFSET(CPU_FTR_HAS_PPR)
 
 	ld	r5, VCPU_LR(r4)
-	ld	r6, VCPU_CR(r4)
 	mtlr	r5
-	mtcr	r6
 
 	ld	r1, VCPU_GPR(R1)(r4)
 	ld	r2, VCPU_GPR(R2)(r4)
 	ld	r3, VCPU_GPR(R3)(r4)
 	ld	r5, VCPU_GPR(R5)(r4)
-	ld	r6, VCPU_GPR(R6)(r4)
-	ld	r7, VCPU_GPR(R7)(r4)
 	ld	r8, VCPU_GPR(R8)(r4)
 	ld	r9, VCPU_GPR(R9)(r4)
 	ld	r10, VCPU_GPR(R10)(r4)
@@ -1119,10 +1116,38 @@ BEGIN_FTR_SECTION
 	mtspr	SPRN_HDSISR, r0
 END_FTR_SECTION_IFSET(CPU_FTR_ARCH_300)
 
+	ld	r6, VCPU_KVM(r4)
+	lbz	r7, KVM_SECURE_GUEST(r6)
+	cmpdi	r7, 0
+	bne	ret_to_ultra
+
+	lwz	r6, VCPU_CR(r4)
+	mtcr	r6
+
+	ld	r7, VCPU_GPR(R7)(r4)
+	ld	r6, VCPU_GPR(R6)(r4)
 	ld	r0, VCPU_GPR(R0)(r4)
 	ld	r4, VCPU_GPR(R4)(r4)
 	HRFI_TO_GUEST
 	b	.
+/*
+ * We are entering a secure guest, so we have to invoke the ultravisor to do
+ * that. If we are returning from a hcall, the results are already in the
+ * appropriate registers R3:12, except for R3, R6 and R7. R3 has the status of
+ * the reflected hcall, therefore we move it to R0 for the ultravisor and set
+ * R3 to the UV_RETURN ucall number. R6,7 were used as temporary registers
+ * above, hence we restore them.
+ */
+ret_to_ultra:
+	lwz	r6, VCPU_CR(r4)
+	mtcr	r6
+	mfspr	r11, SPRN_SRR1
+	mr	r0, r3
+	LOAD_REG_IMMEDIATE(r3, UV_RETURN)
+	ld	r7, VCPU_GPR(R7)(r4)
+	ld	r6, VCPU_GPR(R6)(r4)
+	ld	r4, VCPU_GPR(R4)(r4)
+	sc	2
 
 /*
  * Enter the guest on a P9 or later system where we have exactly
@@ -3318,13 +3343,16 @@ END_MMU_FTR_SECTION_IFSET(MMU_FTR_TYPE_RADIX)
  *   r0 is used as a scratch register
  */
 kvmppc_msr_interrupt:
+	andis.	r0, r11, MSR_S@h
 	rldicl	r0, r11, 64 - MSR_TS_S_LG, 62
-	cmpwi	r0, 2 /* Check if we are in transactional state..  */
+	cmpwi	cr1, r0, 2 /* Check if we are in transactional state..  */
 	ld	r11, VCPU_INTR_MSR(r9)
-	bne	1f
+	bne	cr1, 1f
 	/* ... if transactional, change to suspended */
 	li	r0, 1
 1:	rldimi	r11, r0, MSR_TS_S_LG, 63 - MSR_TS_T_LG
+	beqlr
+	oris	r11, r11, MSR_S@h		/* preserve MSR_S bit setting */
 	blr
 
 /*
-- 
2.20.1


  parent reply	other threads:[~2019-06-28 20:08 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 97+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2019-06-28 20:08 [PATCH v4 0/8] kvmppc: Paravirtualize KVM to support ultravisor Claudio Carvalho
2019-06-28 20:08 ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-06-28 20:08 ` [PATCH v4 1/8] KVM: PPC: Ultravisor: Introduce the MSR_S bit Claudio Carvalho
2019-06-28 20:08   ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-08 17:38   ` janani
2019-07-08 17:38     ` janani
2019-07-11 12:57   ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-11 12:57     ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-12  0:59     ` Nicholas Piggin
2019-07-12  0:59       ` Nicholas Piggin
2019-07-12  0:57   ` Nicholas Piggin
2019-07-12  0:57     ` Nicholas Piggin
2019-07-12  6:29     ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-12  6:29       ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-12 21:07     ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-12 21:07       ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-06-28 20:08 ` [PATCH v4 2/8] powerpc: Introduce FW_FEATURE_ULTRAVISOR Claudio Carvalho
2019-06-28 20:08   ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-08 17:40   ` janani
2019-07-08 17:40     ` janani
2019-07-11 12:57   ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-11 12:57     ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-12 18:01     ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-15  4:10       ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-15  4:10         ` Michael Ellerman
2019-06-28 20:08 ` [PATCH v4 3/8] KVM: PPC: Ultravisor: Add generic ultravisor call handler Claudio Carvalho
2019-06-28 20:08   ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-08 17:55   ` janani
2019-07-08 17:55     ` janani
2019-07-11 12:57   ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-11 12:57     ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-13 17:42     ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-13 17:42       ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-15  4:46       ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-15  4:46         ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-12  1:18   ` Nicholas Piggin
2019-07-12  1:18     ` Nicholas Piggin
2019-06-28 20:08 ` [PATCH v4 4/8] KVM: PPC: Ultravisor: Use UV_WRITE_PATE ucall to register a PATE Claudio Carvalho
2019-06-28 20:08   ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-08 17:57   ` janani
2019-07-08 17:57     ` janani
2019-07-11 12:57   ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-11 12:57     ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-17 14:59     ` Ryan Grimm
2019-07-17 14:59       ` Ryan Grimm
2019-07-18 21:25     ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-18 21:25       ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-19  2:25       ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-19  2:25         ` Michael Ellerman
2019-06-28 20:08 ` [PATCH v4 5/8] KVM: PPC: Ultravisor: Restrict flush of the partition tlb cache Claudio Carvalho
2019-06-28 20:08   ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-01  5:54   ` Alexey Kardashevskiy
2019-07-01  5:54     ` Alexey Kardashevskiy
2019-07-08 20:05     ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-08 20:05       ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-08 19:54   ` janani
2019-07-08 19:54     ` janani
2019-07-10 17:09     ` Ram Pai
2019-07-10 17:09       ` Ram Pai
2019-06-28 20:08 ` [PATCH v4 6/8] KVM: PPC: Ultravisor: Restrict LDBAR access Claudio Carvalho
2019-06-28 20:08   ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-01  5:54   ` Alexey Kardashevskiy
2019-07-01  5:54     ` Alexey Kardashevskiy
2019-07-01  6:17     ` maddy
2019-07-01  6:29       ` maddy
2019-07-01  6:30       ` Alexey Kardashevskiy
2019-07-01  6:30         ` Alexey Kardashevskiy
2019-07-01  6:46         ` Ram Pai
2019-07-01  6:46           ` Ram Pai
2019-07-13 17:56           ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-13 17:56             ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-08 20:22   ` janani
2019-07-08 20:22     ` janani
2019-07-11 12:57   ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-11 12:57     ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-15  0:38     ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-15  0:38       ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-06-28 20:08 ` Claudio Carvalho [this message]
2019-06-28 20:08   ` [PATCH v4 7/8] KVM: PPC: Ultravisor: Enter a secure guest Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-08 20:53   ` janani
2019-07-08 20:53     ` janani
2019-07-08 20:52     ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-08 20:52       ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-11 12:57   ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-11 12:57     ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-18  2:47     ` Sukadev Bhattiprolu
2019-07-18  2:47       ` Sukadev Bhattiprolu
2019-07-22 11:05       ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-22 11:05         ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-12  2:03   ` Nicholas Piggin
2019-07-12  2:03     ` Nicholas Piggin
2019-06-28 20:08 ` [PATCH v4 8/8] KVM: PPC: Ultravisor: Check for MSR_S during hv_reset_msr Claudio Carvalho
2019-06-28 20:08   ` Claudio Carvalho
2019-07-08 20:54   ` janani
2019-07-08 20:54     ` janani
2019-07-11 12:57   ` Michael Ellerman
2019-07-11 12:57     ` Michael Ellerman

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