[PATCH rcu 0/7] Documentation upates

[PATCH rcu 0/7] Documentation upates

[Paul E. McKenney]

Hello!

This series contains RCU documentation updates:

1.	Add broken-timing possibility to stallwarn.rst.

2.	Improve discussion of this_cpu_ptr(), add raw_cpu_ptr().
	(Not actually an RCU patch, but here it is anyway.)

3.	Document self-propagating callbacks.

4.	Point call_srcu() to call_rcu() for detailed memory ordering.

5.	Add CONFIG_RCU_LAZY delays to call_rcu() kernel-doc header.

6.	Clarify RCU_LAZY and RCU_LAZY_DEFAULT_OFF help text.

7.	Remove references to old grace-period-wait primitives.

						Thanx, Paul

------------------------------------------------------------------------

 b/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst        |    5 +----
 b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst         |    7 +++++++
 b/Documentation/core-api/this_cpu_ops.rst |   22 ++++++++++++++++------
 b/include/linux/rcupdate.h                |   17 +++++++----------
 b/kernel/rcu/Kconfig                      |   20 +++++++++++++-------
 b/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c                   |    8 ++++++--
 b/kernel/rcu/tree.c                       |    8 +++++++-
 kernel/rcu/tree.c                         |    7 +++++++
 8 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

[PATCH rcu 1/7] doc: Add broken-timing possibility to stallwarn.rst

[Paul E. McKenney]

Currently, stallwarn.rst does not mention the fact that timer bugs can
result in false-positive RCU CPU stall warnings.  This commit therefore
adds this to the list.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
---
 Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst
index 30080ff6f4062..d1ccd6039a8c3 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst
@@ -96,6 +96,13 @@ warnings:
 	the ``rcu_.*timer wakeup didn't happen for`` console-log message,
 	which will include additional debugging information.
 
+-	A timer issue causes time to appear to jump forward, so that RCU
+	believes that the RCU CPU stall-warning timeout has been exceeded
+	when in fact much less time has passed.  This could be due to
+	timer hardware bugs, timer driver bugs, or even corruption of
+	the "jiffies" global variable.	These sorts of timer hardware
+	and driver bugs are not uncommon when testing new hardware.
+
 -	A low-level kernel issue that either fails to invoke one of the
 	variants of rcu_eqs_enter(true), rcu_eqs_exit(true), ct_idle_enter(),
 	ct_idle_exit(), ct_irq_enter(), or ct_irq_exit() on the one
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu 2/7] docs: Improve discussion of this_cpu_ptr(), add raw_cpu_ptr()

[Paul E. McKenney]

Most of the this_cpu_*() operations may be used in preemptible code,
but not this_cpu_ptr(), and for good reasons.  Therefore, better explain
the reasons and call out raw_cpu_ptr() as an alternative in certain very
special cases.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: <linux-doc@vger.kernel.org>
---
 Documentation/core-api/this_cpu_ops.rst | 22 ++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/core-api/this_cpu_ops.rst b/Documentation/core-api/this_cpu_ops.rst
index 91acbcf30e9bd..11e3e48731553 100644
--- a/Documentation/core-api/this_cpu_ops.rst
+++ b/Documentation/core-api/this_cpu_ops.rst
@@ -138,12 +138,22 @@ get_cpu/put_cpu sequence requires. No processor number is
 available. Instead, the offset of the local per cpu area is simply
 added to the per cpu offset.
 
-Note that this operation is usually used in a code segment when
-preemption has been disabled. The pointer is then used to
-access local per cpu data in a critical section. When preemption
-is re-enabled this pointer is usually no longer useful since it may
-no longer point to per cpu data of the current processor.
-
+Note that this operation can only be used in code segments where
+smp_processor_id() may be used, for example, where preemption has been
+disabled. The pointer is then used to access local per cpu data in a
+critical section. When preemption is re-enabled this pointer is usually
+no longer useful since it may no longer point to per cpu data of the
+current processor.
+
+The special cases where it makes sense do obtain a per-CPU pointer in
+preemptible code are addressed by raw_cpu_ptr(), but please note that such
+use cases need to handle cases where two different CPUs are accessing
+the same per cpu variable, which might well be that of a third CPU.
+These use cases are typically performance optimizations.  For example,
+SRCU implements a pair of counters as a pair of per-CPU variables,
+and rcu_read_lock_nmisafe() uses raw_cpu_ptr() to get a pointer to some
+CPU's counter, and uses atomic_inc_long() to handle migration between
+the raw_cpu_ptr() and the atomic_inc_long().
 
 Per cpu variables and offsets
 -----------------------------
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu 3/7] rcu: Document self-propagating callbacks

[Paul E. McKenney]

This commit documents the fact that a given RCU callback function can
repost itself.

Reported-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
---
 kernel/rcu/tree.c | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
index 24f1cb292a92d..befe35058c49a 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
@@ -3128,7 +3128,7 @@ module_param(enable_rcu_lazy, bool, 0444);
  * critical sections have completed.
  *
  * Use this API instead of call_rcu() if you don't want the callback to be
- * invoked after very long periods of time, which can happen on systems without
+ * delayed for very long periods of time, which can happen on systems without
  * memory pressure and on systems which are lightly loaded or mostly idle.
  * This function will cause callbacks to be invoked sooner than later at the
  * expense of extra power. Other than that, this function is identical to, and
@@ -3159,6 +3159,12 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(call_rcu_hurry);
  * might well execute concurrently with RCU read-side critical sections
  * that started after call_rcu() was invoked.
  *
+ * It is perfectly legal to repost an RCU callback, potentially with
+ * a different callback function, from within its callback function.
+ * The specified function will be invoked after another full grace period
+ * has elapsed.  This use case is similar in form to the common practice
+ * of reposting a timer from within its own handler.
+ *
  * RCU read-side critical sections are delimited by rcu_read_lock()
  * and rcu_read_unlock(), and may be nested.  In addition, but only in
  * v5.0 and later, regions of code across which interrupts, preemption,
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu 4/7] srcu: Point call_srcu() to call_rcu() for detailed memory ordering

[Paul E. McKenney]

This commit causes the call_srcu() kernel-doc header to reference that
of call_rcu() for detailed memory-ordering guarantees.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
---
 kernel/rcu/srcutree.c | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c b/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c
index b83c74c4dcc0d..f87a9fb6d6bb8 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c
@@ -1398,8 +1398,12 @@ static void __call_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp, struct rcu_head *rhp,
  * read-side critical sections are delimited by srcu_read_lock() and
  * srcu_read_unlock(), and may be nested.
  *
- * The callback will be invoked from process context, but must nevertheless
- * be fast and must not block.
+ * The callback will be invoked from process context, but with bh
+ * disabled.  The callback function must therefore be fast and must
+ * not block.
+ *
+ * See the description of call_rcu() for more detailed information on
+ * memory ordering guarantees.
  */
 void call_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp, struct rcu_head *rhp,
 	       rcu_callback_t func)
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu 5/7] rcu: Add CONFIG_RCU_LAZY delays to call_rcu() kernel-doc header

[Paul E. McKenney]

This commit adds a description of the energy-efficiency delays that
call_rcu() can impose, along with a pointer to call_rcu_hurry() for
latency-sensitive kernel code.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
---
 kernel/rcu/tree.c | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
index befe35058c49a..229f427b8c821 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
@@ -3193,6 +3193,13 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(call_rcu_hurry);
  *
  * Implementation of these memory-ordering guarantees is described here:
  * Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.rst.
+ *
+ * Specific to call_rcu() (as opposed to the other call_rcu*() functions),
+ * in kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_LAZY=y, call_rcu() might delay for many
+ * seconds before starting the grace period needed by the corresponding
+ * callback.  This delay can significantly improve energy-efficiency
+ * on low-utilization battery-powered devices.  To avoid this delay,
+ * in latency-sensitive kernel code, use call_rcu_hurry().
  */
 void call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
 {
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu 6/7] rcu: Clarify RCU_LAZY and RCU_LAZY_DEFAULT_OFF help text

[Paul E. McKenney]

This commit wordsmiths the RCU_LAZY and RCU_LAZY_DEFAULT_OFF Kconfig
options' help text.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
---
 kernel/rcu/Kconfig | 20 +++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/rcu/Kconfig b/kernel/rcu/Kconfig
index b9b6bc55185db..2bb22dac3b5a9 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/Kconfig
+++ b/kernel/rcu/Kconfig
@@ -323,21 +323,27 @@ config RCU_LAZY
 	depends on RCU_NOCB_CPU
 	default n
 	help
-	  To save power, batch RCU callbacks and flush after delay, memory
-	  pressure, or callback list growing too big.
+	  To save power, batch RCU callbacks and delay starting the
+	  corresponding grace  period for multiple seconds.  The grace
+	  period will be started after this delay, in case of memory
+	  pressure, or if the corresponding CPU's callback list grows
+	  too large.
 
-	  Requires rcu_nocbs=all to be set.
+	  These delays happen only on rcu_nocbs CPUs, that is, CPUs
+	  whose callbacks have been offloaded.
 
-	  Use rcutree.enable_rcu_lazy=0 to turn it off at boot time.
+	  Use the rcutree.enable_rcu_lazy=0 kernel-boot parameter to
+	  globally disable these delays.
 
 config RCU_LAZY_DEFAULT_OFF
 	bool "Turn RCU lazy invocation off by default"
 	depends on RCU_LAZY
 	default n
 	help
-	  Allows building the kernel with CONFIG_RCU_LAZY=y yet keep it default
-	  off. Boot time param rcutree.enable_rcu_lazy=1 can be used to switch
-	  it back on.
+	  Build the kernel with CONFIG_RCU_LAZY=y, but cause the kernel
+	  to boot with these energy-efficiency delays disabled.  Use the
+	  rcutree.enable_rcu_lazy=0 kernel-boot parameter to override
+	  the this option at boot time, thus re-enabling these delays.
 
 config RCU_DOUBLE_CHECK_CB_TIME
 	bool "RCU callback-batch backup time check"
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu 7/7] rcu: Remove references to old grace-period-wait primitives

[Paul E. McKenney]

The rcu_barrier_sched(), synchronize_sched(), and synchronize_rcu_bh()
RCU API members have been gone for many years.  This commit therefore
removes non-historical instances of them.

Reported-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
---
 Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst |  5 +----
 include/linux/rcupdate.h         | 17 +++++++----------
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst b/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst
index 6da7f66da2a80..12a7b059654f7 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst
@@ -329,10 +329,7 @@ Answer:
 	was first added back in 2005.  This is because on_each_cpu()
 	disables preemption, which acted as an RCU read-side critical
 	section, thus preventing CPU 0's grace period from completing
-	until on_each_cpu() had dealt with all of the CPUs.  However,
-	with the advent of preemptible RCU, rcu_barrier() no longer
-	waited on nonpreemptible regions of code in preemptible kernels,
-	that being the job of the new rcu_barrier_sched() function.
+	until on_each_cpu() had dealt with all of the CPUs.
 
 	However, with the RCU flavor consolidation around v4.20, this
 	possibility was once again ruled out, because the consolidated
diff --git a/include/linux/rcupdate.h b/include/linux/rcupdate.h
index 48e5c03df1dd8..3bb554723074d 100644
--- a/include/linux/rcupdate.h
+++ b/include/linux/rcupdate.h
@@ -806,11 +806,9 @@ do {									      \
  * sections, invocation of the corresponding RCU callback is deferred
  * until after the all the other CPUs exit their critical sections.
  *
- * In v5.0 and later kernels, synchronize_rcu() and call_rcu() also
- * wait for regions of code with preemption disabled, including regions of
- * code with interrupts or softirqs disabled.  In pre-v5.0 kernels, which
- * define synchronize_sched(), only code enclosed within rcu_read_lock()
- * and rcu_read_unlock() are guaranteed to be waited for.
+ * Both synchronize_rcu() and call_rcu() also wait for regions of code
+ * with preemption disabled, including regions of code with interrupts or
+ * softirqs disabled.
  *
  * Note, however, that RCU callbacks are permitted to run concurrently
  * with new RCU read-side critical sections.  One way that this can happen
@@ -865,11 +863,10 @@ static __always_inline void rcu_read_lock(void)
  * rcu_read_unlock() - marks the end of an RCU read-side critical section.
  *
  * In almost all situations, rcu_read_unlock() is immune from deadlock.
- * In recent kernels that have consolidated synchronize_sched() and
- * synchronize_rcu_bh() into synchronize_rcu(), this deadlock immunity
- * also extends to the scheduler's runqueue and priority-inheritance
- * spinlocks, courtesy of the quiescent-state deferral that is carried
- * out when rcu_read_unlock() is invoked with interrupts disabled.
+ * This deadlock immunity also extends to the scheduler's runqueue
+ * and priority-inheritance spinlocks, courtesy of the quiescent-state
+ * deferral that is carried out when rcu_read_unlock() is invoked with
+ * interrupts disabled.
  *
  * See rcu_read_lock() for more information.
  */
-- 
2.40.1

Re: [PATCH rcu 2/7] docs: Improve discussion of this_cpu_ptr(), add raw_cpu_ptr()

[Matthew Wilcox]

On Thu, Jan 16, 2025 at 12:02:34PM -0800, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> +The special cases where it makes sense do obtain a per-CPU pointer in

s/do/to/

> +preemptible code are addressed by raw_cpu_ptr(), but please note that such

s/please note that //

> +use cases need to handle cases where two different CPUs are accessing
> +the same per cpu variable, which might well be that of a third CPU.
> +These use cases are typically performance optimizations.  For example,
> +SRCU implements a pair of counters as a pair of per-CPU variables,
> +and rcu_read_lock_nmisafe() uses raw_cpu_ptr() to get a pointer to some
> +CPU's counter, and uses atomic_inc_long() to handle migration between
> +the raw_cpu_ptr() and the atomic_inc_long().

Re: [PATCH rcu 3/7] rcu: Document self-propagating callbacks

[Jens Axboe]

On 1/16/25 1:02 PM, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> This commit documents the fact that a given RCU callback function can
> repost itself.

Thanks for adding this!

-- 
Jens Axboe

Re: [PATCH rcu 2/7] docs: Improve discussion of this_cpu_ptr(), add raw_cpu_ptr()

[Paul E. McKenney]

On Thu, Jan 16, 2025 at 09:02:16PM +0000, Matthew Wilcox wrote:
> On Thu, Jan 16, 2025 at 12:02:34PM -0800, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> > +The special cases where it makes sense do obtain a per-CPU pointer in
> 
> s/do/to/
> 
> > +preemptible code are addressed by raw_cpu_ptr(), but please note that such
> 
> s/please note that //

Good eyes, thank you!  I am a bit sorry to see the "please note that"
go, but I suppose fewer words is a good thing.

I will fix these on my next rebase and repost.

							Thanx, Paul

> > +use cases need to handle cases where two different CPUs are accessing
> > +the same per cpu variable, which might well be that of a third CPU.
> > +These use cases are typically performance optimizations.  For example,
> > +SRCU implements a pair of counters as a pair of per-CPU variables,
> > +and rcu_read_lock_nmisafe() uses raw_cpu_ptr() to get a pointer to some
> > +CPU's counter, and uses atomic_inc_long() to handle migration between
> > +the raw_cpu_ptr() and the atomic_inc_long().

Re: [PATCH rcu 0/7] Documentation upates

[Paul E. McKenney]

Hello!

This series contains RCU documentation updates:

1.	Add broken-timing possibility to stallwarn.rst.

2.	Improve discussion of this_cpu_ptr(), add raw_cpu_ptr().

3.	Document self-propagating callbacks.

4.	Point call_srcu() to call_rcu() for detailed memory ordering.

5.	Add CONFIG_RCU_LAZY delays to call_rcu() kernel-doc header.

6.	Clarify RCU_LAZY and RCU_LAZY_DEFAULT_OFF help text.

7.	Remove references to old grace-period-wait primitives.

						Thanx, Paul

Changes from v1:

o	Apply Matthew Wilcox feedback on "Improve discussion of
	this_cpu_ptr(), add raw_cpu_ptr()"

------------------------------------------------------------------------

 b/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst        |    5 +----
 b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst         |    7 +++++++
 b/Documentation/core-api/this_cpu_ops.rst |   22 ++++++++++++++++------
 b/include/linux/rcupdate.h                |   17 +++++++----------
 b/kernel/rcu/Kconfig                      |   20 +++++++++++++-------
 b/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c                   |    8 ++++++--
 b/kernel/rcu/tree.c                       |    8 +++++++-
 kernel/rcu/tree.c                         |    7 +++++++
 8 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

[PATCH rcu v2 1/7] doc: Add broken-timing possibility to stallwarn.rst

[Paul E. McKenney]

Currently, stallwarn.rst does not mention the fact that timer bugs can
result in false-positive RCU CPU stall warnings.  This commit therefore
adds this to the list.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
---
 Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst
index 30080ff6f406..d1ccd6039a8c 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst
@@ -96,6 +96,13 @@ warnings:
 	the ``rcu_.*timer wakeup didn't happen for`` console-log message,
 	which will include additional debugging information.
 
+-	A timer issue causes time to appear to jump forward, so that RCU
+	believes that the RCU CPU stall-warning timeout has been exceeded
+	when in fact much less time has passed.  This could be due to
+	timer hardware bugs, timer driver bugs, or even corruption of
+	the "jiffies" global variable.	These sorts of timer hardware
+	and driver bugs are not uncommon when testing new hardware.
+
 -	A low-level kernel issue that either fails to invoke one of the
 	variants of rcu_eqs_enter(true), rcu_eqs_exit(true), ct_idle_enter(),
 	ct_idle_exit(), ct_irq_enter(), or ct_irq_exit() on the one
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu v2 2/7] docs: Improve discussion of this_cpu_ptr(), add raw_cpu_ptr()

[Paul E. McKenney]

Most of the this_cpu_*() operations may be used in preemptible code,
but not this_cpu_ptr(), and for good reasons.  Therefore, better explain
the reasons and call out raw_cpu_ptr() as an alternative in certain very
special cases.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: <linux-doc@vger.kernel.org>
---
 Documentation/core-api/this_cpu_ops.rst | 22 ++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/core-api/this_cpu_ops.rst b/Documentation/core-api/this_cpu_ops.rst
index 91acbcf30e9b..533ac5dd5750 100644
--- a/Documentation/core-api/this_cpu_ops.rst
+++ b/Documentation/core-api/this_cpu_ops.rst
@@ -138,12 +138,22 @@ get_cpu/put_cpu sequence requires. No processor number is
 available. Instead, the offset of the local per cpu area is simply
 added to the per cpu offset.
 
-Note that this operation is usually used in a code segment when
-preemption has been disabled. The pointer is then used to
-access local per cpu data in a critical section. When preemption
-is re-enabled this pointer is usually no longer useful since it may
-no longer point to per cpu data of the current processor.
-
+Note that this operation can only be used in code segments where
+smp_processor_id() may be used, for example, where preemption has been
+disabled. The pointer is then used to access local per cpu data in a
+critical section. When preemption is re-enabled this pointer is usually
+no longer useful since it may no longer point to per cpu data of the
+current processor.
+
+The special cases where it makes sense to obtain a per-CPU pointer in
+preemptible code are addressed by raw_cpu_ptr(), but such use cases need
+to handle cases where two different CPUs are accessing the same per cpu
+variable, which might well be that of a third CPU.  These use cases are
+typically performance optimizations.  For example, SRCU implements a pair
+of counters as a pair of per-CPU variables, and rcu_read_lock_nmisafe()
+uses raw_cpu_ptr() to get a pointer to some CPU's counter, and uses
+atomic_inc_long() to handle migration between the raw_cpu_ptr() and
+the atomic_inc_long().
 
 Per cpu variables and offsets
 -----------------------------
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu v2 3/7] rcu: Document self-propagating callbacks

[Paul E. McKenney]

This commit documents the fact that a given RCU callback function can
repost itself.

Reported-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
---
 kernel/rcu/tree.c | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
index 24f1cb292a92..befe35058c49 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
@@ -3128,7 +3128,7 @@ module_param(enable_rcu_lazy, bool, 0444);
  * critical sections have completed.
  *
  * Use this API instead of call_rcu() if you don't want the callback to be
- * invoked after very long periods of time, which can happen on systems without
+ * delayed for very long periods of time, which can happen on systems without
  * memory pressure and on systems which are lightly loaded or mostly idle.
  * This function will cause callbacks to be invoked sooner than later at the
  * expense of extra power. Other than that, this function is identical to, and
@@ -3159,6 +3159,12 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(call_rcu_hurry);
  * might well execute concurrently with RCU read-side critical sections
  * that started after call_rcu() was invoked.
  *
+ * It is perfectly legal to repost an RCU callback, potentially with
+ * a different callback function, from within its callback function.
+ * The specified function will be invoked after another full grace period
+ * has elapsed.  This use case is similar in form to the common practice
+ * of reposting a timer from within its own handler.
+ *
  * RCU read-side critical sections are delimited by rcu_read_lock()
  * and rcu_read_unlock(), and may be nested.  In addition, but only in
  * v5.0 and later, regions of code across which interrupts, preemption,
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu v2 4/7] srcu: Point call_srcu() to call_rcu() for detailed memory ordering

[Paul E. McKenney]

This commit causes the call_srcu() kernel-doc header to reference that
of call_rcu() for detailed memory-ordering guarantees.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
---
 kernel/rcu/srcutree.c | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c b/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c
index b83c74c4dcc0..f87a9fb6d6bb 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c
@@ -1398,8 +1398,12 @@ static void __call_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp, struct rcu_head *rhp,
  * read-side critical sections are delimited by srcu_read_lock() and
  * srcu_read_unlock(), and may be nested.
  *
- * The callback will be invoked from process context, but must nevertheless
- * be fast and must not block.
+ * The callback will be invoked from process context, but with bh
+ * disabled.  The callback function must therefore be fast and must
+ * not block.
+ *
+ * See the description of call_rcu() for more detailed information on
+ * memory ordering guarantees.
  */
 void call_srcu(struct srcu_struct *ssp, struct rcu_head *rhp,
 	       rcu_callback_t func)
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu v2 5/7] rcu: Add CONFIG_RCU_LAZY delays to call_rcu() kernel-doc header

[Paul E. McKenney]

This commit adds a description of the energy-efficiency delays that
call_rcu() can impose, along with a pointer to call_rcu_hurry() for
latency-sensitive kernel code.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
---
 kernel/rcu/tree.c | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
index befe35058c49..229f427b8c82 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
@@ -3193,6 +3193,13 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(call_rcu_hurry);
  *
  * Implementation of these memory-ordering guarantees is described here:
  * Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.rst.
+ *
+ * Specific to call_rcu() (as opposed to the other call_rcu*() functions),
+ * in kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_LAZY=y, call_rcu() might delay for many
+ * seconds before starting the grace period needed by the corresponding
+ * callback.  This delay can significantly improve energy-efficiency
+ * on low-utilization battery-powered devices.  To avoid this delay,
+ * in latency-sensitive kernel code, use call_rcu_hurry().
  */
 void call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
 {
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu v2 6/7] rcu: Clarify RCU_LAZY and RCU_LAZY_DEFAULT_OFF help text

[Paul E. McKenney]

This commit wordsmiths the RCU_LAZY and RCU_LAZY_DEFAULT_OFF Kconfig
options' help text.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
---
 kernel/rcu/Kconfig | 20 +++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/rcu/Kconfig b/kernel/rcu/Kconfig
index b9b6bc55185d..2bb22dac3b5a 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/Kconfig
+++ b/kernel/rcu/Kconfig
@@ -323,21 +323,27 @@ config RCU_LAZY
 	depends on RCU_NOCB_CPU
 	default n
 	help
-	  To save power, batch RCU callbacks and flush after delay, memory
-	  pressure, or callback list growing too big.
+	  To save power, batch RCU callbacks and delay starting the
+	  corresponding grace  period for multiple seconds.  The grace
+	  period will be started after this delay, in case of memory
+	  pressure, or if the corresponding CPU's callback list grows
+	  too large.
 
-	  Requires rcu_nocbs=all to be set.
+	  These delays happen only on rcu_nocbs CPUs, that is, CPUs
+	  whose callbacks have been offloaded.
 
-	  Use rcutree.enable_rcu_lazy=0 to turn it off at boot time.
+	  Use the rcutree.enable_rcu_lazy=0 kernel-boot parameter to
+	  globally disable these delays.
 
 config RCU_LAZY_DEFAULT_OFF
 	bool "Turn RCU lazy invocation off by default"
 	depends on RCU_LAZY
 	default n
 	help
-	  Allows building the kernel with CONFIG_RCU_LAZY=y yet keep it default
-	  off. Boot time param rcutree.enable_rcu_lazy=1 can be used to switch
-	  it back on.
+	  Build the kernel with CONFIG_RCU_LAZY=y, but cause the kernel
+	  to boot with these energy-efficiency delays disabled.  Use the
+	  rcutree.enable_rcu_lazy=0 kernel-boot parameter to override
+	  the this option at boot time, thus re-enabling these delays.
 
 config RCU_DOUBLE_CHECK_CB_TIME
 	bool "RCU callback-batch backup time check"
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu v2 7/7] rcu: Remove references to old grace-period-wait primitives

[Paul E. McKenney]

The rcu_barrier_sched(), synchronize_sched(), and synchronize_rcu_bh()
RCU API members have been gone for many years.  This commit therefore
removes non-historical instances of them.

Reported-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
---
 Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst |  5 +----
 include/linux/rcupdate.h         | 17 +++++++----------
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst b/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst
index 6da7f66da2a8..12a7b059654f 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst
@@ -329,10 +329,7 @@ Answer:
 	was first added back in 2005.  This is because on_each_cpu()
 	disables preemption, which acted as an RCU read-side critical
 	section, thus preventing CPU 0's grace period from completing
-	until on_each_cpu() had dealt with all of the CPUs.  However,
-	with the advent of preemptible RCU, rcu_barrier() no longer
-	waited on nonpreemptible regions of code in preemptible kernels,
-	that being the job of the new rcu_barrier_sched() function.
+	until on_each_cpu() had dealt with all of the CPUs.
 
 	However, with the RCU flavor consolidation around v4.20, this
 	possibility was once again ruled out, because the consolidated
diff --git a/include/linux/rcupdate.h b/include/linux/rcupdate.h
index 48e5c03df1dd..3bb554723074 100644
--- a/include/linux/rcupdate.h
+++ b/include/linux/rcupdate.h
@@ -806,11 +806,9 @@ do {									      \
  * sections, invocation of the corresponding RCU callback is deferred
  * until after the all the other CPUs exit their critical sections.
  *
- * In v5.0 and later kernels, synchronize_rcu() and call_rcu() also
- * wait for regions of code with preemption disabled, including regions of
- * code with interrupts or softirqs disabled.  In pre-v5.0 kernels, which
- * define synchronize_sched(), only code enclosed within rcu_read_lock()
- * and rcu_read_unlock() are guaranteed to be waited for.
+ * Both synchronize_rcu() and call_rcu() also wait for regions of code
+ * with preemption disabled, including regions of code with interrupts or
+ * softirqs disabled.
  *
  * Note, however, that RCU callbacks are permitted to run concurrently
  * with new RCU read-side critical sections.  One way that this can happen
@@ -865,11 +863,10 @@ static __always_inline void rcu_read_lock(void)
  * rcu_read_unlock() - marks the end of an RCU read-side critical section.
  *
  * In almost all situations, rcu_read_unlock() is immune from deadlock.
- * In recent kernels that have consolidated synchronize_sched() and
- * synchronize_rcu_bh() into synchronize_rcu(), this deadlock immunity
- * also extends to the scheduler's runqueue and priority-inheritance
- * spinlocks, courtesy of the quiescent-state deferral that is carried
- * out when rcu_read_unlock() is invoked with interrupts disabled.
+ * This deadlock immunity also extends to the scheduler's runqueue
+ * and priority-inheritance spinlocks, courtesy of the quiescent-state
+ * deferral that is carried out when rcu_read_unlock() is invoked with
+ * interrupts disabled.
  *
  * See rcu_read_lock() for more information.
  */
-- 
2.40.1

[PATCH rcu 1/7] doc: Add broken-timing possibility to stallwarn.rst

[Boqun Feng]

From: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>

Currently, stallwarn.rst does not mention the fact that timer bugs can
result in false-positive RCU CPU stall warnings.  This commit therefore
adds this to the list.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
---
 Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst
index 30080ff6f406..d1ccd6039a8c 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst
@@ -96,6 +96,13 @@ warnings:
 	the ``rcu_.*timer wakeup didn't happen for`` console-log message,
 	which will include additional debugging information.
 
+-	A timer issue causes time to appear to jump forward, so that RCU
+	believes that the RCU CPU stall-warning timeout has been exceeded
+	when in fact much less time has passed.  This could be due to
+	timer hardware bugs, timer driver bugs, or even corruption of
+	the "jiffies" global variable.	These sorts of timer hardware
+	and driver bugs are not uncommon when testing new hardware.
+
 -	A low-level kernel issue that either fails to invoke one of the
 	variants of rcu_eqs_enter(true), rcu_eqs_exit(true), ct_idle_enter(),
 	ct_idle_exit(), ct_irq_enter(), or ct_irq_exit() on the one
-- 
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)